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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Aug 2015Dental stem cells have recently become one of the widely researched areas in dentistry. Ever since the identification of stem cells from various dental tissues like... (Review)
Review
Dental stem cells have recently become one of the widely researched areas in dentistry. Ever since the identification of stem cells from various dental tissues like deciduous teeth, dental papilla, periodontal ligament and third molars, storing them for future use for various clinical applications was being explored. Dental stem cells were harvested and isolated using various techniques by different investigators and laboratories. This article explains the technical aspects of preparing the patient, atraumatic and aseptic removal of the tooth and its safe transportation and preservation for future expansion.
PubMed: 26538883
DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.163461 -
European Review For Medical and... Jul 2019The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on mitochondria of dental papilla cells (DPCs) during the odontogenic differentiation process.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on mitochondria of dental papilla cells (DPCs) during the odontogenic differentiation process.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Primary DPCs were obtained from the first molar dental papilla of neonatal rats and cultured in osteogenic (OS) or basal medium supplemented with melatonin at different concentrations (0, 1 pM, 0.1 nM, 10 nM, and 1 μM) for differentiation in vitro. Effects of melatonin on differentiation, mitochondrial respiratory function, and mitochondrial biogenesis of DPCs were analyzed.
RESULTS
Upon odontogenic induction, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein (DMP1) expression were significantly enhanced, with a peaked expression at 10 nM of melatonin treatment. During DPCs differentiation, 10 nM melatonin could significantly induce the increase of intracellular Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the decrease of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH ratio and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were significantly increased, and the peak level of expression was found in cells treated with 10 nM of melatonin. Furthermore, the mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number was significantly decreased during DPCs differentiation.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that melatonin can promote the differentiation of rat DPCs and regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism, ROS scavenging, and mitochondrial biogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Papilla; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Melatonin; Mitochondria; Organelle Biogenesis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 31298348
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201907_18343 -
World Journal of Stem Cells Nov 2021Regenerative endodontics (RE) therapy means physiologically replacing damaged pulp tissue and regaining functional dentin-pulp complex. Current clinical RE procedures... (Review)
Review
Regenerative endodontics (RE) therapy means physiologically replacing damaged pulp tissue and regaining functional dentin-pulp complex. Current clinical RE procedures recruit endogenous stem cells from the apical papilla, periodontal tissue, bone marrow and peripheral blood, with or without application of scaffolds and growth factors in the root canal space, resulting in cementum-like and bone-like tissue formation. Without the involvement of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), it is unlikely that functional pulp regeneration can be achieved, even though acceptable repair can be acquired. DPSCs, due to their specific odontogenic potential, high proliferation, neurovascular property, and easy accessibility, are considered as the most eligible cell source for dentin-pulp regeneration. The regenerative potential of DPSCs has been demonstrated by recent clinical progress. DPSC transplantation following pulpectomy has successfully reconstructed neurovascularized pulp that simulates the physiological structure of natural pulp. The self-renewal, proliferation, and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs are under the control of a cascade of transcription factors. Over recent decades, epigenetic modulations implicating histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding (nc)RNAs have manifested as a new layer of gene regulation. These modulations exhibit a profound effect on the cellular activities of DPSCs. In this review, we offer an overview about epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs; in particular, on the proliferation, odontogenic differentiation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. We emphasize recent discoveries of epigenetic molecules that can alter DPSC status and promote pulp regeneration through manipulation over epigenetic profiles.
PubMed: 34909116
DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1647 -
The Japanese Dental Science Review Nov 2020The establishment of regenerative therapy in endodontics targeting the dentin-pulp complex, cementum, periodontal ligament tissue, and alveolar bone will provide... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The establishment of regenerative therapy in endodontics targeting the dentin-pulp complex, cementum, periodontal ligament tissue, and alveolar bone will provide valuable information to preserve teeth. It is well known that the application of stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and somatic stem cells is effective in regenerative medicine. There are many somatic stem cells in teeth and periodontal tissues including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from the apical papilla, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Particularly, several studies have reported the regeneration of clinical pulp tissue and alveolar bone by DPSCs transplantation. However, further scientific issues for practical implementation remain to be addressed. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts as a bioactive signaling molecule that has multiple biological functions including cellular differentiation, and has been shown to be responsible for bone resorption and formation. Here we discuss a strategy for bone regeneration and a possibility for regenerative endodontics targeting S1P signaling pathway as one of approaches for induction of regeneration by improving the regenerative capacity of endogenous cells.
