-
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Feb 2022To explore the application value of virtual autopsy to obtain key evidence information on drowned corpses and its application value of virtual autopsy in the diagnosis...
OBJECTIVES
To explore the application value of virtual autopsy to obtain key evidence information on drowned corpses and its application value of virtual autopsy in the diagnosis of drowning.
METHODS
In this study, 7 corpses were selected as the research objects. The image data of corpses were collected by computed tomography (CT) before conventional autopsy. The characteristics of corpses were observed through image reading, combined with virtual measurement indexes, and compared with 15 non-drowned corpses.
RESULTS
The postmortem CT of drowning showed the more fluid in respiratory tract than the non-drowning, and ground-glass opacities in the lung. The statistical volume of fluid in the sinus (maxillary sinus and sphenoid sinus) was (10.24±4.70) mL in drowning cases and (2.02±2.45) mL in non-drowning cases. The average CT value of fluid in the sinus, left atrial blood and gastric contents in drowning cases were (15.91±17.20), (52.57±9.24) and (10.33±12.81) HU, respectively, which were lower than those in non-drowning cases (<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The comprehensive consideration of multiple characteristic image manifestations and the virtual measurement indexes are helpful to the forensic pathological diagnosis of drowning. Virtual autopsy can be used as an auxiliary method in the forensic diagnosis of drowning.
Topics: Autopsy; Cadaver; Drowning; Forensic Pathology; Humans; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35725704
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.410806 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Jun 2023Drowning is the third leading cause of injury death in the pediatric population worldwide, with incidence peaking among those aged 1-4 years and again in adolescence.The... (Review)
Review
Drowning is the third leading cause of injury death in the pediatric population worldwide, with incidence peaking among those aged 1-4 years and again in adolescence.The purpose of this commentary is to review the basic pathophysiology of drowninginjury and factors that affect the outcome, such as submersion and hypothermia. We also discuss principles of prehospital and in-hospital management, comprising resuscitation and stabilization, administration of oxygen and intravenous liquids, and central reheating.Even though the mortality rate has decreased in recent years, further investments and safety measures are needed to prevent child drowning deaths.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Drowning; Resuscitation; Oxygen
PubMed: 37316902
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01464-1 -
Journal of Safety Research Jun 2023Amongst pool lifeguards, the capacity to identify drowning swimmers quickly and accurately depends on the interpretation of critical cues. However, assessing the...
INTRODUCTION
Amongst pool lifeguards, the capacity to identify drowning swimmers quickly and accurately depends on the interpretation of critical cues. However, assessing the capacity for cue utilization amongst lifeguards at present is costly, time-consuming, and largely subjective. The aim of this study was to test the relationship between cue utilization and the detection of drowning swimmers in a series of virtual public swimming pool scenarios.
METHOD
Eighty-seven participants with or without lifeguarding experience engaged in three virtual scenarios, two of which were target scenarios where drowning events occurred within a 13 minute or 23 minute period of watch. Cue utilization was assessed using the pool lifeguarding edition of the EXPERTise 2.0 software following which 23 participants were classified with higher cue utilization, while the remaining participants were classified with lower cue utilization.
RESULTS
The results revealed that participants with higher cue utilization were more likely to have acquired experience as a lifeguard, were more likely to detect the drowning swimmer within a three minute period, and, in the case of the 13 minute scenario, recorded a greater dwell time on the drowning victim prior to the drowning event.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that cue utilization is associated with drowning detection performance in a simulated environment and could be employed as a basis for assessments of performance amongst lifeguards in the future.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Measures of cue utilization are associated with the timely detection of drowning victims in virtual pool lifeguarding scenarios. Employers and trainers of lifeguards can potentially augment existing lifeguarding assessment programs to quickly and cost-effectively identify the capabilities of lifeguards. This is especially useful for new lifeguards or where pool lifeguarding is a seasonal activity that might be associated with skill decay.
Topics: Humans; Drowning; Cues; Swimming Pools; Records
PubMed: 37330888
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.04.006 -
Injury Prevention : Journal of the... Apr 2022Drowning and climate change are both significant global health threats, yet little research links climate change to drowning risk. Research into the epidemiology, risk... (Review)
Review
Drowning and climate change are both significant global health threats, yet little research links climate change to drowning risk. Research into the epidemiology, risk factors and preventive strategies for unintentional drowning in high-income and in low-income and middle-income countries has expanded understanding, but understanding of disaster and extreme weather-related drowning needs research focus. As nation states and researchers call for action on climate change, its impact on drowning has been largely ignored. This state-of-the-art review considers existing literature on climate change as a contributor to changes in drowning risks globally. Using selected climate change-related risks identified by the World Meteorological Organization and key risks to the Sustainable Development Goals as a framework, we consider the drowning risks associated with heat waves, hydrometeorological hazards, drought and water scarcity, damaged infrastructure, marine ecosystem collapse, displacement, and rising poverty and inequality. Although the degree of atmospheric warming remains uncertain, the impact of climate change on drowning risk is already taking place and can no longer be ignored. Greater evidence characterising the links between drowning and climate change across both high-income and low-income and middle-income contexts is required, and the implementation and evaluation of drowning interventions must reflect climate change risks at a local level, accounting for both geographical variation and the consequences of inequality. Furthermore, collaboration between the injury prevention, disaster risk reduction and climate change mitigation sectors is crucial to both prevent climate change from stalling progress on preventing drowning and further advocate for climate change mitigation as a drowning risk reduction mechanism.
