-
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 2002Light yellow-pigmented (strain PQ1) and yellow-pigmented (strain PQ2), gram-positive, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacteria consisting of pairs or chains of cocci were...
Light yellow-pigmented (strain PQ1) and yellow-pigmented (strain PQ2), gram-positive, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacteria consisting of pairs or chains of cocci were isolated from the bile of a patient with cholecystitis (PQ1) and the peritoneal dialysate of another patient with peritonitis (PQ2). Morphologically and biochemically, the organisms phenotypically belonged to the genus Eterococcus. Whole-cell protein (WCP) analysis and sequence analysis of a segment of the 16S rRNA gene suggested that they are new species within the genus Enterococcus. PQ1 and PQ2 displayed less than 70% identities to other enterococcal species by WCP analysis. Sequence analysis showed that PQ1 shared the highest level of sequence similarity with Enterococcus raffinosus and E. malodoratus (sequence similarities of 99.8% to these two species). Sequence analysis of PQ2 showed that it had the highest degrees of sequence identity with the group I enterococci E. malodoratus (98.7%), E. raffinosus (98.6%), E. avium (98.6%), and E. pseudoavium (98.6%). PQ1 and PQ2 can be differentiated from the other Enterococcus spp. in groups II, III, IV, and V by their phenotypic characteristics: PQ1 and PQ2 produce acid from mannitol and sorbose and do not hydrolyze arginine, placing them in group I. The yellow pigmentation differentiates these strains from the other group I enterococci. PQ1 and PQ2 can be differentiated from each other since PQ1 does not produce acid from arabinose, whereas PQ2 does. Also, PQ1 is Enterococcus Accuprobe assay positive and pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolysis positive, whereas PQ2 is negative by these assays. The name Enterococcus gilvus sp. nov. is proposed for strain PQ1, and the name Enterococcus pallens sp. nov. is proposed for strain PQ2. Type strains have been deposited in culture collections as E. gilvus ATCC BAA-350 (CCUG 45553) and E. pallens ATCC BAA-351 (CCUG 45554).
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bile; Cholecystitis; DNA, Ribosomal; Enterococcus; Fatty Acids; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Peritonitis; Pigments, Biological; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 11923322
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.4.1140-1145.2002 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is used as a dietary supplement because of its health-promoting properties. However, concern over the use of synthetic products has...
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is used as a dietary supplement because of its health-promoting properties. However, concern over the use of synthetic products has increased the demand for foods that are naturally fortified with GABA. In addition, excess whey is a major concern for the dairy industry due to the high cost of treating it. Here, we report the use of a novel strain isolated from cheese to produce sweet whey beverages naturally enriched with GABA. After the screening of cheese isolates, strains were identified as high GABA producers. One beverage was prepared from pasteurized sweet whey enriched in glutamic acid and SJC25. The fermented beverages were supplemented with a fruit preparation and subjected to chemical, microbiological and sensory analysis. The bacterial counts and GABA content were maintained until storage at 4 °C for 14 days. High conversion rates of glutamic acid to GABA (50-71%) were obtained in the beverages. The GABA content in whey-based beverages reached 250-300 mg/100 mL, which is equivalent to the content of commercially available GABA supplements. The beverages received a positive rating (4/5) by the taste panel. To our knowledge, this is the first report on as a potential GABA producer.
PubMed: 35159597
DOI: 10.3390/foods11030447 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2000Data from four recent studies (S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:2164-2166, 1998; S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:818-823, 1996; S. H. Goh et al., J....
Identification of Enterococcus species and phenotypically similar Lactococcus and Vagococcus species by reverse checkerboard hybridization to chaperonin 60 gene sequences.
