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Emerging Infectious Diseases Nov 2023Campylobacter fetus accounts for 1% of Campylobacter spp. infections, but prevalence of bacteremia and risk for death are high. To determine clinical features of C.... (Review)
Review
Campylobacter fetus accounts for 1% of Campylobacter spp. infections, but prevalence of bacteremia and risk for death are high. To determine clinical features of C. fetus infections and risks for death, we conducted a retrospective observational study of all adult inpatients with a confirmed C. fetus infection in Nord Franche-Comté Hospital, Trevenans, France, during January 2000-December 2021. Among 991 patients with isolated Campylobacter spp. strains, we identified 39 (4%) with culture-positive C. fetus infections, of which 33 had complete records and underwent further analysis; 21 had documented bacteremia and 12 did not. Secondary localizations were reported for 7 (33%) patients with C. fetus bacteremia, of which 5 exhibited a predilection for vascular infections (including 3 with mycotic aneurysm). Another 7 (33%) patients with C. fetus bacteremia died within 30 days. Significant risk factors associated with death within 30 days were dyspnea, quick sequential organ failure assessment score >2 at admission, and septic shock.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Campylobacter fetus; France; Bacteremia; Campylobacter Infections; Dyspnea; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37877803
DOI: 10.3201/eid2911.230598 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jun 2014Campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal illness and, occasionally, severe systemic infections. Infections mainly affect persons at higher risk, including elderly and... (Review)
Review
Campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal illness and, occasionally, severe systemic infections. Infections mainly affect persons at higher risk, including elderly and immunocompromised individuals and those with occupational exposure to infected animals. Outbreaks are infrequent but have provided insight into sources. Source attribution of sporadic cases through case-control interviews has not been reported. The reservoirs for C. fetus are mainly cattle and sheep. Products from these animals are suspected as sources for human infections. Campylobacter fetus is rarely isolated from food, albeit selective isolation methods used in food microbiology are not suited for its detection. We hypothesize that the general population is regularly exposed to C. fetus through foods of animal origin, cross-contaminated foodstuffs, and perhaps other, as yet unidentified, routes. Campylobacter fetus infection should be suspected particularly in patients with nonspecific febrile illness who are immunocompromised or who may have been occupationally exposed to ruminants.
Topics: Animals; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter fetus; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Occupational Exposure; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Zoonoses
PubMed: 24550377
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu085 -
Microbial Genomics Mar 2023is a pathogen, which is primarily associated with fertility problems in sheep and cattle. In humans, it can cause severe infections that require antimicrobial...
is a pathogen, which is primarily associated with fertility problems in sheep and cattle. In humans, it can cause severe infections that require antimicrobial treatment. However, knowledge on the development of antimicrobial resistance in is limited. Moreover, the lack of epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and clinical breakpoints for hinders consistent reporting about wild-type and non-wild-type susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic susceptibility pattern of and to determine the resistome [the collection of all antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and their precursors] to describe the genomic basis of antimicrobial resistance in isolates over time. Whole-genome sequences of 295 . isolates, including isolates that were isolated in the period 1939 till the mid 1940s, before the usage of non-synthetic antimicrobials, were analysed for the presence of resistance markers, and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility was obtained for a selection of 47 isolates. subspecies () isolates showed multiple phenotypic antimicrobial resistances compared to subspecies () isolates that were only intrinsic resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim. isolates showed elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations for cefotaxime and cefquinome that were observed in isolates from 1943 onwards, and isolates contained substitutions, which conferred resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistances to aminoglycosides, tetracycline and phenicols were linked to acquired ARGs on mobile genetic elements. A plasmid-derived (O) gene in a bovine isolate in 1999 was the first mobile genetic element observed, followed by detection of mobile elements containing (O) and (44)- genes, and a plasmid from a single human isolate in 2003, carrying and a chloramphenicol resistance gene (). The presence of ARGs in multiple mobile elements distributed among different lineages highlights the risk for spread and further emergence of AMR in . Surveillance for these resistances requires the establishment of ECOFFs for .
Topics: Humans; Animals; Cattle; Sheep; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter fetus; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genomics; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Evolution, Molecular
PubMed: 36862577
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000934 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2022The study of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) became relevant because of their probable important role in the transfer of virulence factors to host cells. Campylobacter...
The study of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) became relevant because of their probable important role in the transfer of virulence factors to host cells. Campylobacter fetus is mainly a mammal pathogen whose virulence characterization is still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to characterize the secretion of OMVs in this bacterium. By transmission electron microscopy, we confirmed the production of OMVs in all the strains assayed. Purified OMVs showed a spherical shape and variable size, although comparable to those of other gram-negative bacteria. We also confirmed the presence of the S-layer on the surface of the OMVs of all the strains assayed with the exception of those derived from the NTCC reference strain. In addition, we demonstrated their immunoreactivity by the dot-blot assay. Hence, C. fetus OMVs could contribute to the modulation of the host response and constitute a candidate to be evaluated as an adjuvant of current vaccines used in the veterinary field. This work represents a platform to drive future studies towards the role of these subcellular structures in C. fetus-host interaction.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Campylobacter fetus; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Mammals; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 34412928
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.06.001 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Sep 2021Campylobacter fetus is a rare pathogen in humans. It mainly causes invasive infections in immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we report the first case of cervical... (Review)
Review
Campylobacter fetus is a rare pathogen in humans. It mainly causes invasive infections in immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we report the first case of cervical vertebral osteomyelitis in a previously healthy man with a history of daily alcohol consumption. Treatment was given for six weeks with excellent clinical recovery and normalization of laboratory markers.
