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Clinical and Experimental Dental... Feb 2019Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a frequent worldwide disease. There are currently more than 46 million people who suffer this disease in North America and the Caribbean. The...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a frequent worldwide disease. There are currently more than 46 million people who suffer this disease in North America and the Caribbean. The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between DM and the presence of iron precipitates (Fe) in dental structure. The third molar was extracted for reasons that merit extraction from 40 individuals with and without DM to analyze dentin tissue. Horizontal and longitudinal slices of tooth samples were made and later stained with 10% potassium cyanoferrate. The samples were observed by optical microscope to identify basophilic elements. A nonparametric Spearman correlation was performed to find an association between the quantitative (gender, group, and dentinal tissue) and qualitative variables (gender). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to find differences in the means of the nonparametric variables in two different groups in relation to the value (<0.05). Iron elements were found in the predentin and circumpulpal dentin areas, and the results obtained showed a statistically significant difference between dentin tissue from patients with diabetes and those without. Individuals with Type 2 DM are prone to present iron precipitates in predentin and circumpulpal dentin tissue. Few iron elements were found in dental organs of individuals without DM.
Topics: Adult; Biomineralization; Case-Control Studies; Dentin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Iron; Microscopy; Molar, Third; Tooth; Tooth Root; Young Adult
PubMed: 30847229
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.150 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2018Dental calculus (calcified dental plaque) is prevalent in archaeological skeletal collections and is a rich source of oral microbiome and host-derived ancient...
Dental calculus (calcified dental plaque) is prevalent in archaeological skeletal collections and is a rich source of oral microbiome and host-derived ancient biomolecules. Recently, it has been proposed that dental calculus may provide a more robust environment for DNA preservation than other skeletal remains, but this has not been systematically tested. In this study, shotgun-sequenced data from paired dental calculus and dentin samples from 48 globally distributed individuals are compared using a metagenomic approach. Overall, we find DNA from dental calculus is consistently more abundant and less contaminated than DNA from dentin. The majority of DNA in dental calculus is microbial and originates from the oral microbiome; however, a small but consistent proportion of DNA (mean 0.08 ± 0.08%, range 0.007-0.47%) derives from the host genome. Host DNA content within dentin is variable (mean 13.70 ± 18.62%, range 0.003-70.14%), and for a subset of dentin samples (15.21%), oral bacteria contribute > 20% of total DNA. Human DNA in dental calculus is highly fragmented, and is consistently shorter than both microbial DNA in dental calculus and human DNA in paired dentin samples. Finally, we find that microbial DNA fragmentation patterns are associated with guanine-cytosine (GC) content, but not aspects of cellular structure.
Topics: Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Calculus; Dentin; Humans; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Preservation, Biological
PubMed: 29959351
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28091-9 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2021This study evaluated the influence of bioactive plant extracts as dentin biomodifying agents to improve the longevity of bonded restorations. For that, plant extracts...
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the influence of bioactive plant extracts as dentin biomodifying agents to improve the longevity of bonded restorations. For that, plant extracts were applied to the dentin surface prior to the adhesive system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bovine incisors were ground flat to obtain 2 mm thick slices in which conical preparations were made ( = 10). Tannin-containing plant extracts were applied to dentin before the application of the restorative system, as follows: control group (untreated, CTL), chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX), mastruz ( MTZ), cat's claw ( CTC), guarana (, GUA), galla chinensis (, GCH), and tannic acid (extracted from , TNA). The push-out bond strength test was conducted (0.5 mm/min). Dentin biomodification was assessed by the modulus of elasticity and mass change in bovine tooth sections (0.5 × 1.7 × 7.0 mm). The dentin staining after extract treatments of dentin slices was compared. The dentin surface wettability was also evaluated by means of the contact angles of the adhesive system with the dentin surface and compared with the untreated control group. Data were subjected to ANOVA/Tukey's test ( = 0.05).
RESULTS
The bond strength of the restoratives to dentin was not significantly improved by the plant extracts, irrespective of the evaluation time ( > 0.05). Except for TNA, the elastic modulus of demineralized dentin significantly reduced after treatment with the plant extracts ( < 0.05). The dentin staining correlated with the tannin content of the extracts. The contact angle was significantly reduced when treated with CTC, GCH, and TNA.
