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Psychiatria Danubina Mar 2018Pregnant women experience a set of biological and psychological disturbances. The aim of this study was to assess the appearance of depressive symptoms and suicidal...
BACKGROUND
Pregnant women experience a set of biological and psychological disturbances. The aim of this study was to assess the appearance of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts in pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A total of 110 pregnant women were included in the study. All of them filled out an anonymous questionnaire about sociodemographic data, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
RESULTS
Study participants were between 18-46 years of age. 45.45% of the pregnant women were between 37 and 39 weeks pregnant. According to the EPDS, the risk for perinatal depression was observed in 29 (23.36%) pregnant women: 15 (13.64%) of them had a total score on EPDS from 10-12, and 14 (12.72%) had a total score of 13-20. A higher score on both Beck scales was characteristic for pregnant women with a higher risk for the development of perinatal depression based on the results on EPDS. The prevalence of suicidal thoughts was 2.73%.
CONCLUSIONS
Perinatal depression is a state which should be given more attention. The recognition of perinatal depression during pregnancy allows health medical workers to observe pregnant women at risk and then to make preventive and clinical interventions. The risk for perinatal depression is higher in pregnant women with more expressed depressive and anxiety symptoms. Pregnant women with suicidal thoughts are more anxious and depressed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Personality Inventory; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Suicidal Ideation; Young Adult
PubMed: 29546863
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2018.85 -
Neural Plasticity 2015Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurrent, and severe psychiatric disorder with high mortality and medical comorbidities. Stress-related pathways have been... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurrent, and severe psychiatric disorder with high mortality and medical comorbidities. Stress-related pathways have been directly involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. The present paper provides an overview on the stress system as a model to understand key pathophysiological paradigms in MDD. These mechanisms involve behavioral, cognitive, and systemic manifestations and are also associated with the mechanisms of action of effective antidepressants. Aspects such as depression subtypes, inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and prothrombotic states in critical brain circuits and periphery are critically appraised. Finally, new strategies for approaching treatment-resistant major depression and potential adverse effects associated with this complex and intricate network are highlighted. The authors used PubMed as the database for this review. Each author extracted relevant data and assessed the methodological quality of each study.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Depressive Disorder; Homeostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Neurogenesis; Neuronal Plasticity; Oxidative Stress; Stress, Physiological; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 25878903
DOI: 10.1155/2015/581976 -
Current Neuropharmacology 2015The current Review article provides a narrative review about the neurobiological underpinnings and treatment of treatment resistant late-life depression (TRLLD). The... (Review)
Review
The current Review article provides a narrative review about the neurobiological underpinnings and treatment of treatment resistant late-life depression (TRLLD). The manuscript focuses on therapeutic targets of late-life depression, which include pharmacological, psychological, biophysical and exercise treatment approaches. Therefore, we summarize available evidences on that kind of therapies for patients suffering from late-life depression. The search for evidences of therapeutic options of late-life depression were done using searching websites as "pubmed", and using the searching terms "depression", "late-life depression", "treatment", "biophysical therapy", "exercise therapy", "pharmacological therapy" and "psychological therapy". To the end, we summarize and discuss current data, providing some directions for further research. Treatment recommendations for elderly depressive patients favour a multimodal approach, containing psychological, pharmacological and secondary biophysical therapeutic options. Particularly, a combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication reflects the best therapeutic option. However, mostly accepted and used is the pharmacological treatment although evidence suggests that the drug therapy is not as effective as it is in younger depressive patients. Further studies employing larger samples and longer follow-up periods are necessary and may focus on comparability of study designs and involve novel approaches to establish the validity and reliability of multimodal treatment programs.
Topics: Animals; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Disease Management; Humans
PubMed: 26467408
DOI: 10.2174/1570159x1305151013200032 -
International Review of Psychiatry... Apr 2017With the antidepressant efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation well-established by several meta-analyses, there is growing interest in its mechanism of action.... (Review)
Review
With the antidepressant efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation well-established by several meta-analyses, there is growing interest in its mechanism of action. TMS has been shown to engage, and in some cases, normalize functional connectivity and neurotransmitter levels within networks dysfunctional in the depressed state. In this review, I will suggest candidate biomarkers, based on neuroimaging, that may be predictive of response to TMS. I will then review the effects of TMS on networks and neurotransmitter systems involved in depression. Throughout, I will also discuss how our current understanding of response predication and network engagement may be used to personalize treatment and optimize its efficacy.
