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Journal of Thoracic Disease Mar 2020Various approaches and markers for marking the lungs prior to lung tumor resection have been reported. In clinical practice, the hook wire localization method is often...
BACKGROUND
Various approaches and markers for marking the lungs prior to lung tumor resection have been reported. In clinical practice, the hook wire localization method is often used owing to the simplicity of the technique. However, although rare, this method is associated with air embolism, which can be lethal. Because vitamin B2 is harmless to the body and fluorescent, it was applied to various methods for thoracic surgery. Using a pig model, we aimed to examine whether a lung-marking method involving the injection of vitamin B2 to peripheral small lung lesions and observing them under black light irradiation could replace the hook wire localization method.
METHODS
We used a pig model to perform hook wire localization of the lungs and at the same time injected 1 mL of a vitamin B2 aqueous solution to the lung parenchyma at the hook wire puncture site under the visceral pleura. Subsequently, we measured the length of the fluorescent marked area and fluorescence intensity over time. Black light was used to assess the fluorescent marked area, and fluorescence intensity was quantified using image analysis software.
RESULTS
Lung-marking was successful in all five pigs and we visualized the vitamin B2-marked area under black light irradiation. Measurements were taken immediately after thoracotomy (0 min) and 60 and 120 min thereafter. No changes in the length of the marked area (1.3±0.3/1.2±0.3/1.1±0.3 cm, 0/60/120 min, P=0.21) and fluorescence intensity (162.8±55.1/157.2±63.1/165.2±62.2, 0/60/120 min, P=0.96) were observed over time. Compared to the non-marked area (normal lungs), the marked area showed significantly higher fluorescence intensity (P=0.01/0.01/0.01, 0/60/120 min).
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin B2 lung-marking was performed safely and accurately using the pig model, providing good visibility of the marked area. This approach may replace the hook wire localization method. In the near future, we plan to conduct clinical trials to evaluate the applicability of this method in humans.
PubMed: 32274130
DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2020.01.06 -
EcoHealth Dec 2022Flies form high-density associations with human settlements and groups of nonhuman primates and are implicated in transmitting pathogens. We investigate the movement of...
Flies form high-density associations with human settlements and groups of nonhuman primates and are implicated in transmitting pathogens. We investigate the movement of nonhuman primate-associated flies across landscapes surrounding Kibale National Park, Uganda, using a mark-recapture experiment. Flies were marked in nine nonhuman primate groups at the forest edge ([Formula: see text] = 929 flies per group), and we then attempted to recapture them in more anthropized areas (50 m, 200 m and 500 m from where marked; 2-21 days after marking). Flies marked in nonhuman primate groups were recaptured in human areas (19/28,615 recaptured). Metabarcoding of the flies in nonhuman primate groups revealed the DNA of multiple eukaryotic primate parasites. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of flies to serve as vectors between nonhuman primates, livestock and humans at this biodiverse interface.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Animals, Wild; Diptera; Primates; Livestock; DNA
PubMed: 36629957
DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01621-8 -
Annals of the American Thoracic Society Dec 2019A positive bronchodilator response (BDR) according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines require both 200 ml and 12% increase... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A positive bronchodilator response (BDR) according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines require both 200 ml and 12% increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV) or forced vital capacity (FVC) after bronchodilator inhalation. This dual criterion is insensitive in those with high or low FEV. To establish BDR criteria with volume or percentage FEV change. The largest FEV and FVC were identified from three pre- and three post-bronchodilator maneuvers in COPDGene (Genetic Epidemiology of COPD) participants. A total of 7,741 individuals with coefficient of variation less than 15% for both FEV and FVC formed bronchodilator categories of FEV response: negative (≤0.00% or ≤0.00 L), minimal (>0.00% to ≤9.00% or >0.00 L to ≤0.09 L), mild (>9.00% to ≤16.00% or >0.09 L to ≤0.16 L), moderate (>16.00% to ≤26.00% or >0.16 L to ≤0.26 L), and marked (>26.00% or >0.26 L). These response size categories are based on empirical limits considering average FEV increase of approximately 160 ml and the clinically important difference for FEV. To compare flow and volume response characteristics, BDR-FEV category assignments were applied for the BDR-FVC response. Twenty percent met mild and 31% met moderate or marked BDR-FEV criteria, whereas 12% met mild and 33% met moderate or marked BDR-FVC criteria. In contrast, only 20.6% met ATS/ERS positive criteria. Compared with the negative BDR-FEV category, the minimal, mild, moderate, and marked BDR-FEV categories were associated with greater 6-minute-walk distance and lower St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale scores. Compared with negative BDR, moderate and marked BDR-FEV categories were associated with fewer exacerbations, and minimal BDR was associated with lower computed tomography airway wall thickness. Compared with the negative category, all BDR-FVC categories were associated with increasing emphysema percentage and gas trapping percentage. Moderate and marked BDR-FVC categories were associated with higher St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores but fewer exacerbations and lower dyspnea scores. BDR grading by FEV volume or percentage response identified subjects otherwise missed by ATS/ERS criteria. BDR grades were associated with functional exercise performance, quality of life, exacerbation frequency, dyspnea, and radiological airway measures. BDR grades in FEV and FVC indicate different clinical and radiological characteristics.
Topics: Aged; Bronchodilator Agents; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Quality of Life; Respiratory Function Tests; Severity of Illness Index; Spirometry; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vital Capacity
PubMed: 31404502
DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201901-030OC -
Cureus Jul 2022Remdesivir has been extensively employed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as it has proven to be efficacious against the causative SARS-CoV-2....
