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Acupuncture for neurogenesis in experimental ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific Reports Jan 2016Acupuncture has been used for patients with stroke and post-stroke rehabilitation for thousands of years. Previous studies reported that acupuncture enhanced stroke... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Acupuncture has been used for patients with stroke and post-stroke rehabilitation for thousands of years. Previous studies reported that acupuncture enhanced stroke recovery through neurogenesis. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis for preclinical studies to assess the current evidence for acupuncture effect on neurogenesis in treating ischaemic stroke. Studies were obtained from six databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP information database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Ultimately, 34 studies containing 1617 animals were identified. Neurogenesis markers of Brdu, Nestin, PSA-NCAM, NeuN and GFAP were selected as major outcomes. The pooled results of 15 studies marked with Brdu showed significant effects of acupuncture for improving proliferation when compared with control groups (P < 0.01); 13 studies marked with Nestin showed significant effects of acupuncture for increasing proliferation when compared with control groups (P < 0.01); 4 studies marked with PSA-NCAM showed significant effects of acupuncture for enhancing migration when compared with control groups (P < 0.01); 4 studies marked with NeuN showed significant effects of acupuncture for stimulating differentiation when compared with control groups (P < 0.01). The findings suggest that acupuncture is a prospective therapy targeting neurogenesis for ischemic stroke.
Topics: Acupuncture; Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Biomarkers; Brain; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Neurogenesis; Publication Bias; Stroke; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26786869
DOI: 10.1038/srep19521 -
European Radiology Jun 2021Map the current landscape of commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) software for radiology and review the availability of their scientific evidence. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Map the current landscape of commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) software for radiology and review the availability of their scientific evidence.
METHODS
We created an online overview of CE-marked AI software products for clinical radiology based on vendor-supplied product specifications ( www.aiforradiology.com ). Characteristics such as modality, subspeciality, main task, regulatory information, deployment, and pricing model were retrieved. We conducted an extensive literature search on the available scientific evidence of these products. Articles were classified according to a hierarchical model of efficacy.
RESULTS
The overview included 100 CE-marked AI products from 54 different vendors. For 64/100 products, there was no peer-reviewed evidence of its efficacy. We observed a large heterogeneity in deployment methods, pricing models, and regulatory classes. The evidence of the remaining 36/100 products comprised 237 papers that predominantly (65%) focused on diagnostic accuracy (efficacy level 2). From the 100 products, 18 had evidence that regarded level 3 or higher, validating the (potential) impact on diagnostic thinking, patient outcome, or costs. Half of the available evidence (116/237) were independent and not (co-)funded or (co-)authored by the vendor.
CONCLUSIONS
Even though the commercial supply of AI software in radiology already holds 100 CE-marked products, we conclude that the sector is still in its infancy. For 64/100 products, peer-reviewed evidence on its efficacy is lacking. Only 18/100 AI products have demonstrated (potential) clinical impact.
KEY POINTS
• Artificial intelligence in radiology is still in its infancy even though already 100 CE-marked AI products are commercially available. • Only 36 out of 100 products have peer-reviewed evidence of which most studies demonstrate lower levels of efficacy. • There is a wide variety in deployment strategies, pricing models, and CE marking class of AI products for radiology.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Humans; Radiography; Radiology; Software
PubMed: 33856519
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07892-z -
Annals of Combinatorics 2022In this paper, we expand on the notion of , first introduced explicitly by Aguiar and Mahajan in 2010 but already present in the literature in some other points of view....
In this paper, we expand on the notion of , first introduced explicitly by Aguiar and Mahajan in 2010 but already present in the literature in some other points of view. We do this by adapting the algebraic framework of species to the study of substructures in combinatorics. Afterwards, we consider functions that count the number of patterns of objects and endow the linear span of these functions with a product and a coproduct. In this way, any well-behaved family of combinatorial objects that admits a notion of substructure generates a Hopf algebra, and this association is functorial. For example, the Hopf algebra on permutations studied by Vargas in 2014 and the Hopf algebra on symmetric functions are particular cases of this construction. A specific family of pattern Hopf algebras of interest are the ones arising from . This includes the presheaves on graphs, posets and generalized permutahedra. Here, we show that all the pattern Hopf algebras corresponding to commutative presheaves are free. We also study a remarkable non-commutative presheaf structure on marked permutations, permutations with a marked element. These objects have a natural product called inflation, which is an operation motivated by factorization theorems for permutations. In this paper, we find new factorization theorems for marked permutations. We use these theorems to show that the pattern Hopf algebra for marked permutations is also free, using Lyndon words techniques.
PubMed: 35782409
DOI: 10.1007/s00026-022-00578-3 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023Automated text recognition techniques have made significant advancements; however, certain tasks still present challenges. This study is motivated by the need to...
Automated text recognition techniques have made significant advancements; however, certain tasks still present challenges. This study is motivated by the need to automatically recognize hand-marked text on construction defect tags among millions of photographs. To address this challenge, we investigated three methods for automating hand-marked semantic text recognition (HMSTR)-a modified scene text recognition-based (STR) approach, a two-step HMSTR approach, and a lumped approach. The STR approach involves locating marked text using an object detection model and recognizing it using a competition-winning STR model. Similarly, the two-step HMSTR approach first localizes the marked text and then recognizes the semantic text using an image classification model. By contrast, the lumped approach performs both localization and identification of marked semantic text in a single step using object detection. Among these approaches, the two-step HMSTR approach achieved the highest F1 score (0.92) for recognizing circled text, followed by the STR approach (0.87) and the lumped approach (0.78). To validate the generalizability of the two-step HMSTR approach, subsequent experiments were conducted using check-marked text, resulting in an F1 score of 0.88. Although the proposed methods have been tested specifically with tags, they can be extended to recognize marked text in reports or books.