Topics: Connectome; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 28420271
DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1283297 -
JAMA Feb 2017
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans
PubMed: 28241337
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.0233 -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry May 2020 Measurement-based care (MBC) is an important strategy in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder who have inadequate antidepressant response. The... (Review)
Review
Measurement-based care (MBC) is an important strategy in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder who have inadequate antidepressant response. The rating scales used in MBC can assist clinicians at critical decision points, such as when to declare a treatment failure, what to do with partial improvement, and how long to continue successful treatment. Measurement has two benefits: it gives the clinician an objective basis for comparison of symptom severity over time, and it helps patients to have insight into their illness course. Further, many of these tools do not add substantially to the length of the clinical visit. MBC can also be used to monitor and address residual symptoms such as fatigue and irritability that impact patients' functioning and quality of life. .
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Treatment Failure; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32369683
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.OT19037BR1 -
Journal of Geriatric Oncology Sep 2019The increasing number of older adults living with cancer will inevitably include vulnerable subgroups who experience a range of depressive symptoms throughout the care... (Review)
Review
The increasing number of older adults living with cancer will inevitably include vulnerable subgroups who experience a range of depressive symptoms throughout the care continuum. It is well established that depression can lead to decreased quality of life, poor treatment adherence, increased length of hospital stay and health service utilization, and in severe cases, suicide. Thus, clinicians working in oncology must be able to identify, conceptualize, and treat (or connect to services) the mental health concerns of their older patients. This brief review describes the unique etiologies, features, and treatments for depressive syndromes among older adults in the oncology setting, drawing on the literature and prevailing depression management guidelines from both psycho-oncology and geriatric depression research.
Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Geriatric Psychiatry; Humans; Neoplasms; Patient Health Questionnaire; Problem Solving; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psycho-Oncology; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 30797709
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.02.005 -
Neural Plasticity 2015Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a dysfunctional processing of autobiographical memories. We review the following core domains of deficit: systematic... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a dysfunctional processing of autobiographical memories. We review the following core domains of deficit: systematic biases favoring materials of negative emotional valence; diminished access and response to positive memories; a recollection of overgeneral memories in detriment of specific autobiographical memories; and the role of ruminative processes and avoidance when dealing with autobiographical memories. Furthermore, we review evidence from functional neuroimaging studies of neural circuits activated by the recollection of autobiographical memories in both healthy and depressive individuals. Disruptions in autobiographical memories predispose and portend onset and maintenance of depression. Thus, we discuss emerging therapeutics that target memory difficulties in those with depression. We review strategies for this clinical domain, including memory specificity training, method-of-loci, memory rescripting, and real-time fMRI neurofeedback training of amygdala activity in depression. We propose that the manipulation of the reconsolidation of autobiographical memories in depression might represent a novel yet largely unexplored, domain-specific, therapeutic opportunity for depression treatment.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic
PubMed: 26380121
DOI: 10.1155/2015/759139 -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Mar 2021During the period extending from 1780 to 1880, the conceptualization of melancholia changed from an intellectual to a mood model. The modern view of depression, based on... (Review)
Review
During the period extending from 1780 to 1880, the conceptualization of melancholia changed from an intellectual to a mood model. The modern view of depression, based on Kraepelinian dualism, has reflected changes in opinion on psychiatric taxonomy of individual melancholia. From the point of view of an "operational revolution," the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition (DSM-III) were based on a neoKraepelinian approach rooted in disease essentialism. In the revision process from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5, a combined dimensional and categorial approach was used. In the DSM-5, the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder are polythetic and operational in approach reflecting the heterogeneity of major depressive disorder. Although 227 different symptom combinations fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder can be theoretically calculated, certain symptom combinations are more prevalent than others in real clinical situations. The heterogeneity of these operational criteria for major depressive disorder have been criticized in a manner informed by the Wittgensteinian analogy of the language game. Herein, our network analysis proposes a novel perspective on the psychopathology of major depressive disorder. The novel approach suggested here may lay the foundation for a redefinition of the traditional taxonomy of depression.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 33049324
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110133 -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience 2017Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and even though many forms of therapy exist, about one third of patients treated with conventional... (Review)
Review
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and even though many forms of therapy exist, about one third of patients treated with conventional antidepressants do not experience a response. For these reasons, new approaches to treat depression, including fish oil, are being investigated. Fish oil is known to have many beneficial side effects, and clinical trials demonstrate that supplementation with fish oil is beneficial in the management of depression. Fish oil contains omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and there are several mechanisms by which PUFAs are thought to induce an antidepressant effect, including anti-inflammatory action and direct effects on membrane properties. This review will analyze and evaluate the clinical trials surrounding fish oil use in the treatment of depression, and will also review the likely sites of action of PUFAs at the cell membrane with special attention being placed on lipid rafts and G-proteins.
Topics: Animals; Depressive Disorder; Dietary Supplements; Fish Oils; Humans
PubMed: 29254106
DOI: 10.3233/JIN-170072