CONCLUSIONS
The tannin-containing extracts had a questionable effect on the longevity of bonded restorations. The dentin modulus was negatively affected by the extract treatments. Although some of the extracts changed the contact angle, which seems to improve the adhesive monomer permeation, the tannin-rich plant extract application prior to adhesive application was proven to be clinically unfeasible due to dentin staining.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Dentin; Humans; Plant Extracts; Tannins
PubMed: 34220363
DOI: 10.1155/2021/1614643 -
Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL Apr 2021Dentin hypersensitivity is caused by increased dentinal permeability due to total or partial exposure of dentinal tubules, which in turn can be produced by alterations...
Dentin hypersensitivity is caused by increased dentinal permeability due to total or partial exposure of dentinal tubules, which in turn can be produced by alterations of dental structures or failure of restorative procedures. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of the application of different kinds of adhesive systems to prevent dentin permeability before and after an erosive challenge. Fifty bovine dentin discs (6x1 mm) were prepared and the specimens were divided into 5 groups (n=10): (SB2) Single Bond 2, (SBU) Universal Single Bond, (CSB) Clearfil SE Bond, (SM) Scotchbond Multipurpose and (C) Control. Hydraulic conductance of dentin was recorded after adhesive application (HC-1) and after erosive challenge (HC-2). Dentin surface images of post-treatment and post-erosive challenge were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni correction and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05). Reduction in dentin permeability was observed with the application of adhesive systems (p<0.05). After the erosive challenge, dentin permeability increased for SBU and CSB (p<0.05), while SB2 and SM did not differ in HC-1 or HC-2 (p>0.05). The conventional, self-etching and universal adhesive systems reduce dentinal permeability by more than 80%, and dentin demineralization may contribute to the increased permeability of universal and self-etching systems.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Materials Testing; Permeability; Resin Cements; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 34137773
DOI: 10.54589/aol.34/1/010 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Oct 2020Teeth have been studied for decades and continue to reveal information relevant to human evolution. Studies have shown that many traits of the outer enamel surface...
Teeth have been studied for decades and continue to reveal information relevant to human evolution. Studies have shown that many traits of the outer enamel surface evolve neutrally and can be used to infer human population structure. However, many of these traits are unavailable in archaeological and fossil individuals due to processes of wear and taphonomy. Enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) morphology, the shape of the junction between the enamel and the dentine within a tooth, captures important information about tooth development and vertebrate evolution and is informative because it is subject to less wear and thus preserves more anatomy in worn or damaged specimens, particularly in mammals with relatively thick enamel like hominids. This study looks at the molar EDJ across a large sample of human populations. We assessed EDJ morphological variation in a sample of late Holocene modern humans ( = 161) from archaeological populations using μ-CT biomedical imaging and geometric morphometric analyses. Global variation in human EDJ morphology was compared to the statistical expectations of neutral evolution and "Out of Africa" dispersal modeling of trait evolution. Significant correlations between phenetic variation and neutral genetic variation indicate that EDJ morphology has evolved neutrally in humans. While EDJ morphology reflects population history, its global distribution does not follow expectations of the Out of Africa dispersal model. This study increases our knowledge of human dental variation and contributes to our understanding of dental development more broadly, with important applications to the investigation of population history and human genetic structure.
Topics: Africa; Americas; Asia; Australia; Biological Evolution; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Europe; Fossils; Humans; Paleodontology
PubMed: 33020281
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008037117 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Dec 2021This study was performed to evaluate the occlusion of monetite paste on dentine tubule and provide a new potential method for treating dentine hypersensitivity.
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to evaluate the occlusion of monetite paste on dentine tubule and provide a new potential method for treating dentine hypersensitivity.