Data from four recent studies (S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:2164-2166, 1998; S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:818-823, 1996; S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:3116-3121, 1997; A. Y. C. Kwok et al., Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:1181-1192, 1999) suggest that an approximately 600-bp region of the chaperonin 60 (Cpn60) gene, amplified by PCR with a single pair of degenerate primers, has utility as a potentially universal target for bacterial identification (ID). This Cpn60 gene ID method correctly identified isolates representative of numerous staphylococcal species and Streptococcus iniae, a human and animal pathogen. We report herein that this method enabled us to distinguish clearly between 17 Enterococcus species (Enterococcus asini, Enterococcus rattus, Enterococcus dispar, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus cecorum, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus malodoratus, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus pseudoavium, Enterococcus new sp. strain Facklam, and Enterococcus saccharolyticus), and Vagococcus fluvialis, Lactococcus lactis, and Lactococcus garvieae. From 123 blind-tested samples, only two discrepancies were observed between the Facklam and Collins phenotyping method (R. R. Facklam and M. D. Collins, J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:731-734, 1989) and the Cpn60 ID method. In each case, the discrepancies were resolved in favor of the Cpn60 ID method. The species distributions of the 123 blind-tested isolates were Enterococcus new sp. strain Facklam (ATCC 700913), 3; E. asini, 1; E. rattus, 4; E. dispar, 2; E. gallinarum, 20; E. hirae, 9; E. durans, 9; E. faecalis, 12; E. mundtii, 3; E. casseliflavus, 8; E. faecium, 25; E. malodoratus, 3; E. raffinosus, 8; E. avium, 4; E. pseudoavium, 1; an unknown Enterococcus clinical isolate, sp. strain R871; Vagococcus fluvialis, 4; Lactococcus garvieae, 3; Lactococcus lactis, 3; Leuconostoc sp., 1; and Pediococcus sp., 1. The Cpn60 gene ID method, coupled with reverse checkerboard hybridization, is an effective method for the identification of Enterococcus and related organisms.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Chaperonin 60; Enterococcus; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Lactococcus; Luminescent Measurements; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 11060051
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.11.3953-3959.2000 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jan 2009Four local small-scale factories were studied to determine the sources of enterococci in traditional fermented sausages.
AIMS
Four local small-scale factories were studied to determine the sources of enterococci in traditional fermented sausages.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Different points during the production of a traditional fermented sausage type (fuet) were evaluated. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was used to type 596 Enterococcus isolates from the final products, the initial meat batter, the casing, the workers' hands and the equipment. Species-specific PCR-multiplex and the partial sequencing of atpA gene and 16S rRNA gene sequencing allowed the identification of the isolates: Enterococcus faecalis (31.4%), Enterococcus faecium (30.7%), Enterococcus sanguinicola (14.9%), Enterococcus devriesei (9.7%), Enterococcus malodoratus (7.2%), Enterococcus gilvus (1.0%), Enterococcus gallinarum (1.3%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (3.4%), Enterococcus hermanniensis (0.2%), and Enterococcus durans (0.2%). A total of 92 different RAPD-PCR profiles were distributed among the different factories and samples evaluated. Most of the genotypes found in fuet samples were traced back to their source.
CONCLUSIONS
The major sources of enterococci in the traditional fermented sausages studied were mainly the equipment followed by the raw ingredients, although a low proportion was traced back to human origin.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This work contributes to determine the source of enterococcal contamination in fermented sausages and also to the knowledge of the meat environment.
Topics: DNA, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Food Contamination; Food Industry; Food Microbiology; Meat Products; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
PubMed: 19120623
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03976.x -
Archives of Razi Institute Sep 2018Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of the mammals and birds. These cocci are isolated from urinary...
Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of the mammals and birds. These cocci are isolated from urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and burn wounds in humans. The evolution of antibiotic-resistant enterococci raised a problem due to the possibility of the transmission of these organisms between poultry and human. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Enterococcus species among companion birds and poultry in the Northeastern of Iran and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of enterococci. To this end, oral and cloacal swabs were collected from 150 caged birds. Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined using the standard disk diffusion method. The results revealed that out of 150 samples, 56 (37.33%) cases contained enterococci. Most of the specimens (25.33%) were Enterococcus faecalis isolated from 6.66% of the samples. Additionally, 2.66% and 1.33% of the samples were contaminated with Enterococcus mundtii and Enterococcus gallinarum, respectively. Furthermore, Enterococcus malodoratus and Enterococcus raffinosus were isolated from 0.66% of the samples. The results revealed that all of the isolates of E. faecalis and E. faecium were resistant to more than five antimicrobial agents. Most of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates showed resistance to Cefazolin, Tiamulin, Flumequine, and Cephalexin. Accordingly, the majority of the isolates had multidrug resistance to the tested antibiotics. In conclusion, the presence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in the birds living close to humans requires thorough observations due to the transmission of these organisms to humans.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bird Diseases; Birds; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Iran; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pets; Poultry; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 30280840
DOI: 10.22092/ari.2017.108332.1089 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The pathway and the lifestyle of known enterococcus species are too complicated. The aim of the present study is to trace the path of pathogenicity of enterococci...
