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International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2019Nurses experience psychosocial work stress that may negatively affect physical and mental health over time. In this cross-sectional study we investigated prevalence of...
Nurses experience psychosocial work stress that may negatively affect physical and mental health over time. In this cross-sectional study we investigated prevalence of job stress and oxidative stress in nurses, and determined if significant relationships exist between higher job stress scores and demographic factors and working conditions. Emergency department nurses ( = 42) were recruited from a University Hospital following Institutional Review Board approval. Job stress indicators, effort-reward ratio and overcommitment were evaluated from survey questionnaires using the effort-reward imbalance model, and associations with age, sex, body mass index, and working conditions were measured by logistic regression analysis. Oxidative stress biomarkers, 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant levels were measured from urine specimens. Job stress was prevalent with effort-reward ratio > 1 in 93% and overcommitment > 50 in 83% of the study participants. Age, body mass index, years of experience, weekend work, work hours per week, and shift work showed strong associations with effort-reward ratio and overcommitment scores. Malondialdehyde was higher in participants with high overcommitment. We report that psychosocial job stress is prevalent among nurses, as revealed by the high effort-reward and overcommitment scores. Job stress may be reduced through implementation of appropriate stress reduction interventions.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dinoprost; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Nurses; Occupational Stress; Oxidative Stress; Prevalence; Reward; Risk; Surveys and Questionnaires; Workload; Young Adult
PubMed: 31487874
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183243 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Dec 2022Dysmenorrhea with high prevalence has been categorized as primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and secondary dysmenorrhea due to differences in pathogenesis. A significant number... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The Sprint-Interval Exercise Using a Spinning Bike Improves Physical Fitness and Ameliorates Primary Dysmenorrhea Symptoms Through Hormone and Inflammation Modulations: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Dysmenorrhea with high prevalence has been categorized as primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and secondary dysmenorrhea due to differences in pathogenesis. A significant number of reproductive females suffering from monthly menstruation have to deal with negative impacts on their quality of life, work/study productivity, activities, and social relationships. In addition to medical treatment, exercise has been recognized as a complementary and alternative strategy for disease prevention, alleviation, and rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of exercise on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea, physiological modulation, and physical fitness. Participants consisted of university students who were enrolled in the study and divided into a non-PD (Control) and a PD group based on recruiting criteria, the latter being randomly assigned to either an untreated dysmenorrhea group or a dysmenorrhea group that underwent 10 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise (Dysmen and DysmenHIIT, respectively). The DysmenHIIT group used spinning bikes and the training intensity was validated by heart rate monitors and BORG rating of perceived exertion. Forms containing participant information (premenstrual symptoms, menstrual distress, and a Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire) as well as physical fitness, biochemical variables, hormone and prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2α) levels were assessed before and after the exercise intervention. After intervention, premenstrual symptoms (anger, anxiety, depression, activity level, fatigue, etc.), menstrual distress symptoms (cramps, aches, swelling, etc.), and pain severity were shown to be significantly mitigated, possibly through hormone (estradiol, prolactin, progesterone, and cortisol) modulation. Furthermore, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP), PGE2 and PGF2α levels were also down-regulated, resulting in the amelioration of uterine contraction and inflammation. Participants' physical fitness, including cardiovascular endurance and explosive force, was significantly improved after HIIT. The 10-week HIIT spinning bike exercise used in this study could be employed as a potential and complementary treatment for PD symptoms alleviation and considered as part of an educational health plan for promoting women's health. However, the effects of HIIT utilizing different exercise methods and accounting for different age populations and secondary PD warrant further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Dysmenorrhea; Bicycling; Quality of Life; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Physical Fitness; Hormones; Inflammation
PubMed: 36523895
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.595 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2016Supplementary oxygen is routinely administered to low-risk pregnant women during an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia; however, maternal and foetal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Supplementary oxygen is routinely administered to low-risk pregnant women during an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia; however, maternal and foetal outcomes have not been well established. This is an update of a review first published in 2013.
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective was to determine whether supplementary oxygen given to low-risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia can prevent maternal and neonatal desaturation. The secondary objective was to compare the mean values of maternal and neonatal blood gas levels between mothers who received supplementary oxygen and those who did not (control group).