Topics: Climate Change; Disasters; Drowning; Ecosystem; Humans; Sustainable Development
PubMed: 35197275
DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044486 -
Journal of Community Health Jun 2023Adult drowning is a complex and multifactorial public health challenge requiring community, national and global efforts to mitigate impacts. This study updates the... (Review)
Review
Adult drowning is a complex and multifactorial public health challenge requiring community, national and global efforts to mitigate impacts. This study updates the evidence base for public health interventions that address adult fatal and non-fatal drowning. A systematic review was undertaken of the peer-reviewed literature for English-language primary studies published between 2011 and 2021describing a drowning intervention with adults. Twenty-two studies were included. Most studies (n = 16) were conducted in high-income countries. Yearly trends in drowning prevention intervention publications were analysed with 2015 (n = 6) the peak publishing year. Over half of the study designs were pre-post (n = 15). Intervention duration ranged from 4 hours to 11 years. Ten studies described either behaviour change theory or formative evaluation to inform design. Thirteen studies targeted interventions at a population level, seven at a group level and two at individual level. Studies identified a range of prevention strategies, categorised as behavioural (n = 9) (e.g., swimming lessons), socio-ecological (n = 8) (e.g., mandatory personal flotation devices) and mixed (n = 5) (e.g., awareness campaign and barriers to prevent access to water). A range of outcomes were described including changes in awareness, water safety knowledge, attitudes, water safety behaviours and skills, environmental, policy and regulation changes and drowning rates. Findings indicate a small but important increase in the evaluation and publication of effective interventions to prevent adult drowning. The complexity of the issues surrounding drowning requires multi-strategy and context -specific adult focused prevention interventions. Contemporary evidence that identifies effective interventions that contribute to prevention efforts is an essential first step in addressing the challenge.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Drowning; Swimming; Research Design; Water
PubMed: 36653593
DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01189-6 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Feb 2022Drowning is the death caused by asphyxiation due to fluid blocking the airway. In the practice of forensic medicine, it is the key to determine whether the corpse was... (Review)
Review
Drowning is the death caused by asphyxiation due to fluid blocking the airway. In the practice of forensic medicine, it is the key to determine whether the corpse was drowned or entered the water after death. At the same time, the drowning site inference and postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) play an important role in the investigating the identity of the deceased, narrowing the investigation scope, and solving the case. Based on diatoms testing, molecular biology, imaging and artificial intelligence and other technologies, domestic and foreign forensic scientists have done relative research in the identification of the cause of death, drowning site inference and PMSI, and achieved certain results in forensic medicine application. In order to provide a reference for future study of bodies in the water, this paper summarizes the above research contents.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Diatoms; Drowning; Forensic Pathology; Humans; Lung; Water
PubMed: 35725698
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.410625 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Jun 2019Dead bodies found in the water are not all caused by drowning. The important task of forensic identification is to distinguish between entering the water before and... (Review)
Review
Dead bodies found in the water are not all caused by drowning. The important task of forensic identification is to distinguish between entering the water before and after death, and to clarify the cause of death. In the practice of forensic identification, drowning is generally diagnosed on the basis of comprehensive considerations such as cadaveric signs, histopathological examinations, and diatom tests, with the exclusion of other causes of death. The emergence of virtopsy techniques provides new insights for the diagnosis of drowning. This paper reviews the post-mortem imaging studies of sinus and mastoid small chambers, respiratory tracts, lung tissues, gastrointestinal tracts and blood in the corpses in recent years. The value, potential of virtopsy in the diagnosis of drowning is discussed, with the prospects of its development direction.
Topics: Cadaver; Diatoms; Drowning; Forensic Pathology; Humans; Lung
PubMed: 31282630
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2019.03.013 -
The Lancet. Public Health Sep 2021Drowning is a leading killer, particularly of children and young adults, yet has been greatly neglected. Despite accounting for a higher number of deaths than many other... (Review)
Review
Drowning is a leading killer, particularly of children and young adults, yet has been greatly neglected. Despite accounting for a higher number of deaths than many other substantial public health issues, drowning has not benefitted from the targeted attention it requires, which is particularly tragic because low cost and effective drowning prevention interventions exist. Therefore, the recent UN General Assembly's adoption of a resolution on global drowning prevention is a historic first, and offers an exciting opportunity by providing a comprehensive framework and a practical roadmap that a range of actors and sectors, including governments, can follow to address the challenge of drowning prevention.
Topics: Drowning; Global Health; Humans; Public Health; United Nations
PubMed: 34310906
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00165-1 -
Cell May 2019The virome is increasingly recognized as a key part of individual cells (as endogenous retroviruses or persistent infection) and multicellular organisms (as either...
The virome is increasingly recognized as a key part of individual cells (as endogenous retroviruses or persistent infection) and multicellular organisms (as either pathogens or commensals) and, as shown by Gregory et al. (2019), as diverse components of ocean ecosystems.
Topics: DNA; Drowning; Humans; Microbiota; Viruses
PubMed: 31100262
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.045 -
Anaesthesia Aug 2014
Topics: Airway Management; Female; Humans; Male; Manikins; Near Drowning; Respiration, Artificial
PubMed: 25039949
DOI: 10.1111/anae.12800