Topics: Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter fetus; Humans; Male; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 34454173
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.017 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Dec 2017
Topics: Campylobacter fetus; Culture Media
PubMed: 29488554
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182017000600587 -
BMJ Case Reports Feb 2016This report describes a case of Campylobacter fetus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis and discusses the subsequent management. Although C. fetus has a tropism for...
This report describes a case of Campylobacter fetus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis and discusses the subsequent management. Although C. fetus has a tropism for vascular endothelium, infective endocarditis has rarely been reported. In this patient, despite initial optimal antimicrobial therapy, valve replacement was ultimately required due to ongoing infectious emboli to the brain in the setting of evidence of vegetation enlargement on echocardiogram. The prosthetic valve was replaced, the patient completed a 6-week course of parenteral antibiotics after surgical intervention and he made a full recovery with no long-term neurological sequelae. This case highlights the fact that despite the relatively low prevalence of C. fetus endocarditis, it is associated with a high degree of mortality and valve replacement is often indicated.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter fetus; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Male
PubMed: 26917729
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-212928 -
Gene Oct 2012The genus Campylobacter contains pathogens causing a wide range of diseases, targeting both humans and animals. Among them, the Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The genus Campylobacter contains pathogens causing a wide range of diseases, targeting both humans and animals. Among them, the Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and venerealis deserve special attention, as they are the etiological agents of human bacterial gastroenteritis and bovine genital campylobacteriosis, respectively. We compare the whole genomes of both subspecies to get insights into genomic architecture, phylogenetic relationships, genome conservation and core virulence factors. Pan-genomic approach was applied to identify the core- and pan-genome for both C. fetus subspecies and members of the genus. The C. fetus subspecies conserved (76%) proteome were then analyzed for their subcellular localization and protein functions in biological processes. Furthermore, with pathogenomic strategies, unique candidate regions in the genomes and several potential core-virulence factors were identified. The potential candidate factors identified for attenuation and/or subunit vaccine development against C. fetus subspecies contain: nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk), type IV secretion systems (T4SS), outer membrane proteins (OMP), substrate binding proteins CjaA and CjaC, surface array proteins, sap gene, and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Significantly, many of those genes were found in genomic regions with signals of horizontal gene transfer and, therefore, predicted as putative pathogenicity islands. We found CRISPR loci and dam genes in an island specific for C. fetus subsp. fetus, and T4SS and sap genes in an island specific for C. fetus subsp. venerealis. The genomic variations and potential core and unique virulence factors characterized in this study would lead to better insight into the species virulence and to more efficient use of the candidates for antibiotic, drug and vaccine development.
Topics: Animals; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter fetus; Cattle; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Genomic Islands; Humans; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 22890137
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.070 -
PloS One 2016The features contributing to differences in pathogenicity of the Campylobacter fetus subspecies are unknown. Putative factors involved in pathogenesis are located in...
The features contributing to differences in pathogenicity of the Campylobacter fetus subspecies are unknown. Putative factors involved in pathogenesis are located in genomic islands that encode a type IV secretion system (T4SS) and fic domain (filamentation induced by cyclic AMP) proteins, which may disrupt host cell processes. In the genomes of 27 C. fetus strains, three phylogenetically-different T4SS-encoding regions (T4SSs) were identified: one was located in both the chromosome and in extra-chromosomal plasmids; one was located exclusively in the chromosome; and one exclusively in extra-chromosomal plasmids. We observed that C. fetus strains can contain multiple T4SSs and that homologous T4SSs can be present both in chromosomal genomic islands (GI) and on plasmids in the C. fetus strains. The GIs of the chromosomally located T4SS differed mainly by the presence of fic genes, insertion sequence elements and phage-related or hypothetical proteins. Comparative analysis showed that T4SS sequences, inserted in the same locations, were conserved in the studied C. fetus genomes. Using phylogenetic analysis of the T4SSs, it was shown that C. fetus may have acquired the T4SS regions from other Campylobacter species by horizontal gene transfer. The identified T4SSs and fic genes were found in Cff and Cfv strains, although the presence of T4SSs and fic genes were significantly associated with Cfv strains. The T4SSs and fic genes could not be associated with S-layer serotypes or geographical origin of the strains.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Campylobacter fetus; Genome, Bacterial; Phylogeny; Plasmids
PubMed: 27049518
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152832 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024Campylobacter fetus comprises two closely related mammal-associated subspecies: Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv)....
Campylobacter fetus comprises two closely related mammal-associated subspecies: Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv). The latter causes bovine genital campylobacteriosis, a sexually-transmitted disease endemic in Spain that results in significant economic losses in the cattle industry. Here, 33 C. fetus Spanish isolates were whole-genome sequenced and compared with 62 publicly available C. fetus genomes from other countries. Genome-based taxonomic identification revealed high concordance with in silico PCR, confirming Spanish isolates as Cff (n = 4), Cfv (n = 9) and Cfv biovar intermedius (Cfvi, n = 20). MLST analysis assigned the Spanish isolates to 6 STs, including three novel: ST-76 and ST-77 for Cfv and ST-78 for Cff. Core genome SNP phylogenetic analysis of the 95 genomes identified multiple clusters, revealing associations at subspecies and biovar level between genomes with the same ST and separating the Cfvi genomes from Spain and other countries. A genome-wide association study identified pqqL as a Cfv-specific gene and a potential candidate for more accurate identification methods. Functionality analysis revealed variations in the accessory genome of C. fetus subspecies and biovars that deserve further studies. These results provide valuable information about the regional variants of C. fetus present in Spain and the genetic diversity and predicted functionality of the different subspecies.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Male; Pregnancy; Female; Campylobacter fetus; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Phylogeny; Genome-Wide Association Study; Campylobacter Infections; Mammals; Cattle Diseases; Campylobacter
PubMed: 38388650
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54750-1