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2014, issue 11), MEDLINE (1948 to November 2014) and EMBASE (1980 to November 2014). The original search was first performed in February 2012. We reran the search in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE in February 2016. One potential new study of interest was added to the list of 'Studies awaiting Classification' and will be incorporated into the formal review findings during the next review update.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of low-risk pregnant women undergoing an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia and compared outcomes with, and without, oxygen supplementation.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently extracted data, assessed methodological quality and performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
MAIN RESULTS
We found one new included study in this updated version. In total, our updated review includes 11 trials (with 753 participants). The low quality of evidence showed no significant differences in average Apgar scores at one minute (N = six trials, 519 participants; 95% confidence (CI) -0.16 to 0.31, P = 0.53) and at five minutes (N = six trials, 519 participants; 95% CI -0.06 to 0.06, P = 0.98). None of the 11 trials reported maternal desaturation. The very low quality of evidence showed that in comparison to room air, women in labour receiving supplementary oxygen had higher maternal oxygen saturation (N = three trials, 209 participants), maternal PaO2 (oxygen pressure in the blood; N = six trials, 241 participants), UaPO2 (foetal umbilical arterial blood; N = eight trials, 504 participants; 95% CI 1.8 to 4.9, P < 0.0001) and UvPO2 (foetal umbilical venous blood; N = 10 trials, 683 participants). There was high heterogeneity among these outcomes. A subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in UaPO2 between the two intervention groups in low-risk studies, whereas the high-risk studies showed a benefit for the neonatal oxygen group.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Overall, we found no convincing evidence that giving supplementary oxygen to healthy term pregnant women during elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia is either beneficial or harmful for either the mother or the foetus' short-term clinical outcome as assessed by Apgar scores. Although, there were significant higher maternal and neonatal blood gas values and markers of free radicals when extra oxygen was given, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the low grade quality of the evidence.
Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Biomarkers; Cesarean Section; Dinoprost; Elective Surgical Procedures; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Malondialdehyde; Oxygen; Pregnancy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 26982519
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006161.pub3 -
Life Science Alliance Jul 2023Prostaglandins are arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. PGF2α analogues are therapeutically used for...
Prostaglandins are arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. PGF2α analogues are therapeutically used for regulating mammalian reproductive cycles and blood pressure, inducing term labor, and treating ocular disorders. PGF2α exerts effects via activation of calcium and PKC signaling, however, little is known about the cellular events imposed by PGF2α signaling. Here, we explored the early effects of PGF2α on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in the bovine corpus luteum employing relevant and well characterized in vivo and in vitro approaches. We identified PKC/ERK and AMPK as critical protein kinases essential for activation of mitochondrial fission proteins, DRP1 and MFF. Furthermore, we report that PGF2α elicits increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and promotes receptor-mediated activation of PINK-Parkin mitophagy. These findings place the mitochondrium as a novel target in response to luteolytic mediator, PGF2α. Understanding intracellular processes occurring during early luteolysis may serve as a target for improving fertility.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Dinoprost; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Mitophagy; Corpus Luteum; Signal Transduction; Mammals
PubMed: 37188480
DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301968 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Apr 2019In contrast to the availability of potent and selective antagonists of several prostaglandin receptor types (including DP , DP , EP and TP receptors), there has been a... (Review)
Review
In contrast to the availability of potent and selective antagonists of several prostaglandin receptor types (including DP , DP , EP and TP receptors), there has been a paucity of well-characterized, selective FP receptor antagonists. The earliest ones included dimethyl amide and dimethyl amine derivatives of PGF , but these have failed to gain prominence. The fluorinated PGF analogues, AL-8810 and AL-3138, were subsequently discovered as competitive and non-competitive FP receptor antagonists respectively. Non-prostanoid structures, such as the thiazolidinone AS604872, the D-amino acid-based oligopeptide PDC31 and its peptidomimic analogue PDC113.824 came next, but the latter two are allosteric inhibitors of FP receptor signalling. AL-8810 has a sub-micromolar in vitro potency and ≥2 log unit selectivity against most other PG receptors when tested in several cell- and tissue-based functional assays. Additionally, AL-8810 has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy as an FP receptor antagonist in animal models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, allodynia and endometriosis. Consequently, it appears that AL-8810 has become the FP receptor antagonist of choice. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Eicosanoids 35 years from the 1982 Nobel: where are we now? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.8/issuetoc.
Topics: Animals; Dinoprost; Drug Discovery; Humans; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Receptors, Prostaglandin
PubMed: 29679483
DOI: 10.1111/bph.14335 -
JCI Insight Dec 2023Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic parenchymal lung disease characterized by repetitive alveolar cell injury, myofibroblast proliferation, and excessive...
