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Health & Place May 2019A scoping review was conducted, using a social ecological model approach, of 106 articles examining the effect of disability on food access and (in)security. Results of... (Review)
Review
A scoping review was conducted, using a social ecological model approach, of 106 articles examining the effect of disability on food access and (in)security. Results of the review show a consistently increased risk of food insecurity among people with disabilities with a higher risk for mental health disabilities, and among disabled younger adults. Mediators of this relationship were underexplored. Disability was mainly conceptualized as a problematic category preventing food access while ignoring disabling social and environmental barriers. A social model of disability can inform future research by acknowledging the role of socio-environmental influences on the production and experience(s) of disability.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Food Supply; Humans; Internationality; Mental Disorders; Mobility Limitation; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31026771
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.03.011 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Active tourism improves human health and well-being regardless of age or disabilities. The paper analyses and describes current issues concerning the tourism of people... (Review)
Review
Active tourism improves human health and well-being regardless of age or disabilities. The paper analyses and describes current issues concerning the tourism of people with disabilities. The starting point is the currently insufficient availability of tourist offers for individuals with considerable motor dysfunctions. One of the causes for these limitations stems from deficiencies in transport means for people with disabilities. It was found that for a disabled passenger using public transport, it is crucial to consider its accessibility in the context of the entire transport system. Another cause is the limited popularity of innovative, atypical assistive equipment for people with disabilities. Those insights point out that novel assistive technologies need to be developed, as it is necessary to more effectively support the activity of people with disabilities in all areas of life, including tourism, as this enhances their social rehabilitation. This paper indicates the needs and describes and analyses examples of own original, innovative devices supporting the areas mentioned above of activity for people with disabilities. These analyses resulted in developing an algorithm to design innovative equipment, considerably expanding the tourism potential of people with motor disabilities. This design process focuses on the needs of people with disabilities and facilitates the development of novel classes of assistive technologies, thus promoting new areas of activity for all.
Topics: Humans; Tourism; Self-Help Devices; Disabled Persons
PubMed: 36361066
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114186 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022This research aimed to map evidence about system supports and gaps for Australians with psychosocial disabilities and life-limiting diagnoses. A scoping review of... (Review)
Review
This research aimed to map evidence about system supports and gaps for Australians with psychosocial disabilities and life-limiting diagnoses. A scoping review of available policy documents, academic, and grey literature was completed to discover key characteristics of this concept and provide context around the phenomenon. Our focus was on Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), a key reform providing support to the disability population nationally. No peer-reviewed or grey literature was retrieved on the phenomena. Therefore, three lines of enquiry were developed: experiences of NDIS participants living with psychosocial disabilities; the death, dying, and palliative care supports and experiences of NDIS participants of any disability type; and the experiences for people living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) and life-limiting diagnoses. Five themes were identified: (1) the person; (2) advocacy; (3) informal supports; (4) formal supports; and (5) existing research. NDIS participants living with SPMI and their informal and formal support systems are still struggling to navigate the NDIS. While there are no specific publications about their end-of-life experiences, people with SPMI often experience poor end-of-life outcomes. Rigorous research into their death, dying, and palliative care experiences is needed to inform improved support to them, including their end-of-life care.
Topics: Australia; Chronic Disease; Disabled Persons; Humans; Insurance, Disability; Palliative Care; Terminal Care
PubMed: 36011776
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610144 -
Nursing Research 2020Black men experience the highest rate of disability compared to White, Asian, and Hispanic men. Yet, we know little about how Black men with disabilities experience the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Black men experience the highest rate of disability compared to White, Asian, and Hispanic men. Yet, we know little about how Black men with disabilities experience the embodiment of their gender, race, social class, and disability positionalities and how they draw from their cultural backgrounds as they engage in health-seeking behaviors.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to explore how young Black men experienced the onset of chronic disabling conditions while negotiating health-promoting activities in the context of gender, race, social class, disability positionalities, and culture.
METHODS
This descriptive study used hermeneutic phenomenology to achieve study objectives. This study's research questions were answered using audiotaped, one-on-one qualitative interviews, along with detailed field notes. Each participant was interviewed twice at a mutually decided upon location to ensure their privacy and comfort.
