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Genes & Diseases Jul 2023Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a new mode of intercellular crosstalk and are responsible for many of the...
Extracellular vesicles derived from human dental mesenchymal stem cells stimulated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound alleviate inflammation-induced bone loss in a mouse model of periodontitis.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a new mode of intercellular crosstalk and are responsible for many of the therapeutic effects of MSCs. To promote the application of MSC-EVs, recent studies have focused on the manipulation of MSCs to improve the production of EVs and EV-mediated activities. The current paper details an optimization method using non-invasive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as the stimulation for improving oral MSC-EV production and effectiveness. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), a type of oral mesenchymal stem cell, displayed intensity-dependent pro-osteogenic and anti-inflammatory responses to LIPUS without significant cytotoxicity or apoptosis. The stimuli increased the secretion of EVs by promoting the expression of neutral sphingomyelinases in SCAP. In addition, EVs from LIPUS-induced SCAP exhibited stronger efficacy in promoting the osteogenic differentiation and anti-inflammation of periodontal ligament cells and alleviating oral inflammatory bone loss . In addition, LIPUS stimulation affected the physical characteristics and miRNA cargo of SCAP-EVs. Further investigations indicated that miR-935 is an important mediator of the pro-osteogenic and anti-inflammatory capabilities of LIPUS-induced SCAP-EVs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that LIPUS is a simple and effective physical method to optimize SCAP-EV production and efficacy.
PubMed: 37397561
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.06.009 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2021This review aimed to concisely describe the current aesthetic objective indices for a single-implant maxillary anterior crown. The secondary aim was to propose... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This review aimed to concisely describe the current aesthetic objective indices for a single-implant maxillary anterior crown. The secondary aim was to propose introducing a unified, standardized questionnaire for adequately collecting patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in implant dentistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature review was conducted using both EMBASE/Ovid and MEDLINE/PubMed databases by combining keywords and Emtree/Mesh terms related to "Esthetics," "Self-Assessment or Surveys and Questionnaires," and "Single-Tooth Dental Implants."
RESULTS
The most meaningful aesthetic objective indices for single implants in the literature are the Pink Esthetic Score (PES), the Papilla Presence Index (PPI), Peri-Implant and Crown Index (PICI), PES/White Esthetic Score (PES/WES), the Implant Crown Aesthetic Index (ICAI), and a modified version of the ICAI (mod-ICAI) index. Clearly, PES/WES is still the most widely accepted tool. It is encouraging to observe that there is an increasing tendency in recent years to report PROMs more frequently in the implant dentistry literature. We proposed the implementation of a unified, standardized questionnaire using a self-administered visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring system, which evaluates overall satisfaction, comfort, tooth appearance, gingival appearance, function, and hygiene complexity. This tool should be validated in the oral implantology research context for its regular implementation or further development.
CONCLUSIONS
Conducting qualitative studies among dental implant patients who received few implants or single-tooth implant reconstructions in the aesthetic zone may help dental researchers understand better how to efficiently develop and validate a quantitative instrument. This standard tool would reduce heterogeneity bias by providing comparable data between studies.
PubMed: 33708255
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6684028 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2022Primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a rare, mixed odontogenic neoplasm composed of spindled and stellate-shaped cells in myxoid stroma resembling dental papilla,...
Primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a rare, mixed odontogenic neoplasm composed of spindled and stellate-shaped cells in myxoid stroma resembling dental papilla, surfaced by cuboidal-to-columnar odontogenic epithelium. Most POTs present in the posterior mandible as a well-demarcated radiolucency associated with a developing tooth in children and adolescents. POT is treated conservatively with no recurrences documented to-date. To describe the clinicopathological features of a recurrent POT. A 19-year-old female presented with an asymptomatic swelling, and panoramic radiograph revealed a multiloculated radiolucency in the mandibular body and ramus, with buccal and lingual perforation. The tumor was composed of plump spindle and stellate cells in a delicately collagenous and myxoid stroma, surfaced by columnar epithelial cells with reverse nuclear polarization. There was extensive epithelial proliferation forming invaginations within the tumor mass and organoid/enamel organ-like structures with enameloid-like deposits, dentinoid, and dystrophic calcifications. This was similar to the POT that had been excised four years prior from the same location. The patient underwent hemi-mandibulectomy and currently is free of disease at a thirteen-month follow-up. This report describes the first recurrent POT exhibiting extensive epithelial proliferation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Mandible; Odontogenic Tumors; Young Adult
PubMed: 34224080
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01354-0 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy May 2020Advances in regenerative medicine with stem cells have led to clinical trials. Dental/oral tissues are emerging as promising cellular sources of human mesenchymal stem... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Advances in regenerative medicine with stem cells have led to clinical trials. Dental/oral tissues are emerging as promising cellular sources of human mesenchymal stem cells. Recently, dental tissue-derived cells have been used clinically due to their great potential, easy accessibility, and ability to be obtained via methods with low invasiveness. The aim of this study is to systematically assess the clinical effectiveness of dental cell-mediated therapies compared to current evidence-based methods in human patients.