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic parenchymal lung disease characterized by repetitive alveolar cell injury, myofibroblast proliferation, and excessive extracellular matrix deposition for which unmet need persists for effective therapeutics. The bioactive eicosanoid, prostaglandin F2α, and its cognate receptor FPr (Ptgfr) are implicated as a TGF-β1-independent signaling hub for IPF. To assess this, we leveraged our published murine PF model (IER-SftpcI73T) expressing a disease-associated missense mutation in the surfactant protein C (Sftpc) gene. Tamoxifen-treated IER-SftpcI73T mice developed an early multiphasic alveolitis and transition to spontaneous fibrotic remodeling by 28 days. IER-SftpcI73T mice crossed to a Ptgfr-null (FPr-/-) line showed attenuated weight loss and gene dosage-dependent rescue of mortality compared with FPr+/+ cohorts. IER-SftpcI73T/FPr-/- mice also showed reductions in multiple fibrotic endpoints for which administration of nintedanib was not additive. Single-cell RNA-Seq, pseudotime analysis, and in vitro assays demonstrated Ptgfr expression predominantly within adventitial fibroblasts, which were reprogrammed to an "inflammatory/transitional" cell state in a PGF2α /FPr-dependent manner. Collectively, the findings provide evidence for a role for PGF2α signaling in IPF, mechanistically identify a susceptible fibroblast subpopulation, and establish a benchmark effect size for disruption of this pathway in mitigating fibrotic lung remodeling.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Dinoprost; Fibroblasts; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Fibrosis; Population Dynamics
PubMed: 37934604
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172977 -
Cell Chemical Biology Jan 2021Proteostasis deficiency in mutated ion channels leads to a variety of ion channel diseases that are caused by excessive endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation...
Proteostasis deficiency in mutated ion channels leads to a variety of ion channel diseases that are caused by excessive endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and inefficient membrane trafficking. We investigated proteostasis maintenance of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) receptors, the primary mediators of neuronal inhibition in the mammalian central nervous system. We screened a structurally diverse, Food and Drug Administration-approved drug library and identified dinoprost (DNP) and dihydroergocristine (DHEC) as highly efficacious enhancers of surface expression of four epilepsy-causing trafficking-deficient mutant receptors. Furthermore, DNP and DHEC restore whole-cell and synaptic currents by incorporating mutated subunits into functional receptors. Mechanistic studies revealed that both drugs reduce subunit degradation by attenuating the Grp94/Hrd1/Sel1L/VCP-mediated ERAD pathway and enhance the subunit folding by promoting subunit interactions with major GABA receptors-interacting chaperones, BiP and calnexin. In summary, we report that DNP and DHEC remodel the endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis network to restore the functional surface expression of mutant GABA receptors.
Topics: Cell Line; Dihydroergocristine; Dinoprost; Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Proteostasis; Receptors, GABA-A
PubMed: 32888501
DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.012 -
Respiratory Medicine 2021The purpose of this study was to investigate how 8-isoprostanes, used as a marker of airway oxidative stress, were related to sinus disease and asthma.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to investigate how 8-isoprostanes, used as a marker of airway oxidative stress, were related to sinus disease and asthma.
METHODS
We analyzed samples and data from two separate studies, one investigating sinonasal disease in asthma, the other investigating the effect of BMI on airway disease. We measured airway (nasal lavage) 8-isoprostanes and investigated the relationship with measures of sinus and asthma symptoms, asthma control and lung function.
RESULTS
The study of people with sinonasal disease and poorly controlled asthma included 48 obese, 31 overweight and 23 lean participants. In multivariate analysis, nasal lavage 8-isoprostane levels increased with increasing BMI (p < 0.01), and were higher in Caucasian than African American participants (p = 0.01). Sinus symptoms were inversely related to nasal 8-isoprostanes (p = 0.02) independent of BMI and Race. In the study investigating the effect of BMI on airway disease, we enrolled 13 controls with obesity and 21 people with obesity and asthma: 8-isoprostane levels were higher in obese controls than in obese people with asthma (p < 0.01), and levels were inversely related to sinus symptoms (p = 0.02) and asthma control (p < 0.01).
INTERPRETATION
8-isoprostanes in nasal lavage are increased in obesity, and increased in Caucasians compared with African Americans. However, levels are higher in obese controls than obese people with asthma, and appear inversely related to symptoms of airway disease.
CLINICAL IMPLICATION
Airway 8-isoprostanes likely reflect complex oxidative signaling pathways, which are altered in obesity and those of different race, rather than being a simple marker of airway oxidative injury.
CAPSULE SUMMARY
Increased airway oxidative signaling (8-isoprostanes), may reflect normal physiology in the setting of obesity, as decreased levels are associated with disease activity in people with chronic sinonasal disease and asthma.