SCIENTIFIC FIELD OF DENTAL SCIENCE
Endodontology.
PubMed: 33088365
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.09.002 -
Theranostics 2020Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) plays indispensable roles in tooth root development, including controlling the shape and number of roots, dentin formation, and...
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) plays indispensable roles in tooth root development, including controlling the shape and number of roots, dentin formation, and helping generate the cementum. Based on these characteristics, HERS cell is a potential seed cell type for tooth-related tissue regeneration. However, the application is severely limited by a lack of appropriate culture methods and small cell numbers. Here, we constructed a 3D culture method to expand functional HERS cells into spheroids, and investigated characteristics and application of dental tissue regeneration of these spheroids. HERS spheroids and HERS cells (2D monolayer culture) were compared in terms of biological characteristics (such as proliferation, self-renewal capacity, and stemness) and functions (including differentiation potential and inductive ability of dentin formation) both and . Further, transcriptome analysis was utilized to reveal the molecular mechanisms of their obvious differences. HERS spheroids showed obvious superiority in biological characteristics and functions compared to 2D monolayers of HERS cells . , HERS spheroids generated more mineralized tissue; when combined with dental papilla cells (DPCs), HERS spheroids contributed to dentin-like tissue formation. Moreover, the generation and expansion of HERS spheroids rely to some degree on the HIF-1 pathway. HERS spheroid generation is beneficial for functional HERS cell expansion and can provide a useful cell source for further tooth regeneration and mechanistic research. Notably, HIF-1 pathway plays a critical role in HERS spheroid formation and function.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cell Self Renewal; Dentin; Epithelial Cells; Female; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; Models, Animal; Odontogenesis; Primary Cell Culture; Rats; Regeneration; Regenerative Endodontics; Spheroids, Cellular; Stem Cells; Tooth Root
PubMed: 32642002
DOI: 10.7150/thno.44782 -
Journal of Oral Science Oct 2022Primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a rare mixed odontogenic tumor composed of primitive ectomesenchyme similar to the dental papilla. The outer surface consists of...
Primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a rare mixed odontogenic tumor composed of primitive ectomesenchyme similar to the dental papilla. The outer surface consists of columnar/cuboidal odontogenic epithelium similar to the inner enamel epithelium, and there is no hard tissue formation. Until now, 27 cases have been reported in the English literature. This article describes the clinicopathological characteristics of one case of POT, representing the oldest patient (aged 26 years) reported to date.
Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Epithelium; Humans; Jaw Neoplasms; Male; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 36070922
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.22-0028 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2021circular RNAs (circRNAs) is a broad and diverse endogenous subfamily of non-coding RNAs, regulating the gene expression by acting as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge. However,...
circular RNAs (circRNAs) is a broad and diverse endogenous subfamily of non-coding RNAs, regulating the gene expression by acting as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge. However, the biological functions of circRNAs in odontoblast differentiation remain largely unknown. Our preliminary study identified an unknown mouse circRNA by circRNA sequencing generated from mouse dental papilla and we termed it circKLF4. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR and hybridization were used and demonstrated that circKLF4 was upregulated during odontoblastic differentiation. Gene knockdown and overexpression assays indicated that circKLF4 promoted odontoblastic differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs). Mechanistically, we found that circKLF4 increased the linear KLF4 expression in a microRNA-dependent manner. By mutating the binding sites of microRNA and circKLF4, we further confirmed that circKLF4 acted as sponge of miRNA-1895 and miRNA-5046 to promote the expression of KLF4. We then also found that ENDOGLIN was also up-regulated by circKLF4 by transfection of circKLF4 overexpression plasmids with or without microRNA inhibitor. In conclusion, circKLF4 increases the expression of KLF4 and ENDOGLIN to promote odontoblastic differentiation sponging miRNA-1895 and miRNA-5046.
PubMed: 35222058
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.760223 -
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2018Dental esthetics has become a great concern for both dental practitioners and patients in addition to maintaining oral health. The presence of interproximal papillae...
