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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Sep 2019is among the four main causes of gastroenteritis worldwide and has increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The vast majority of... (Review)
Review
is among the four main causes of gastroenteritis worldwide and has increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The vast majority of reported infections are caused by and, to a lesser extent, ; however, the increasing recognition of other emerging pathogens is urgently demanding a better understanding of how these underestimated species cause disease, transmit, and evolve. In parallel to the enhanced clinical awareness of campylobacteriosis due to improved diagnostic protocols, the application of high-throughput sequencing has increased the number of whole-genome sequences available to dozens of strains of many emerging campylobacters. This has allowed for comprehensive comparative pathogenomic analyses for several species, such as and These studies have started to reveal the evolutionary forces shaping their genomes and have brought to light many genomic features related to pathogenicity in these neglected species, promoting the development of new tools and approaches relevant for clinical microbiology. Despite the need for additional characterization of genomic diversity in emerging campylobacters, the increasing body of literature describing pathogenomic studies on these species deserves to be discussed from an integrative perspective. This review compiles the current knowledge and highlights future work toward deepening our understanding about genome dynamics and the mechanisms governing the evolution of pathogenicity in emerging species, which is urgently needed to develop strategies to prevent or control the spread of these pathogens.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Humans
PubMed: 31270126
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00072-18 -
Cureus Feb 2023, a bacteria of the genus that are a group of bacteria known to cause intestinal infections, is a particular microbial agent due to its most common presentation being...
, a bacteria of the genus that are a group of bacteria known to cause intestinal infections, is a particular microbial agent due to its most common presentation being as a non-intestinal systemic infection and rarely as a focal infection, most frequently cellulitis. 's main reservoirs are cattle and sheep. Humans are usually infected by consuming raw milk and/or meat. Infection in humans is rare and generally related to immune deficiencies, malignancy, chronic liver disease, diabetes mellitus and elderly age, among other factors. Diagnosis is usually achieved by blood cultures due to the lack of focalized signs/symptoms and the pathogen's endovascular tropism. The authors present a case of cellulitis due to , a microbial agent that affects susceptible patients with a mortality rate of up to 14%. We aim to emphasize the importance of potential bacterial seeding sites secondary to bacteremia given the agent tropism for vascular tissue. The medical diagnosis was performed by the identification of bacteria in blood cultures. infections are more frequently related to undercooked poultry or meat, but in this case, the consumption of fresh cheese was considered the most likely source of infection. A literature review showed that, in patients with previous antibiotic cycles, a combination of carbapenem and gentamicin had better outcomes and lower relapse rates. Due to typical surface antigenic variation, immune control may not be attainable and may account for relapsing infections, even after appropriate therapy. The duration of treatment has yet to be well established. Based on other reported cases, we considered a four-week treatment to be sufficient, given clinical improvement and absence of recurrence in the follow-up time.
PubMed: 36846634
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35328 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Nov 2023Campylobacter fetus accounts for 1% of Campylobacter spp. infections, but prevalence of bacteremia and risk for death are high. To determine clinical features of C.... (Review)
Review
Campylobacter fetus accounts for 1% of Campylobacter spp. infections, but prevalence of bacteremia and risk for death are high. To determine clinical features of C. fetus infections and risks for death, we conducted a retrospective observational study of all adult inpatients with a confirmed C. fetus infection in Nord Franche-Comté Hospital, Trevenans, France, during January 2000-December 2021. Among 991 patients with isolated Campylobacter spp. strains, we identified 39 (4%) with culture-positive C. fetus infections, of which 33 had complete records and underwent further analysis; 21 had documented bacteremia and 12 did not. Secondary localizations were reported for 7 (33%) patients with C. fetus bacteremia, of which 5 exhibited a predilection for vascular infections (including 3 with mycotic aneurysm). Another 7 (33%) patients with C. fetus bacteremia died within 30 days. Significant risk factors associated with death within 30 days were dyspnea, quick sequential organ failure assessment score >2 at admission, and septic shock.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Campylobacter fetus; France; Bacteremia; Campylobacter Infections; Dyspnea; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37877803
DOI: 10.3201/eid2911.230598 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Sep 2021Campylobacter fetus is a rare pathogen in humans. It mainly causes invasive infections in immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we report the first case of cervical... (Review)
Review
Campylobacter fetus is a rare pathogen in humans. It mainly causes invasive infections in immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we report the first case of cervical vertebral osteomyelitis in a previously healthy man with a history of daily alcohol consumption. Treatment was given for six weeks with excellent clinical recovery and normalization of laboratory markers.