Topics: Adult; Asthma; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Lavage Fluid; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Racial Groups; Young Adult
PubMed: 34166960
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106506 -
Animal : An International Journal of... May 2023This manuscript reviews the mechanisms that maintain the corpus luteum (CL) of pregnancy in ruminants. In mammals, ovulation and luteinization of the remaining cells in... (Review)
Review
This manuscript reviews the mechanisms that maintain the corpus luteum (CL) of pregnancy in ruminants. In mammals, ovulation and luteinization of the remaining cells in the CL are due to a surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH). In cattle, continued secretion of pulses of LH is essential for full development and function of the CL during the estrous cycle (LH pulses), however, the few studies on the CL after d20 of pregnancy do not indicate that LH is essential for maintaining the CL of pregnancy. The first essential step in maintaining the CL of pregnancy in ruminants is overcoming the mechanisms that cause regression of the CL in non-pregnant ruminants (d18-25 in cattle; d13-21 in sheep). These mechanisms have a uterine component involving oxytocin-induced prostaglandin F2α (PGF2A) pulses and a luteal component involving decreased progesterone production and luteal cell death. There is a critical role for embryonic interferon-tau (IFNT) in suppressing the uterine secretion of PGF2A during early pregnancy (d13-21 in sheep; d16-25 in cattle) and preventing luteolysis. There are also effects of IFNT on the expression of interferon-stimulated genes in other tissues including the CL but the physiologic role of these interferon-stimulated genes is not yet clear. After the IFNT period, there is another mechanism that maintains the CL of pregnancy in ruminants since embryonic IFNT is inhibited as attachment occurs and trophoblastic binucleate/giant cells begin secretion of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins. The second mechanism for luteal maintenance has not yet been defined but acts in a local manner (ipsilateral to pregnancy), and remains functional from d25 until just before parturition. The most likely mechanisms mediating later maintenance of the CL of pregnancy are increased uterine blood flow or decreased prostaglandin transporter expression in the utero-ovarian vasculature, preventing PGF2A reaching the CL. Finally, implications of these ideas on pregnancy loss in cattle are explored, highlighting the importance of inappropriate regression of the CL of pregnancy as a mechanism for pregnancy loss in cattle.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Cattle; Sheep; Animals; Corpus Luteum; Ruminants; Progesterone; Luteolysis; Ovary; Luteinizing Hormone; Dinoprost
PubMed: 37567676
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100827 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Preterm birth is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality across the world. Both term and preterm labour are preceded by inflammatory activation in...
INTRODUCTION
Preterm birth is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality across the world. Both term and preterm labour are preceded by inflammatory activation in uterine tissues. This includes increased leukocyte infiltration, and subsequent increase in chemokine and cytokine levels, activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors as NF-κB and increased prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is one of the myometrial activators and stimulators.
METHODS
Here we investigated the role of PGF2α in pro-inflammatory signalling pathways in human myometrial cells isolated from term non-labouring uterine tissue. Primary myometrial cells were treated with G protein inhibitors, calcium chelators and/or PGF2α. Nuclear extracts were analysed by TranSignal cAMP/Calcium Protein/DNA Array. Whole cell protein lysates were analysed by Western blotting. mRNA levels of target genes were analysed by RT-PCR.
RESULTS
The results show that PGF2α increases inflammation in myometrial cells through increased activation of NF-κB and MAP kinases and increased expression of COX-2. PGF2α was found to activate several calcium/cAMP-dependent transcription factors, such as CREB and C/EBP-β. mRNA levels of NF-κB-regulated cytokines and chemokines were also elevated with PGF2α stimulation. We have shown that the increase in PGF2α-mediated COX-2 expression in myometrial cells requires coupling of the FP receptor to both Gαq and Gαi proteins. Additionally, PGF2α-induced calcium response was also mediated through Gαq and Gαi coupling.
DISCUSSION
In summary, our findings suggest that PGF2α-induced inflammation in myometrial cells involves activation of several transcription factors - NF-κB, MAP kinases, CREB and C/EBP-β. Our results indicate that the FP receptor signals via Gαq and Gαi coupling in myometrium. This work provides insight into PGF2α pro-inflammatory signalling in term myometrium prior to the onset of labour and suggests that PGF2α signalling pathways could be a potential target for management of preterm labour.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Dinoprost; NF-kappa B; Calcium; Premature Birth; Cyclooxygenase 2; Myometrium; Inflammation; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Cytokines; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 37547305
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150125