BACKGROUND
Dental esthetics has become a great concern for both dental practitioners and patients in addition to maintaining oral health. The presence of interproximal papillae between the maxillary anterior teeth is a key esthetic component. Recession of interdental papilla leads to various functional problems such as food impaction, phonetics and esthetic problems such as the formation of black triangle which poses a great challenge.
AIM
This study aims to evaluate the augmentation of interdental papilla with platelet-rich fibrin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 25 sites from systemically healthy individuals with papillary recession (Nordland and Tarnow class 1 and 2) were recruited in the study. Han and Takei procedure was planned and augmentation was done with platelet-rich fibrin. Various parameters such as distance from the tip of the contact point to the gingival margin, width of the keratinized gingiva, and Jemt score were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Healing index was measured at the 1, 2, and 3 week postoperatively.
RESULTS
Data collected were statistically analyzed. Mean value of distance from the contact point to the gingival margin was 4.38 mm at baseline and at 6-month postoperatively, it reduced to 0.36 mm. There was an increase in width of the keratinized gingiva which was clinically and statistically significant. Other parameters such as healing index, Jemt score, and visual analog scale (aesthetics) were also statistically significant postoperatively.
PubMed: 29875563
DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_812_17 -
Cureus Mar 2023A patient's ability to maintain a healthy bone-implant interface seems to be a major predictor of implant longevity over the long term. The implant surface is protected...
BACKGROUND
A patient's ability to maintain a healthy bone-implant interface seems to be a major predictor of implant longevity over the long term. The implant surface is protected from the oral environment, the bone, and the implant itself by the peri-implant tissues. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been shown to help in the regeneration of bone and other connective tissues. Since there has been inadequate information on the role of PRF in maintaining soft tissue integrity and crestal bone changes, the present study aimed to evaluate these challenges clinically and radiographically in human patients who had dental implants placed with PRF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
There were a total of 15 patients who were recalled for the analysis, and they were split into two groups. PRF was used to complete the implant procedure in the experimental group, but PRF was not used in the control group. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate the amount of alveolar bone prior to dental implant placement and intra-oral periapical radiograph (IOPAR) for postoperative assessment. Gingival index, plaque index, probing depths, papilla bleeding index, and crestal bone changes were used to document clinical limits. IOPAR using a similar approach was used to evaluate the crestal bone level alterations. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically for changes in the peri-implant soft tissue and crestal bone during implant placement, six and nine months postoperatively.
RESULTS
From baseline (p=0.02) to six months (p=0.04) and nine months (p=0.04), both groups showed changes in crestal bone loss and soft tissue although the changes in the test group were smaller. Soft tissue changes showed significant differences for probing depth and papilla index score at baseline and at the end of the six and nine months (p<0.05), whereas no significant difference was noted with bleeding index and plaque index score during the follow-up (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION
To conclude, the provided data demonstrated that the local injection of PRF during implant placement has the potential to favorably stimulate bone formation, and may be used as a therapeutic adjuvant in the clinical setting of implant placement.
PubMed: 37128513
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36908 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are used to regulate the microenvironment of nerve defects. KDM6B, which functions as an H3K27me3 demethylase, is known to...
Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are used to regulate the microenvironment of nerve defects. KDM6B, which functions as an H3K27me3 demethylase, is known to play a crucial role in neurogenesis. However, the mechanism by which KDM6B influences the neurogenesis potential of SCAPs remains unclear. We evaluated the expression of neural markers in SCAPs by using real-time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. To assess the effectiveness of SCAP transplantation in the SCI model, we used the BBB scale to evaluate motor function. Additionally, toluidine blue staining and Immunofluorescence staining of NCAM, NEFM, β-III-tubulin, and Nestin were used to assess nerve tissue remodeling. Further analysis was conducted through Microarray analysis and ChIP assay to study the molecular mechanisms. Our results show that KDM6B inhibits the expression of NeuroD, TH, β-III tubulin, and Nestin. In vivo studies indicate that the SCAP-KDM6Bsh group is highly effective in restoring spinal cord structure and motor function in rats suffering from SCI. Our findings suggest that KDM6B directly binds to the HES1 promoter via regulating H3K27me3 and HES1 expression. In conclusion, our study can help understand the regulatory role of KDM6B in neurogenesis and provide more effective treatments for nerve injury.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Histones; Nestin; Cell Differentiation; Tubulin; Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Dental Papilla; Cells, Cultured; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 37445785
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310608