METHODS
The electronic databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to December 2019 for clinical trials. Clinical trials with any intervention using stem cells/cells derived from dental tissue were included.
RESULTS
A total of 815 studies were identified by the electronic search, and 38 articles qualified for full-text evaluation. Finally, 20 studies (10 clinical trials using dental pulp-derived cells, 3 clinical trials using periodontal ligament-derived cells, and 7 studies using gingiva-derived cells) were included in this review. No clinical trials using dental follicle- or apical papilla-derived cells were selected in this review. Dental pulp-derived cells were used in clinical trials for bone regeneration, periodontitis, and dental pulp regeneration. All clinical trials using periodontal ligament-derived cells and gingiva-derived cells were conducted for periodontal disease treatment and gingival augmentation, respectively. Among the 20 selected studies, 16 showed clinical benefits of cell transplantation therapies. In addition, no study reported adverse events that may have been associated with cell transplantation.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate that dental tissue-derived cells would be useful for cell-based regenerative medicine for various diseases.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Pulp; Gingiva; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Periodontal Ligament; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 32398041
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01683-x -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2021Access to apical root canal system is gained after flap elevation using various incision techniques. Soft-tissue healing after periradicular surgery may include gingival... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Access to apical root canal system is gained after flap elevation using various incision techniques. Soft-tissue healing after periradicular surgery may include gingival recession, papilla recession, changes in probing depth, and clinical attachment loss.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of full sulcular flap design versus papilla-sparing flap design on the periodontal parameters in periradicular surgeries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
It was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic and manual searches were conducted in multiple databases including PubMed, Dental and Oral Sciences, Cochrane, and CINAHL Plus until May 2019. Initial search yielded 2575 studies with 5 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes assessed were gingival recession and change in the papilla height. The secondary outcomes evaluated were probing depth, clinical attachment loss, postoperative pain, bleeding, and discomfort. Random-effects model was employed for computation of effect size, and forest plots were made.
RESULTS
Out of the five articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria, three were randomized control trials and two were nonrandom trials. No significant differences were found in the gingival recession ( = 0.79), papilla height ( = 0.55), gingival bleeding, and plaque indices. Statistically significant differences in probing depth ( = 0.006) and clinical attachment loss ( = 0.0004) were observed for the two flap designs in probing depth ( = 0.006) and clinical attachment loss ( = 0.0004).
CONCLUSIONS
The present systematic review and meta-analysis showed that probing depth and attachment loss are affected by the choice of flap design. On the other hand, gingival recession and papilla height are not influenced by the type of incision. However, finding of the present review may change if more studies on this topic will be included in the future. Therefore, more clinical trials with long-term follow-ups are needed.
PubMed: 34158683
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_290_20 -
Cell and Tissue Research Feb 2021The dental pulp, a non-mineralized connective tissue uniquely encased within the cavity of the tooth, provides a niche for diverse arrays of dental mesenchymal stem... (Review)
Review
The dental pulp, a non-mineralized connective tissue uniquely encased within the cavity of the tooth, provides a niche for diverse arrays of dental mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cells in the dental pulp, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), have been isolated from human tissues with an emphasis on their potential application to regenerative therapies. Recent studies utilizing mouse genetic models shed light on the identities of these mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from neural crest cells (NCCs) in their native conditions, particularly regarding how they contribute to homeostasis and repair of the dental tissue. The current concept is that at least two distinct niches for stem cells exist in the dental pulp, e.g., the perivascular niche and the perineural niche. The precise identities of these stem cells and their niches are now beginning to be unraveled thanks to sophisticated mouse genetic models, which lead to better understanding of the fundamental properties of stem cells in the dental pulp and the apical papilla in humans. The new knowledge will be highly instrumental for developing more effective stem cell-based regenerative therapies to repair teeth in the future.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Mice; Models, Genetic; Stem Cell Niche; Stem Cells
PubMed: 32803323
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03271-0 -
Biomaterials Translational 2022The teeth and their supporting tissues provide an easily accessible source of oral stem cells. These different stem cell populations have been extensively studied for... (Review)
Review
The teeth and their supporting tissues provide an easily accessible source of oral stem cells. These different stem cell populations have been extensively studied for their properties, such as high plasticity and clonogenicity, expressing stem cell markers and potency for multilineage differentiation in vitro. Such cells with stem cell properties have been derived and characterised from the dental pulp tissue, the apical papilla region of roots in development, as well as the supporting tissue of periodontal ligament that anchors the tooth within the alveolar socket and the soft gingival tissue. Studying the dental pulp stem cell populations in a continuously growing mouse incisor model, as a traceable in vivo model, enables the researchers to study the properties, origin and behaviour of mesenchymal stem cells. On the other side, the oral mucosa with its remarkable scarless wound healing phenotype, offers a model to study a well-coordinated system of healing because of coordinated actions between epithelial, mesenchymal and immune cells populations. Although described as homogeneous cell populations following their in vitro expansion, the increasing application of approaches that allow tracing of individual cells over time, along with single-cell RNA-sequencing, reveal that different oral stem cells are indeed diverse populations and there is a highly organised map of cell populations according to their location in resident tissues, elucidating diverse stem cell niches within the oral tissues. This review covers the current knowledge of diverse oral stem cells, focusing on the new approaches in studying these cells. These approaches "decode" and "map" the resident cells populations of diverse oral tissues and contribute to a better understanding of the "stem cells niche architecture and interactions. Considering the high accessibility and simplicity in obtaining these diverse stem cells, the new findings offer potential in development of translational tissue engineering approaches and innovative therapeutic solutions.
