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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is used as a dietary supplement because of its health-promoting properties. However, concern over the use of synthetic products has...
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is used as a dietary supplement because of its health-promoting properties. However, concern over the use of synthetic products has increased the demand for foods that are naturally fortified with GABA. In addition, excess whey is a major concern for the dairy industry due to the high cost of treating it. Here, we report the use of a novel strain isolated from cheese to produce sweet whey beverages naturally enriched with GABA. After the screening of cheese isolates, strains were identified as high GABA producers. One beverage was prepared from pasteurized sweet whey enriched in glutamic acid and SJC25. The fermented beverages were supplemented with a fruit preparation and subjected to chemical, microbiological and sensory analysis. The bacterial counts and GABA content were maintained until storage at 4 °C for 14 days. High conversion rates of glutamic acid to GABA (50-71%) were obtained in the beverages. The GABA content in whey-based beverages reached 250-300 mg/100 mL, which is equivalent to the content of commercially available GABA supplements. The beverages received a positive rating (4/5) by the taste panel. To our knowledge, this is the first report on as a potential GABA producer.
PubMed: 35159597
DOI: 10.3390/foods11030447 -
Archives of Razi Institute Sep 2018Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of the mammals and birds. These cocci are isolated from urinary...
Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of the mammals and birds. These cocci are isolated from urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and burn wounds in humans. The evolution of antibiotic-resistant enterococci raised a problem due to the possibility of the transmission of these organisms between poultry and human. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Enterococcus species among companion birds and poultry in the Northeastern of Iran and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of enterococci. To this end, oral and cloacal swabs were collected from 150 caged birds. Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined using the standard disk diffusion method. The results revealed that out of 150 samples, 56 (37.33%) cases contained enterococci. Most of the specimens (25.33%) were Enterococcus faecalis isolated from 6.66% of the samples. Additionally, 2.66% and 1.33% of the samples were contaminated with Enterococcus mundtii and Enterococcus gallinarum, respectively. Furthermore, Enterococcus malodoratus and Enterococcus raffinosus were isolated from 0.66% of the samples. The results revealed that all of the isolates of E. faecalis and E. faecium were resistant to more than five antimicrobial agents. Most of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates showed resistance to Cefazolin, Tiamulin, Flumequine, and Cephalexin. Accordingly, the majority of the isolates had multidrug resistance to the tested antibiotics. In conclusion, the presence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in the birds living close to humans requires thorough observations due to the transmission of these organisms to humans.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bird Diseases; Birds; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Iran; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pets; Poultry; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 30280840
DOI: 10.22092/ari.2017.108332.1089 -
BMC Cancer Nov 2021Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing chemotherapy experience a relatively high risk of infection. And the disturbance of gut microbiota is... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing chemotherapy experience a relatively high risk of infection. And the disturbance of gut microbiota is generally believed to impair intestinal barrier function and may induce bacterial infections and inflammation. The study aimed to investigate the alterations in the gut microbiota and assess its relationship with chemotherapy-induced pneumonia in pediatric ALL patients.
METHODS
We conducted a case-control study with 14 cases affected by pneumonia and 44 unaffected subjects and characterized the physiological parameters and gut microbiota by microarray-based technique.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in α- and β-diversity in the affected group compared with the control group. At species level, the LEfSe analysis revealed that Enterococcus malodoratus, Ochrobactrum anthropi and Actinomyces cardiffensis were significantly abundant in the affected subjects. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve yielded the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.773 for classification between the two groups. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways involved in the bacterial secretion system were more enriched in the affected group than in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Gut microbiota alteration was associated with chemotherapy-induced pneumonia in pediatric ALL patients, which provided a new perspective on the personalized clinical care of pediatric ALL.
Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Case-Control Studies; Child; Dysbiosis; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Induction Chemotherapy; Male; Pneumonia; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
PubMed: 34749705
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08917-y -
Nature Communications Sep 2023The human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes secretes a short peptide (leaderless communication peptide, LCP) that mediates intercellular communication and controls...
The human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes secretes a short peptide (leaderless communication peptide, LCP) that mediates intercellular communication and controls bacterial virulence through interaction with its receptor, RopB. Here, we show that LCP and RopB homologues are present in other Firmicutes. We experimentally validate that LCPs with distinct peptide communication codes act as bacterial intercellular signals and regulate gene expression in Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus porcinus, Enterococcus malodoratus and Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Our results indicate that LCPs are more widespread than previously thought, and their characterization may uncover new signaling mechanisms and roles in coordinating diverse bacterial traits.
Topics: Humans; Firmicutes; Quorum Sensing; Cell Communication; Peptides; Phenotype
PubMed: 37741855
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41719-3 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The pathway and the lifestyle of known enterococcus species are too complicated. The aim of the present study is to trace the path of pathogenicity of enterococci...
The pathway and the lifestyle of known enterococcus species are too complicated. The aim of the present study is to trace the path of pathogenicity of enterococci isolated from seven habitats ( intestine; Bulgarian yoghurt; goat and cow feta cheese-mature and young, respectively; Arabian street food-doner kebab; cow milk; and human breast milk) by comparing their pathogenic potential. In total, 72 enterococcal strains were isolated and identified by MALDI-TOF, sequencing, and PCR. Hemolytic and gelatinase activity were biochemically determined. PCR was carried out for detection of virulence factors (, , , , , , and ) and antibiotic resistance (, , , , , , , , and ). Phenotypic antibiotic resistance was assigned according to EUCAST. Eleven representatives of the genus were identified: , , , , , , , , , , and Twenty-two strains expressed α-hemolysis. Thirteen strains had the gene. Only two strains expressed α-hemolysis and possessed the gene simultaneously. Positive amplification for was found in 35% of the isolates, but phenotypic gelatinase activity was observed only in three strains. All isolates showed varying antibiotic resistance. Only BM15 showed multiple resistance (AMP-HLSR-RP). Correlation between genotypic and phenotypic macrolide resistance was revealed for two strains.
PubMed: 38251343
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010036 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021Entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: and ) are a group of organisms capable of infecting larvae of insects living in soil, including representatives of the family ....
Entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: and ) are a group of organisms capable of infecting larvae of insects living in soil, including representatives of the family . Their insecticidal activity is related to the presence of symbiotic bacteria spp. or spp. in the alimentary tract, which are released into the insect body, leading to its death caused by bacterial toxins and septicemia. Although the antibacterial activities of symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes have been well described, there is insufficient knowledge of the interactions between these bacteria and microorganisms that naturally inhabit the alimentary tract of insects infested by nematodes. In this study, 900 bacterial strains isolated from midgut samples of larvae were tested for their antagonistic activity against the selected five and species. Cross-streak tests showed significant antibacterial activity of 20 isolates. These bacteria were identified as , , , , sp., , , sp., and sp. Since some representatives of the intestinal microbiota of are able to inhibit the growth of and bacteria in vitro, it can be assumed that this type of bacterial interaction may occur at certain stages of insect infection by or nematodes.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Toxins; Coleoptera; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Larva; Photorhabdus; Symbiosis; Xenorhabdus
PubMed: 34769435
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112005