METHODS
Calcium oxide, strontium chloride, and polyethylene glycol phosphate were mixed in a certain proportion and ground in a planetary ball mill. The reaction was carried out by adjusting the pH to obtain monetite and hydroxyapatite paste. The morphological characteristics of the paste were observed through scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structure and composition were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The extracted third molar was selected to undergo demineralization to establish the study model of dentin hypersensitivity. The samples were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group (treated with distilled water), casein peptide phosphate-amorphic calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) group, monetite paste group, and hydroxyapatite paste group. Each group was used to scrub the dentin surface with the corresponding materials for 7 days. The morphological characteristics of the dentin surface and section were observed through SEM, the microhardness of the dentin before and after mineralization was analyzed with a microhardness tester, and the composition of the deposits on the surface of the mineralized samples was examined through XRD.
RESULTS
XRD and FTIR showed that the composition of the paste was mainly monetite, and the composition of hydroxyapatite paste was mainly composed of hydroxyapatite. SEM revealed that the size of the crystal particles of the synthesized paste was tens to hundreds of nanometers. Monetite and hydroxyapatite paste could produce a thicker mineralization layer on the dentin surface, and the mineralization of the dentin tubules of monetite was deeper than that of hydroxyapatite paste. The microhardness of the monetite paste group was significantly less than those of the hydroxyapatite paste groups (<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Monetite paste could effectively block the exposed dentin tubules and be used for treating dentin hypersensitivity.
Topics: Calcium Phosphates; Dentin; Dentin Sensitivity; Durapatite; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
PubMed: 34859626
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.06.007 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Apr 2020BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the desensitizing effect of toothpaste containing the active ingredients of an extract of Galla chinensis, both in vitro and in...
The Effects of a Toothpaste Containing the Active Ingredients of Galla chinensis and Sodium Fluoride on Dentin Hypersensitivity and Sealing of Dentinal Tubules: An In Vitro Study and an Eight-Week Clinical Study in 98 Patients.
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the desensitizing effect of toothpaste containing the active ingredients of an extract of Galla chinensis, both in vitro and in patients with dentin hypersensitivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-eight patients with dentin hypersensitivity were divided into two study groups and given toothpaste containing either the active ingredients of Galla chinensis extract and sodium fluoride, or a control toothpaste containing only sodium fluoride. Assessments included the tactile stimulation test and the Schiff cold air sensitivity scale, which were conducted at the baseline examination and after 4 and 8 weeks of dental brushing. Twenty-five intact human premolars from 24 patients with dentin hypersensitivity were prepared and randomly divided into four groups, the untreated baseline group, the study group, the positive control group, and the control group. After brushing with different toothpaste for 7 days, the effects on dentinal tubule sealing in each group was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the degree of dentinal tubule plugging and diameter of the open dentinal tubules were calculated. RESULTS Toothpaste containing the active ingredients of Galla chinensis and sodium fluoride significantly reduced the degree of dentin hypersensitivity when compared with toothpaste containing sodium fluoride alone after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of use. Toothpaste containing the active ingredients of Galla chinensis significantly reduced the number and diameter of the open dentinal tubules. CONCLUSIONS Toothpaste that contained the active ingredients of Galla chinensis and sodium fluoride reduced the symptoms of dentin hypersensitivity by sealing the dentinal tubules.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Dentin; Dentin Sensitivity; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fluorides; Humans; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Middle Aged; Phosphates; Rhus; Sodium Fluoride; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32307404
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.920776 -
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic-eluting Polymer Nanofibers against Multispecies Biofilm.Journal of Endodontics Sep 2017The elimination of microbial flora in cases of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp is both key and a challenging goal for the long-term success of regenerative...