PubMed: 35837342
DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.01.004 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Apr 2022Traumatic spinal cord injury is an overwhelming condition that strongly and suddenly impacts the patient's life and her/his entourage. There are currently no predictable...
Traumatic spinal cord injury is an overwhelming condition that strongly and suddenly impacts the patient's life and her/his entourage. There are currently no predictable treatments to repair the spinal cord, while many strategies are proposed and evaluated by researchers throughout the world. One of the most promising avenues is the transplantation of stem cells, although its therapeutic efficiency is limited by several factors, among which cell survival at the lesion site. In our previous study, we showed that the implantation of a human dental apical papilla, residence of stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP), supported functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord hemisection. In this study, we employed protein multiplex, immunohistochemistry, cytokine arrays, RT- qPCR, and RNAseq technology to decipher the mechanism by which the dental papilla promotes repair of the injured spinal cord. We found that the apical papilla reduced inflammation at the lesion site, had a neuroprotective effect on motoneurons, and increased the apoptosis of activated macrophages/ microglia. This therapeutic effect is likely driven by the secretome of the implanted papilla since it is known to secrete an entourage of immunomodulatory or pro-angiogenic factors. Therefore, we hypothesize that the secreted molecules were mainly produced by SCAP, and that by anchoring and protecting them, the human papilla provides a protective niche ensuring that SCAP could exert their therapeutic actions. Therapeutic abilities of the papilla were demonstrated in the scope of spinal cord injury but could very well be beneficial to other types of tissue.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Microglia; Rats; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Spinal Cord Regeneration; Stem Cells
PubMed: 35445984
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04210-8 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2019Soft tissue defects around dental implants, such as papilla or volume loss, peri-implant recession and alterations of the ridge color and/or texture, lead to esthetic... (Review)
Review
Soft tissue defects around dental implants, such as papilla or volume loss, peri-implant recession and alterations of the ridge color and/or texture, lead to esthetic and functional complaints. Treatments of these defects in implants are more demanding than in teeth because peri-implant tissue exhibits different anatomical and histological characteristics. This narrative review discusses the proposed treatments for soft tissue defects around implants in the current literature. Several clinical and pre-clinical studies addressed methods to augment the quantity of the peri-implant keratinized mucosa. Autogenous grafts performed better than soft tissue substitutes in the treatment of soft tissue defects, but there is no clinical consensus on the more appropriate donor area for connective tissue grafts. Treatment for facial volume loss, alterations on the mucosa color or texture and shallow peri-implant recessions are more predictable than deep recessions and sites that present loss of papilla. Correction of peri-implant soft tissue defects may be challenging, especially in areas that exhibit larger defects and interproximal loss. Therefore, the regeneration of soft and hard tissues during implant treatment is important to prevent the occurrence of these alterations.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Bone-Anchored Prosthesis; Bone-Implant Interface; Dental Implants; Face; Gingival Recession; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31576957
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0073 -
Communications Biology Nov 2022Here we show that intradermal injection of keratin promotes hair growth in mice, which results from extracellular interaction of keratin with hair forming cells....
Here we show that intradermal injection of keratin promotes hair growth in mice, which results from extracellular interaction of keratin with hair forming cells. Extracellular application of keratin induces condensation of dermal papilla cells and the generation of a P-cadherin-expressing cell population (hair germ) from outer root sheath cells via keratin-mediated microenvironmental changes. Exogenous keratin-mediated hair growth is reflected by the finding that keratin exposure from transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ2)-induced apoptotic outer root sheath cells appears to be critical for dermal papilla cell condensation and P-cadherin-expressing hair germ formation. Immunodepletion or downregulation of keratin released from or expressed in TGFβ2-induced apoptotic outer root sheath cells negatively influences dermal papilla cell condensation and hair germ formation. Our pilot study provides an evidence on initiating hair regeneration and insight into the biological function of keratin exposed from apoptotic epithelial cells in tissue regeneration and development.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Keratins; Pilot Projects; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Hair; Cadherins
PubMed: 36402892
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04232-9