RESULTS
In relation to their embodied interactions of self in the context of disability, these men described their health-related decisions using four themes: maintaining manhood, economic constraints, the "risk" of healthcare, and health promotion.
CONCLUSIONS
By examining the experiences of young adult Black men living with disabilities, knowledge of their perspectives and experiences at earlier stages in their life course contributes to the understanding of their personal challenges, health needs, and their perspectives of health-promoting strategies.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Attitude to Health; Disabled Persons; Health Behavior; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research; United States; White People
PubMed: 31834116
DOI: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000396 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Feb 2021The current practice for low vision management in India exclusively focuses on clinical aspects without much of the rehabilitation components. While making all efforts... (Review)
Review
The current practice for low vision management in India exclusively focuses on clinical aspects without much of the rehabilitation components. While making all efforts to improve independent living skills, daily living activities, and quality of life as a whole for people living visual disabilities, vision rehabilitation is an indispensable component. There is no single appropriate low vision and rehabilitation model implementable at health care institutions in the country to cover these fundamental aspects of a visually impaired individual. We did a literature review to know the existing practices of low vision and various disability models. The purpose of the review is to discern any pitfalls and shortcomings in managing visually disabled in India and to underpin the credibility and feasibility as well as suitability of the developed model. The review was done using search key terms low vision, current practices, visual disability, disability models, vision rehabilitation, and service delivery. Therefore, the article discusses the development of an inclusive low vision management model name as "Clinico-Social Model", which we consider the most appropriate for the best management of people with vision loss. The primary aim of this model is to provide both clinical and vision rehabilitation components of management for people with visual disabilities. Such an approach is likely to have the potential to improve the quality of life of people with vision loss and can provide practical guide to eye care managers across India. Given the specific context in the current practices of low vision in India, it is desirable to design a similar model to care for the visually disabled.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; India; Quality of Life; Vision, Low; Visually Impaired Persons
PubMed: 33463601
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_236_20 -
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... Jul 2015Understanding the prevalence of disability is important for public health programs to be able to address the needs of persons with disabilities. Beginning in 2013, to...
Understanding the prevalence of disability is important for public health programs to be able to address the needs of persons with disabilities. Beginning in 2013, to measure disability prevalence by functional type, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), added five questions to identify disability in vision, cognition, mobility, self-care, and independent living. CDC analyzed data from the 2013 BRFSS to assess overall prevalence of any disability, as well as specific types of disability among noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. Across all states, disabilities in mobility and cognition were the most frequently reported types. State-level prevalence of each disability type ranged from 2.7% to 8.1% (vision); 6.9% to 16.8% (cognition); 8.5% to 20.7% (mobility); 1.9% to 6.2% (self-care) and 4.2% to 10.8% (independent living). A higher prevalence of any disability was generally seen among adults living in states in the South and among women (24.4%) compared with men (19.8%). Prevalences of any disability and disability in mobility were higher among older age groups. These are the first data on functional disability types available in a state-based health survey. This information can help public health programs identify the prevalence of and demographic characteristics associated with different disability types among U.S. adults and better target appropriate interventions to reduce health disparities.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Cognition Disorders; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Independent Living; Male; Middle Aged; Mobility Limitation; Prevalence; Self Care; United States; Vision Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 26225475
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6429a2 -
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine Feb 2021Many patients have disabilities; it is therefore essential that medical education includes comprehensive teaching on disability and rehabilitation. In 2006 Hannover...
BACKGROUND
Many patients have disabilities; it is therefore essential that medical education includes comprehensive teaching on disability and rehabilitation. In 2006 Hannover Medical School implemented an introductory course in the curriculum for medical students, on how to communicate with persons with disability and the need for rehabilitation. The course, entitled "Introduction to medicine", has the main goals of teaching the strategy and systematic approach of medicine to solving patients' problems.
METHODS
This paper describes the content, methods and outcomes of 1 of the 4 main themes of the "Introduction to medicine" course; the theme "Pain and disability", which is covered in the second week of the course.
RESULTS
Evaluation of the "Pain and disability" module found that students' ratings for the category "patient involvement" were very high (93%), whereas their ratings for the category "examination of student knowledge" were low. The overall rating of the module was "good" (10.8 out of 15 points), but not "very good".