The pathway and the lifestyle of known enterococcus species are too complicated. The aim of the present study is to trace the path of pathogenicity of enterococci isolated from seven habitats ( intestine; Bulgarian yoghurt; goat and cow feta cheese-mature and young, respectively; Arabian street food-doner kebab; cow milk; and human breast milk) by comparing their pathogenic potential. In total, 72 enterococcal strains were isolated and identified by MALDI-TOF, sequencing, and PCR. Hemolytic and gelatinase activity were biochemically determined. PCR was carried out for detection of virulence factors (, , , , , , and ) and antibiotic resistance (, , , , , , , , and ). Phenotypic antibiotic resistance was assigned according to EUCAST. Eleven representatives of the genus were identified: , , , , , , , , , , and Twenty-two strains expressed α-hemolysis. Thirteen strains had the gene. Only two strains expressed α-hemolysis and possessed the gene simultaneously. Positive amplification for was found in 35% of the isolates, but phenotypic gelatinase activity was observed only in three strains. All isolates showed varying antibiotic resistance. Only BM15 showed multiple resistance (AMP-HLSR-RP). Correlation between genotypic and phenotypic macrolide resistance was revealed for two strains.
PubMed: 38251343
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010036 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 1997Accurate species identification of enterococci has become important with the wide prevalence of acquired vancomycin resistance and the presence of less epidemiologically...
Accurate species identification of enterococci has become important with the wide prevalence of acquired vancomycin resistance and the presence of less epidemiologically important, inherently vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Using a collection of enterococcal strains, we found that PCR amplification of the intergenic spacer (ITS-PCR) between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes can produce amplicon profiles characteristic of the enterococcus examined. The species examined were group I enterococci (Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus malodoratus, and Enterococcus pseudoavium), group II enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus mundtii, and Enterococcus gallinarum), and group III enterococci (Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus hirae). The enterococcal species in group I, as well as E. faecalis and two strains of E. hirae, were similar and therefore had to be differentiated from each other by Sau3A restriction digests. This produced patterns characteristic of each of these species. The remaining group II and group III enterococcal species produced amplicons characteristic of a particular species except E. gallinarum. The PCR products from E. gallinarum displayed strain-to-strain heterogeneity in the number and size of amplicons. To further test the utility of this technique, 11 phenotypically aberrant strains which had been assigned species identification based on Facklam and Collins-type strain reactions (R.R. Facklam and M.D. Collins, J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:731-734, 1989) were subjected to ITS-PCR. ITS-PCR of the phenotypically aberrant strains identified six strains with reactions consistent with those of type strains. However, five strains were characterized as follows: two strains originally identified as E. mundtii were identified by ITS-PCR as E. casseliflavus, one strain originally identified as E. raffinosus was identified by ITS-PCR as E. durans, one strain originally identified as E. hirae was identified by ITS-PCR as E. faecium [corrected]. We conclude that amplification of the intergenic 23S and 16S rRNA gene regions of enterococci provides a reliable technique for species identification of enterococci.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Enterococcus; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 9114380
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.5.1054-1060.1997 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2000The highly conserved central loop of domain V of 23S RNA (nucleotides 2042 to 2628; Escherichia coli numbering) is implicated in peptidyltransferase activity and...
