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International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2019Nurses experience psychosocial work stress that may negatively affect physical and mental health over time. In this cross-sectional study we investigated prevalence of...
Nurses experience psychosocial work stress that may negatively affect physical and mental health over time. In this cross-sectional study we investigated prevalence of job stress and oxidative stress in nurses, and determined if significant relationships exist between higher job stress scores and demographic factors and working conditions. Emergency department nurses ( = 42) were recruited from a University Hospital following Institutional Review Board approval. Job stress indicators, effort-reward ratio and overcommitment were evaluated from survey questionnaires using the effort-reward imbalance model, and associations with age, sex, body mass index, and working conditions were measured by logistic regression analysis. Oxidative stress biomarkers, 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant levels were measured from urine specimens. Job stress was prevalent with effort-reward ratio > 1 in 93% and overcommitment > 50 in 83% of the study participants. Age, body mass index, years of experience, weekend work, work hours per week, and shift work showed strong associations with effort-reward ratio and overcommitment scores. Malondialdehyde was higher in participants with high overcommitment. We report that psychosocial job stress is prevalent among nurses, as revealed by the high effort-reward and overcommitment scores. Job stress may be reduced through implementation of appropriate stress reduction interventions.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dinoprost; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Nurses; Occupational Stress; Oxidative Stress; Prevalence; Reward; Risk; Surveys and Questionnaires; Workload; Young Adult
PubMed: 31487874
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183243 -
Life Science Alliance Jul 2023Prostaglandins are arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. PGF2α analogues are therapeutically used for...
Prostaglandins are arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. PGF2α analogues are therapeutically used for regulating mammalian reproductive cycles and blood pressure, inducing term labor, and treating ocular disorders. PGF2α exerts effects via activation of calcium and PKC signaling, however, little is known about the cellular events imposed by PGF2α signaling. Here, we explored the early effects of PGF2α on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in the bovine corpus luteum employing relevant and well characterized in vivo and in vitro approaches. We identified PKC/ERK and AMPK as critical protein kinases essential for activation of mitochondrial fission proteins, DRP1 and MFF. Furthermore, we report that PGF2α elicits increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and promotes receptor-mediated activation of PINK-Parkin mitophagy. These findings place the mitochondrium as a novel target in response to luteolytic mediator, PGF2α. Understanding intracellular processes occurring during early luteolysis may serve as a target for improving fertility.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Dinoprost; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Mitophagy; Corpus Luteum; Signal Transduction; Mammals
PubMed: 37188480
DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301968 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2016Supplementary oxygen is routinely administered to low-risk pregnant women during an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia; however, maternal and foetal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Supplementary oxygen is routinely administered to low-risk pregnant women during an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia; however, maternal and foetal outcomes have not been well established. This is an update of a review first published in 2013.
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective was to determine whether supplementary oxygen given to low-risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia can prevent maternal and neonatal desaturation. The secondary objective was to compare the mean values of maternal and neonatal blood gas levels between mothers who received supplementary oxygen and those who did not (control group).
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2014, issue 11), MEDLINE (1948 to November 2014) and EMBASE (1980 to November 2014). The original search was first performed in February 2012. We reran the search in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE in February 2016. One potential new study of interest was added to the list of 'Studies awaiting Classification' and will be incorporated into the formal review findings during the next review update.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of low-risk pregnant women undergoing an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia and compared outcomes with, and without, oxygen supplementation.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently extracted data, assessed methodological quality and performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
MAIN RESULTS
We found one new included study in this updated version. In total, our updated review includes 11 trials (with 753 participants). The low quality of evidence showed no significant differences in average Apgar scores at one minute (N = six trials, 519 participants; 95% confidence (CI) -0.16 to 0.31, P = 0.53) and at five minutes (N = six trials, 519 participants; 95% CI -0.06 to 0.06, P = 0.98). None of the 11 trials reported maternal desaturation. The very low quality of evidence showed that in comparison to room air, women in labour receiving supplementary oxygen had higher maternal oxygen saturation (N = three trials, 209 participants), maternal PaO2 (oxygen pressure in the blood; N = six trials, 241 participants), UaPO2 (foetal umbilical arterial blood; N = eight trials, 504 participants; 95% CI 1.8 to 4.9, P < 0.0001) and UvPO2 (foetal umbilical venous blood; N = 10 trials, 683 participants). There was high heterogeneity among these outcomes. A subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in UaPO2 between the two intervention groups in low-risk studies, whereas the high-risk studies showed a benefit for the neonatal oxygen group.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Overall, we found no convincing evidence that giving supplementary oxygen to healthy term pregnant women during elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia is either beneficial or harmful for either the mother or the foetus' short-term clinical outcome as assessed by Apgar scores. Although, there were significant higher maternal and neonatal blood gas values and markers of free radicals when extra oxygen was given, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the low grade quality of the evidence.
Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Biomarkers; Cesarean Section; Dinoprost; Elective Surgical Procedures; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Malondialdehyde; Oxygen; Pregnancy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 26982519
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006161.pub3 -
JCI Insight Dec 2023Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic parenchymal lung disease characterized by repetitive alveolar cell injury, myofibroblast proliferation, and excessive...
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic parenchymal lung disease characterized by repetitive alveolar cell injury, myofibroblast proliferation, and excessive extracellular matrix deposition for which unmet need persists for effective therapeutics. The bioactive eicosanoid, prostaglandin F2α, and its cognate receptor FPr (Ptgfr) are implicated as a TGF-β1-independent signaling hub for IPF. To assess this, we leveraged our published murine PF model (IER-SftpcI73T) expressing a disease-associated missense mutation in the surfactant protein C (Sftpc) gene. Tamoxifen-treated IER-SftpcI73T mice developed an early multiphasic alveolitis and transition to spontaneous fibrotic remodeling by 28 days. IER-SftpcI73T mice crossed to a Ptgfr-null (FPr-/-) line showed attenuated weight loss and gene dosage-dependent rescue of mortality compared with FPr+/+ cohorts. IER-SftpcI73T/FPr-/- mice also showed reductions in multiple fibrotic endpoints for which administration of nintedanib was not additive. Single-cell RNA-Seq, pseudotime analysis, and in vitro assays demonstrated Ptgfr expression predominantly within adventitial fibroblasts, which were reprogrammed to an "inflammatory/transitional" cell state in a PGF2α /FPr-dependent manner. Collectively, the findings provide evidence for a role for PGF2α signaling in IPF, mechanistically identify a susceptible fibroblast subpopulation, and establish a benchmark effect size for disruption of this pathway in mitigating fibrotic lung remodeling.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Dinoprost; Fibroblasts; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Fibrosis; Population Dynamics
PubMed: 37934604
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172977 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2014Aging is a complex process of organism decline in physiological functions. There is no clear theory explaining this phenomenon, but the most accepted one is the... (Review)
Review
Aging is a complex process of organism decline in physiological functions. There is no clear theory explaining this phenomenon, but the most accepted one is the oxidative stress theory of aging. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, substances, which are formed during oxidative damage of phospholipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, are present in body fluids of diseased people as well as the healthy ones (in a physiological concentration). 8-iso prostaglandin F2α is the most prominent biomarker of phospholipid oxidative damage, o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine are biomarkers of protein oxidative damage, and 8-hydroxy-2(')-deoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxyguanosine are biomarkers of oxidative damage of nucleic acids. It is thought that the concentration of biomarkers increases as the age of people increases. However, the concentration of biomarkers in body fluids is very low and, therefore, it is necessary to use a sensitive analytical method. A combination of HPLC and MS was chosen to determine biomarker concentration in three groups of healthy people of a different age (twenty, forty, and sixty years) in order to find a difference among the groups.
Topics: Aging; Biomarkers; DNA Damage; Dinoprost; Guanosine; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Proteins; Tyrosine
PubMed: 25147595
DOI: 10.1155/2014/562860 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Apr 2019In contrast to the availability of potent and selective antagonists of several prostaglandin receptor types (including DP , DP , EP and TP receptors), there has been a... (Review)
Review
In contrast to the availability of potent and selective antagonists of several prostaglandin receptor types (including DP , DP , EP and TP receptors), there has been a paucity of well-characterized, selective FP receptor antagonists. The earliest ones included dimethyl amide and dimethyl amine derivatives of PGF , but these have failed to gain prominence. The fluorinated PGF analogues, AL-8810 and AL-3138, were subsequently discovered as competitive and non-competitive FP receptor antagonists respectively. Non-prostanoid structures, such as the thiazolidinone AS604872, the D-amino acid-based oligopeptide PDC31 and its peptidomimic analogue PDC113.824 came next, but the latter two are allosteric inhibitors of FP receptor signalling. AL-8810 has a sub-micromolar in vitro potency and ≥2 log unit selectivity against most other PG receptors when tested in several cell- and tissue-based functional assays. Additionally, AL-8810 has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy as an FP receptor antagonist in animal models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, allodynia and endometriosis. Consequently, it appears that AL-8810 has become the FP receptor antagonist of choice. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Eicosanoids 35 years from the 1982 Nobel: where are we now? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.8/issuetoc.
Topics: Animals; Dinoprost; Drug Discovery; Humans; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Receptors, Prostaglandin
PubMed: 29679483
DOI: 10.1111/bph.14335 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Preterm birth is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality across the world. Both term and preterm labour are preceded by inflammatory activation in...
INTRODUCTION
Preterm birth is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality across the world. Both term and preterm labour are preceded by inflammatory activation in uterine tissues. This includes increased leukocyte infiltration, and subsequent increase in chemokine and cytokine levels, activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors as NF-κB and increased prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is one of the myometrial activators and stimulators.