Topics: Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter fetus; Humans; Male; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 34454173
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.017 -
Microbial Genomics Mar 2023is a pathogen, which is primarily associated with fertility problems in sheep and cattle. In humans, it can cause severe infections that require antimicrobial...
is a pathogen, which is primarily associated with fertility problems in sheep and cattle. In humans, it can cause severe infections that require antimicrobial treatment. However, knowledge on the development of antimicrobial resistance in is limited. Moreover, the lack of epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and clinical breakpoints for hinders consistent reporting about wild-type and non-wild-type susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic susceptibility pattern of and to determine the resistome [the collection of all antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and their precursors] to describe the genomic basis of antimicrobial resistance in isolates over time. Whole-genome sequences of 295 . isolates, including isolates that were isolated in the period 1939 till the mid 1940s, before the usage of non-synthetic antimicrobials, were analysed for the presence of resistance markers, and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility was obtained for a selection of 47 isolates. subspecies () isolates showed multiple phenotypic antimicrobial resistances compared to subspecies () isolates that were only intrinsic resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim. isolates showed elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations for cefotaxime and cefquinome that were observed in isolates from 1943 onwards, and isolates contained substitutions, which conferred resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistances to aminoglycosides, tetracycline and phenicols were linked to acquired ARGs on mobile genetic elements. A plasmid-derived (O) gene in a bovine isolate in 1999 was the first mobile genetic element observed, followed by detection of mobile elements containing (O) and (44)- genes, and a plasmid from a single human isolate in 2003, carrying and a chloramphenicol resistance gene (). The presence of ARGs in multiple mobile elements distributed among different lineages highlights the risk for spread and further emergence of AMR in . Surveillance for these resistances requires the establishment of ECOFFs for .
Topics: Humans; Animals; Cattle; Sheep; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter fetus; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genomics; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Evolution, Molecular
PubMed: 36862577
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000934 -
European Journal of Microbiology &... Dec 2023Campylobacter infections and campylobacteriosis-associated post-infectious sequelae are a significant global health burden that needs to be addressed from a specific... (Review)
Review
Campylobacter infections and campylobacteriosis-associated post-infectious sequelae are a significant global health burden that needs to be addressed from a specific African perspective. We conducted a comprehensive literature search on NCBI PubMed to compile a comprehensive narrative review article on Campylobacter infections in Africa, focusing on key aspects in human and veterinary medicine as well as food hygiene. We specifically focused on the epidemiology of enteropathogenic Campylobacter spp. in sub-Saharan and North Africa considering antimicrobial susceptibility. The most significant sequela resulting from molecular mimicry to Campylobacter surface structures is the Guillain-Barré syndrome, which was mainly examined in the context of limited studies conducted in African populations. A dedicated subsection is allocated to the limited research on the veterinary medically important species Campylobacter fetus. There are significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiome, especially in rural areas, which affect the colonization with Campylobacter spp. and the manifestation of campylobacteriosis. There may be a problem of overdiagnosis due to asymptomatic colonization, particularly in the detection of Campylobacter using molecular biological techniques. To reduce the colonization and infection rate of Campylobacter, we propose implementing several control measures and urge further research to improve the current understanding of the peculiarities of campylobacteriosis in Africa.
PubMed: 38051352
DOI: 10.1556/1886.2023.00043 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Dec 2017
Topics: Campylobacter fetus; Culture Media
PubMed: 29488554
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182017000600587 -
BMJ Case Reports Feb 2016This report describes a case of Campylobacter fetus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis and discusses the subsequent management. Although C. fetus has a tropism for...
This report describes a case of Campylobacter fetus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis and discusses the subsequent management. Although C. fetus has a tropism for vascular endothelium, infective endocarditis has rarely been reported. In this patient, despite initial optimal antimicrobial therapy, valve replacement was ultimately required due to ongoing infectious emboli to the brain in the setting of evidence of vegetation enlargement on echocardiogram. The prosthetic valve was replaced, the patient completed a 6-week course of parenteral antibiotics after surgical intervention and he made a full recovery with no long-term neurological sequelae. This case highlights the fact that despite the relatively low prevalence of C. fetus endocarditis, it is associated with a high degree of mortality and valve replacement is often indicated.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter fetus; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Male
PubMed: 26917729
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-212928 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2022The study of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) became relevant because of their probable important role in the transfer of virulence factors to host cells. Campylobacter...
The study of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) became relevant because of their probable important role in the transfer of virulence factors to host cells. Campylobacter fetus is mainly a mammal pathogen whose virulence characterization is still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to characterize the secretion of OMVs in this bacterium. By transmission electron microscopy, we confirmed the production of OMVs in all the strains assayed. Purified OMVs showed a spherical shape and variable size, although comparable to those of other gram-negative bacteria. We also confirmed the presence of the S-layer on the surface of the OMVs of all the strains assayed with the exception of those derived from the NTCC reference strain. In addition, we demonstrated their immunoreactivity by the dot-blot assay. Hence, C. fetus OMVs could contribute to the modulation of the host response and constitute a candidate to be evaluated as an adjuvant of current vaccines used in the veterinary field. This work represents a platform to drive future studies towards the role of these subcellular structures in C. fetus-host interaction.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Campylobacter fetus; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Mammals; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 34412928
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.06.001