The highly conserved central loop of domain V of 23S RNA (nucleotides 2042 to 2628; Escherichia coli numbering) is implicated in peptidyltransferase activity and represents one of the target sites for macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotics. DNA encoding domain V (590 bp) of several species of Enterococcus was amplified by PCR. Twenty enterococcal isolates were tested, including Enterococcus faecium (six isolates), Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus casseliflavus (two isolates of each), and Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus malodoratus, and Enterococcus hirae (one isolate of each). For all isolates, species identification by biochemical testing was corroborated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The sequence of domain V of the 23S rRNA gene from E. faecium and E. faecalis differed from those of all other enterococci. The domain V sequences of E. durans and E. hirae were identical. This was also true for E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus. E. avium differed from E. casseliflavus by 23 bases, from E. durans by 16 bases, and from E. malodoratus by 2 bases. E. avium differed from E. raffinosus by one base. Despite the fact that domain V is considered to be highly conserved, substantial differences were identified between several enterococcal species.
Topics: Animals; Enterococcus; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, rRNA; Genetic Variation; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 11060057
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.11.3991-3993.2000 -
BMC Cancer Nov 2021Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing chemotherapy experience a relatively high risk of infection. And the disturbance of gut microbiota is... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing chemotherapy experience a relatively high risk of infection. And the disturbance of gut microbiota is generally believed to impair intestinal barrier function and may induce bacterial infections and inflammation. The study aimed to investigate the alterations in the gut microbiota and assess its relationship with chemotherapy-induced pneumonia in pediatric ALL patients.
METHODS
We conducted a case-control study with 14 cases affected by pneumonia and 44 unaffected subjects and characterized the physiological parameters and gut microbiota by microarray-based technique.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in α- and β-diversity in the affected group compared with the control group. At species level, the LEfSe analysis revealed that Enterococcus malodoratus, Ochrobactrum anthropi and Actinomyces cardiffensis were significantly abundant in the affected subjects. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve yielded the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.773 for classification between the two groups. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways involved in the bacterial secretion system were more enriched in the affected group than in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Gut microbiota alteration was associated with chemotherapy-induced pneumonia in pediatric ALL patients, which provided a new perspective on the personalized clinical care of pediatric ALL.
Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Case-Control Studies; Child; Dysbiosis; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Induction Chemotherapy; Male; Pneumonia; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
PubMed: 34749705
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08917-y -
Journal of Bacteriology Dec 2000The elongation factor Tu, encoded by tuf genes, is a GTP binding protein that plays a central role in protein synthesis. One to three tuf genes per genome are present,...
The elongation factor Tu, encoded by tuf genes, is a GTP binding protein that plays a central role in protein synthesis. One to three tuf genes per genome are present, depending on the bacterial species. Most low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria carry only one tuf gene. We have designed degenerate PCR primers derived from consensus sequences of the tuf gene to amplify partial tuf sequences from 17 enterococcal species and other phylogenetically related species. The amplified DNA fragments were sequenced either by direct sequencing or by sequencing cloned inserts containing putative amplicons. Two different tuf genes (tufA and tufB) were found in 11 enterococcal species, including Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus dispar, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus malodoratus, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus pseudoavium, and Enterococcus raffinosus. For the other six enterococcal species (Enterococcus cecorum, Enterococcus columbae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus sulfureus, Enterococcus saccharolyticus, and Enterococcus solitarius), only the tufA gene was present. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the 11 species having two tuf genes all have a common ancestor, while the six species having only one copy diverged from the enterococcal lineage before that common ancestor. The presence of one or two copies of the tuf gene in enterococci was confirmed by Southern hybridization. Phylogenetic analysis of tuf sequences demonstrated that the enterococcal tufA gene branches with the Bacillus, Listeria, and Staphylococcus genera, while the enterococcal tufB gene clusters with the genera Streptococcus and Lactococcus. Primary structure analysis showed that four amino acid residues encoded within the sequenced regions are conserved and unique to the enterococcal tufB genes and the tuf genes of streptococci and Lactococcus lactis. The data suggest that an ancestral streptococcus or a streptococcus-related species may have horizontally transferred a tuf gene to the common ancestor of the 11 enterococcal species which now carry two tuf genes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Blotting, Southern; Enterococcus; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genes, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Elongation Factor Tu; Phylogeny; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 11092850
DOI: 10.1128/JB.182.24.6913-6920.2000