METHODS
Here we investigated the role of PGF2α in pro-inflammatory signalling pathways in human myometrial cells isolated from term non-labouring uterine tissue. Primary myometrial cells were treated with G protein inhibitors, calcium chelators and/or PGF2α. Nuclear extracts were analysed by TranSignal cAMP/Calcium Protein/DNA Array. Whole cell protein lysates were analysed by Western blotting. mRNA levels of target genes were analysed by RT-PCR.
RESULTS
The results show that PGF2α increases inflammation in myometrial cells through increased activation of NF-κB and MAP kinases and increased expression of COX-2. PGF2α was found to activate several calcium/cAMP-dependent transcription factors, such as CREB and C/EBP-β. mRNA levels of NF-κB-regulated cytokines and chemokines were also elevated with PGF2α stimulation. We have shown that the increase in PGF2α-mediated COX-2 expression in myometrial cells requires coupling of the FP receptor to both Gαq and Gαi proteins. Additionally, PGF2α-induced calcium response was also mediated through Gαq and Gαi coupling.
DISCUSSION
In summary, our findings suggest that PGF2α-induced inflammation in myometrial cells involves activation of several transcription factors - NF-κB, MAP kinases, CREB and C/EBP-β. Our results indicate that the FP receptor signals via Gαq and Gαi coupling in myometrium. This work provides insight into PGF2α pro-inflammatory signalling in term myometrium prior to the onset of labour and suggests that PGF2α signalling pathways could be a potential target for management of preterm labour.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Dinoprost; NF-kappa B; Calcium; Premature Birth; Cyclooxygenase 2; Myometrium; Inflammation; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Cytokines; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 37547305
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150125 -
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology... Dec 2000Isoprostanes (IP) are a new family of compounds formed during oxidation injury. 8-epi-prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha, a vasoconstrictory and mitogenic substance, is...
Isoprostanes (IP) are a new family of compounds formed during oxidation injury. 8-epi-prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha, a vasoconstrictory and mitogenic substance, is increased in hyperlipidemia in blood and urine as well as at the vascular level in the intima, in particular along foam cells. Similarly, cigarette smoking is associated with an immediate increase in 8-epi-PGF2alpha and a quick drop after quitting. Also diabetes and even the more a combination of risk factors (for the development of atherosclerosis) results in increased 8-epi-PGF2alpha in various compartments. Others, such as sex, age, hypertension and obesity were of minor influence. These findings further indicate, that in-vivo oxidation injury as reflected by increased IP may play a relevant role in atherogenesis. IP may serve as useful markers to assess oxidation injury at a local level.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticholesteremic Agents; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Component Removal; Blood Vessels; Child; Child, Preschool; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Immunohistochemistry; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Structure; Smoking; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Vasoconstrictor Agents
PubMed: 11192940
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... Jun 2001Isoprostanes are produced during peroxidation of membrane lipids by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Initially, they were recognized as being valuable markers... (Review)
Review
Isoprostanes are produced during peroxidation of membrane lipids by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Initially, they were recognized as being valuable markers of oxidative stress, and in the past 10 years, dozens of disease states and experimental conditions with diverse etiologies have been shown to be associated with marked increases in urinary, plasma, and tissue levels of isoprostanes. However, they are not just mere markers; they evoke important biological responses on virtually every cell type found within the lung, and these responses exhibit compound-, tissue-, and species-related variations. In fact, the isoprostanes may mediate many of the features of the disease states for which they are used as indicators. In this review, I describe the chemistry, metabolism, and pharmacology of isoprostanes, with a particular emphasis on pulmonary cell types, and the possible roles of isoprostanes in pulmonary pathophysiology.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Cell Membrane; Dinoprost; F2-Isoprostanes; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Lung; Lung Diseases; Muscle, Smooth; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 11350785
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.6.L1067 -
The Journal of Reproduction and... Apr 2022The reproductive performance of dairy cows has declined, along with an increase in their milk yield. First-service conception rates in lactating dairy cows are often... (Review)
Review
The reproductive performance of dairy cows has declined, along with an increase in their milk yield. First-service conception rates in lactating dairy cows are often lower than 50%. The precise detection of estrus is an important factor in the reproductive management of dairy cows for successful fertilization and pregnancy. However, estrus expression has been decreasing in modern dairy cows, affecting the detection rate of estrus. In addition to estrus, a high incidence of ovulation disorders affects the fertility of dairy cows. To address these problems, it is necessary to understand the changes in the endocrine functions that underlie estrus and ovulation disorders, and to develop effective treatment strategies. Recent studies have revealed that neurokinin B and neurokinin 3 receptor signaling play important roles in the regulation of the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing and luteinizing hormones, suggesting a potential clinical avenue for the stimulation of gonadal function. In this review, I have discussed the problems in estrus and ovulation disorders in modern dairy cows as well as the possible applications of neurokinin 3 receptor agonists in the treatment of these disorders.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dinoprost; Estrus; Estrus Detection; Estrus Synchronization; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Insemination, Artificial; Lactation; Ovulation; Pregnancy; Reproduction
PubMed: 35153250
DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-125