CONCLUSION
The concept of the "Pain and disability" module is feasible and successful, even though it is scheduled early in the first year of the curriculum and approximately 350 students participate. Factors related to this success are: a mixture of teaching knowledge, supporting students' understanding, and applying communication and physical examination skills.
Topics: Curriculum; Disabled Persons; Humans; Students, Medical
PubMed: 33594446
DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2797 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022The aim of this systematic review was to identify the main factors affecting the training process of para-athletes, as well as the barriers they encounter. For this... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review was to identify the main factors affecting the training process of para-athletes, as well as the barriers they encounter. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA declaration guidelines, in which six databases were analysed (Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, Pubmed, Eric, and PsycInfo). A total of 19 articles were selected for analysis after applying the inclusion criteria. The results show that the figures of the coach and families in the sporting and social contexts, respectively, had a relevant influence on the training process of para-athletes. Furthermore, in terms of psychological aspects, stress reduction, the importance of self-esteem, and motivation were highlighted. On the other hand, there are some barriers hindering the training and performance of athletes, which are related to the lack of financial support, lack of visibility in the media, and dependence on other people. These considerations can be of great help to coaches and competent institutions in the field (Paralympic committees, federations, etc.) in order to improve the training process and performance of para-athletes and to eliminate the barriers encountered by this group, promoting policies which facilitate access to sports for people with disabilities.
Topics: Athletes; Disabled Persons; Humans; Motivation; Para-Athletes; Sports
PubMed: 35742492
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127242 -
The Gerontologist Aug 2014Among older persons, disability in activities of daily living is common and highly morbid. The Precipitating Events Project (PEP Study), an ongoing longitudinal study of... (Review)
Review
Among older persons, disability in activities of daily living is common and highly morbid. The Precipitating Events Project (PEP Study), an ongoing longitudinal study of 754 initially nondisabled, community-living persons, aged 70 or older, was designed to further elucidate the epidemiology of disability, with the goal of informing the development of effective interventions to maintain and restore independent function. Over the past 16 years, participants have completed comprehensive, home-based assessments at 18-month intervals and have been interviewed monthly to reassess their functional status and ascertain intervening events, other health care utilization, and deaths. Findings from the PEP Study have demonstrated that the disabling process for many older persons is characterized by multiple and possibly interrelated disability episodes, even over relatively short periods of time, and that disability often results when an intervening event is superimposed upon a vulnerable host. Given the frequency of assessments, long duration of follow-up, and recent linkage to Medicare data, the PEP Study will continue to be an outstanding platform for disability research in older persons. In addition, as the number of decedents accrues, the PEP Study will increasingly become a valuable resource for investigating symptoms, function, and health care utilization at the end of life.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Frail Elderly; Humans; Problem Solving
PubMed: 25035454
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu067 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Dec 2023The number of disabled persons is most often only estimated. The disabled require multidirectional, effective support in almost every field of functioning. There is no...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
The number of disabled persons is most often only estimated. The disabled require multidirectional, effective support in almost every field of functioning. There is no arbitrarily accepted definition of disability, and those currently available outline the ranges of support for which rehabilitation measures are necessary.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the review is to present the problem areas that contribute to the definition of disability and their interdependence and effectiveness in relation to rehabilitation interventions, as well as identification of the most frequent medical and social problems interdependent on the quality and feasibility of rehabilitation interventions.
REVIEW METHODS
Scientific literature in Polish and English for 1993-2023 and legal acts concerning the definition of disability, definition of rehabilitation and the problem of employment were reviewed. The following key words were used to search the NIZP-PZH, MZ, JAHEE and ISAP databases: disabled persons, definitions of disability, rehabilitation as a process, synchronization of thematic groups of disability definitions with the rehabilitation process.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
Disability is a public health problem. The actual determination of the extent, medical and social needs of people with disabilities involves methods and measures for classifying people as disabled. The effects of treatment and rehabilitation are assessed by the level of functioning of the disabled in society.
SUMMARY
The multiplicity of characteristics included in the definitions of disability account for all problems in health and social terms. In view of the social, environmental and cultural changes, the scope of needs of people with disabilities is also changing, which can be seen in newly-developed definitions, including rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons; Employment; Poland; Public Health
PubMed: 38153059
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/177341