PubMed: 37648714
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41489-4 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2020There are marked differences between the physiology of birds and mammals. These reflect the evolutionary distance between the two classes with the last common ancestor... (Review)
Review
There are marked differences between the physiology of birds and mammals. These reflect the evolutionary distance between the two classes with the last common ancestor estimated as existing 318 million years ago. There are analogous organ systems in birds and mammals. However, marked differences exist. For instance, in the avian gastro-intestinal tract, there is a crop at the lower end of the esophagus. This functions both to store feed and for microbial action. The avian immune system lacks lymph nodes and has a distinct organ producing B-lymphocytes, namely the bursa . The important of spleen has been largely dismissed until recently. However, its importance in both innate and specific immunity is increasingly recognized. There is a major difference between birds and mammals is the female reproductive system as birds produce large yolk filled eggs. The precursors of the yolk are synthesized by the liver. Another difference is that there is a single ovary and oviduct in birds.
PubMed: 33240094
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.542466 -
Pain Management May 2022Better documentation of vulvar pain is needed. We examined pain locations marked on general body and genital specific outlines among women with vulvodynia. 62 women...
Better documentation of vulvar pain is needed. We examined pain locations marked on general body and genital specific outlines among women with vulvodynia. 62 women (mean age 32.1 ± 9.5 years) with vulvodynia marked their pain on a digital genital specific outline (22 segments) and 59 of those women also marked their pain on a digital general body outline (48 segments). We used ImageJ software to determine body surface area (BSA) for each outline. On the general body outline, 24/48 segments were marked; 22/22 segments were marked on the genital specific outline. There was a moderate correlation ( = 0.43; p = 0.001) between the BSA marked on the general body outline and the BSA marked on the genital area outline. Findings support concurrent validity of the BSA as a measure of pain location using either outline.
Topics: Adult; Documentation; Female; Humans; Pain; Vulvodynia; Young Adult
PubMed: 35060761
DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2021-0110 -
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2021Executive dysfunction and risk of falling are hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unclear how executive dysfunction predisposes people with PD to...
BACKGROUND
Executive dysfunction and risk of falling are hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unclear how executive dysfunction predisposes people with PD to falling.
OBJECTIVES
To: (i) identify sensorimotor, balance, and cardiovascular risk factors for falls that discriminate between those with normal executive function and those with mild and marked executive dysfunction in people with PD and (ii) determine whether mild and marked executive dysfunction are significant risk factors for falls when adjusting for PD duration and severity and freezing of gait (FOG).
METHODS
Using the Frontal Assessment Battery, 243 participants were classified into normal executive function (n = 87), mild executive dysfunction (n = 100), and marked executive dysfunction (n = 56) groups. Participants were asked if they had episodes of FOG in the last month and were assessed with the Movement Disorders Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), the Hoehn and Yahr Scale, the physiological profile assessment, and tests of orthostatic hypotension, coordinated stability, and gait and were then followed-up prospectively for falls for 32-52 weeks.
RESULTS
Several PD-specific (elevated Hoehn and Yahr stage, higher MDS-UPDRS scale scores, a history of FOG, Postural Instability and Gait Difficulty subtype, and longer PD duration), sensorimotor (poor vision, knee extension weakness, slow simple reaction time), and balance (greater postural sway and poor controlled leaning balance) factors discriminated among the normal executive function and mild and marked executive dysfunction groups. Fall rates (mean ± SD) differed significantly among the groups (normal executive function: 1.0 ± 1.7; mild executive dysfunction: 2.8 ± 5.2; marked executive dysfunction: 4.7 ± 7.3) with the presence of both mild and marked executive dysfunction identified as significant risk factors for falls when adjusting for three measures of PD severity (Hoehn and Yahr scale scores, disease duration, and FOG).
CONCLUSIONS
Several PD-specific, sensorimotor, and balance factors differed significantly among the normal, mild, and marked executive dysfunction groups and both mild and marked executive dysfunction were identified as independent risk factors for falls in people with PD.
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Executive Function; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Postural Balance; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 33349526
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.11.005 -
Cureus Nov 2022Rhabdomyolysis is a pathological condition presenting with symptoms of localized or generalized myalgia and weakness, associated with an increase in serum creatine...
Rhabdomyolysis is a pathological condition presenting with symptoms of localized or generalized myalgia and weakness, associated with an increase in serum creatine kinase level and, often leading to myoglobinuria and acute kidney injury. It has a wide range of etiologies. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a rare type of inflammatory myopathy, that leads to rhabdomyolysis, and it is divided into three different subtypes: anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coA reductase (anti-HMGCR, anti-signal recognition particle (anti-SRP), and seronegative. There are slight differences in incidence, age of onset, clinical course, and prognosis between these subtypes. We describe the case of a 67-year-old female with myalgias and weakness of the thighs for six weeks. Laboratory findings showed marked rhabdomyolysis and severe acute kidney injury. The workup led to the diagnosis of seronegative immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) and treatment with corticosteroid and methotrexate was introduced, which led to marked clinical improvement.
PubMed: 36540529
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31519