The elimination of microbial flora in cases of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp is both key and a challenging goal for the long-term success of regenerative therapy. Recent research has focused on the development of cell-friendly intracanal drug delivery systems. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial action of 3-dimensional (3D) tubular-shaped triple antibiotic-eluting nanofibrous constructs against a multispecies biofilm on human dentin. Polydioxanone polymer solutions, antibiotic-free or incorporated with metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline, were electrospun into 3D tubular-shaped constructs. A multispecies biofilm consisting of Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Enterococcus faecalis was forced inside the dentinal tubules via centrifugation in a dentin slice in vitro model. The infected specimens were exposed to 2 experimental groups (ie, 3D tubular-shaped triple antibiotic-eluting constructs and triple antibiotic paste [TAP]) and 2 control groups (7-day biofilm untreated and antibiotic-free 3D tubular-shaped constructs). Biofilm elimination was quantitatively analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) analysis showed a dense population of viable (green) bacteria adhered to dentin and penetrated into the dentinal tubules. Upon 3D tubular-shaped triple antibiotic-eluting nanofibrous construct exposure, nearly complete elimination of viable bacteria on the dentin surface and inside the dentinal tubules was shown in the CLSM images, which was similar (P < .05) to the bacterial death promoted by the TAP group but significantly greater when compared with both the antibiotic-free 3D tubular-shaped constructs and the control (saline). The proposed 3D tubular-shaped antibiotic-eluting construct showed pronounced antimicrobial effects against the multispecies biofilm tested and therefore holds significant clinical potential as a disinfection strategy before regenerative endodontics.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Ciprofloxacin; Dentin; Metronidazole; Minocycline; Nanofibers; Polymers
PubMed: 28778504
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.009 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... 2016Study the topographic features of dentin after caries removal with a chemomechanical agent (Papacarie) compared with the conventional drilling method. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIM
Study the topographic features of dentin after caries removal with a chemomechanical agent (Papacarie) compared with the conventional drilling method.
STUDY DESIGN
The sample included 7 exfoliated and extracted primary teeth with carious dentin lesions, not reaching the pulp. Each tooth was sectioned longitudinally through the center of the carious lesions into two halves. The teeth were then divided into two groups according to the method of caries removal. Following caries removal, dentin topography and the cut section were examined using the scanning electron microscope.
RESULTS
Papacarie produced an irregular, porous, rough and globular dentin appearance. The dentin surfaces were generally free of smear layer, visible bacteria and the dentinal tubules were opened. The dentin cut surfaces showed patent dentinal tubules with open orifices. The drilling method created a smooth and amorphous surface with a continuous smear layer occluding the dentinal tubules. Numerous bacteria were also observed. The cut dentin surfaces showed patent dentinal tubules with their orifices plugged with smear layer.
CONCLUSIONS
Papacarie produced a rough and porous surface with partial or complete removal of the smear layer and opened dentinal tubules, while the drill produced a smooth surface with uniform smear layer occluding the dentinal tubules.
Topics: Bacteria; Collagen; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental High-Speed Equipment; Dentin; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Papain; Porosity; Smear Layer; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 27805895
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-40.6.472 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2018This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different ethanol concentrations on dentin roughness, surface free energy, and contact angle between AH Plus and the root...
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different ethanol concentrations on dentin roughness, surface free energy, and contact angle between AH Plus and the root canal dentin. One hundred human maxillary anterior teeth were split longitudinally and 200 dentin specimens were polished to make the surface flatter and smoother. An acrylic bar was positioned between two dentin specimens and impression material was added to create a block, simulating an instrumented root canal space. Specimens were removed from the mold and cleaned in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min. Thereafter, dentin specimens were divided into four groups (n = 50) according to the drying methods used: a) wet: vacuum only, b) paper points: vacuum + absorbent paper points, c) 70% alcohol: 70% alcohol (1 min) + vacuum + absorbent paper points, and d) 100% alcohol: 100% alcohol (1 min) + vacuum + absorbent paper points. A rugosimeter and a goniometer were used to verify the roughness (Ra) and to measure the surface free energy and the contact angle between the AH Plus sealer and the root canal dentin. ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. The 70% and 100% ethanol groups showed significantly decreased roughness as well as increased surface free energy in the root canal dentin when compared to the wet and paper point groups. In addition, ethanol significantly reduced the contact angle between the AH Plus sealer and the root canal dentin. Ethanol solutions (70% and 100%) provide better wettability of AH Plus sealer on dentin surfaces.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Dental Bonding; Dentin; Epoxy Resins; Ethanol; Humans; Materials Testing; Reproducibility of Results; Root Canal Filling Materials; Surface Properties; Tooth Root; Wettability
PubMed: 29723333
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0033