Remdesivir has been extensively employed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as it has proven to be efficacious against the causative SARS-CoV-2. However, there is not much evidence on the cardiovascular adverse effect profile of remdesivir. In addition, limited data support the occurrence of sinus bradycardia associated with remdesivir. Herein we chronicle a clinical encounter of a patient suffering from COVID-19 whose clinical course was complicated by marked sinus bradycardia that began acutely after remdesivir initiation and resolved on cessation of the medication. The patient denied symptoms and completed a 5-day course with a resolution of bradycardia on completion of medication. We suggest that the physicians be cognizant of this rare side effect of remdesivir and suggest a continuation of this medication unless symptomatic bradycardia precludes management.
PubMed: 36035063
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27249 -
Medicine Dec 2022IgG4-related diseases cause lesions in various organs throughout the body. In otorhinolaryngology, IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease is suspected and diagnosed based on... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
IgG4-related diseases cause lesions in various organs throughout the body. In otorhinolaryngology, IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease is suspected and diagnosed based on the presence of lesions of the head and neck, salivary and lacrimal gland enlargement, and bilateral sinus opacity concentrated on the maxillary sinuses. However, in some cases, it is necessary to consider about differentiation between IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease and Sjögren syndrome.
PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS
A 75-years-old male patient visited our hospital with bilateral otitis media with effusion, which was resistant to conservative treatment. Other symptoms at presentation included enlarged bilateral submandibular and sublingual glands marked oral dryness, severe decrease in saliva secretion (1 mL/10 minutes), and dry eyes. We conducted a Schirmer's and fluorescent dye tests, both of which were positive. High serum IgG4 levels were observed, and although the Sjögren syndrome (SS)-A/SS-B antibodies were negative, marked hypolacrimation and tear secretion were observed. Therefore, a detailed examination considering both IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease and SS was conducted. Salivary gland scintigraphy performed prior to the salivary gland biopsy revealed a marked decrease in uptake, which satisfied the diagnostic criteria for SS; however, it was difficult to diagnose IgG4-related disease based on the diagnostic definition.
INTERVENSIONS
Although a definitive diagnosis of SS was made, the persistent otitis media with effusion that was resistant to conservative treatment and bilateral mixed hearing loss were confirmed. As mixed hearing loss is considered an otological symptom of IgG4-related disease, oral steroid treatment was administered.
OUTCOME
Thereafter, marked recovery of hearing and reduced swelling and induration of the bilateral parotid and submandibular glands were observed. Clinically, IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease was strongly suspected, but a definite diagnosis of SS was made.
LESSONS
In the absence of an IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease diagnosis, careful differentiation between IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease and 2 diseases and their diagnostic criteria was essential.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Sjogren's Syndrome; Mikulicz' Disease; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease; Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural; Otitis Media with Effusion; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 36596084
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032617 -
Polymers Feb 2023The basic intention of the present work is to analyze the influence of the incorporated microporous membrane and the technology of the needling process on the functional...
The basic intention of the present work is to analyze the influence of the incorporated microporous membrane and the technology of the needling process on the functional properties of nonwovens designed as an insulating layer for protective gloves for protection against high temperatures. The investigated nonwovens are produced in carded nonwoven formation and mechanically bonded with needle bonding. The studied nonwovens contain a microporous membrane of polyester (PES) with a thickness of 20 µm (samples marked as ST and STL). In the theoretical part of the research work, the nonwovens and some technology stages are presented. The experimental part of the present work deals with the mechanical properties: breaking stress and strain, viscoelastic properties (yield strength, elastic modulus) and elastic recovery after cyclic loading and thermal conduction. In the experimental part, permeability properties (water vapor permeability, air permeability) are also analyzed. The results of the investigation show that the samples marked as ST and STL, which contain a microporous PES membrane, have a higher breaking stress than the samples marked as T and TL without the microporous PES membrane. Samples marked as ST and STL also exhibit higher values of elongation at break and limit of recoverable deformation (stress and strain at yield) and a lower modulus of elasticity than samples marked as T and TL. The samples marked as ST and STL are mechanically bonded to the lamellar plate using forked needles and therefore have a textured (ribbed) shape that affects the improved mechanical properties. The TL and STL samples, which contain a microporous PES membrane, have higher elastic recovery and lower air permeability than the T and TL samples, while water vapor permeability is lower only for the ST sample.
PubMed: 36772086
DOI: 10.3390/polym15030785 -
Computers in Biology and Medicine Aug 2021Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a preferred imaging technique for a wide range of vascular diseases. However, extensive manual analysis is required to detect...
BACKGROUND
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a preferred imaging technique for a wide range of vascular diseases. However, extensive manual analysis is required to detect and identify several anatomical landmarks for clinical application. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a fully automatic method for detecting the aortic root, which is a key anatomical landmark in this type of procedure. The approach is based on the use of deep learning techniques that attempt to mimic expert behavior.
METHODS
A total of 69 CTA scans (39 for training and 30 for validation) with different pathology types were selected to train the network. Furthermore, a total of 71 CTA scans were selected independently and applied as the test set to assess their performance.
RESULTS
The accuracy was evaluated by comparing the locations marked by the method with benchmark locations (which were manually marked by two experts). The interobserver error was 4.6 ± 2.3 mm. On an average, the differences between the locations marked by the two experts and those detected by the computer were 6.6 ± 3.0 mm and 6.8 ± 3.3 mm, respectively, when calculated using the test set.
CONCLUSIONS
From an analysis of these results, we can conclude that the proposed method based on pre-trained CNN models can accurately detect the aortic root in CTA images without prior segmentation.
Topics: Aorta; Computed Tomography Angiography; Deep Learning; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34139438
DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104533 -
Biometrics Sep 2023Batch marking is common and useful for many capture-recapture studies where individual marks cannot be applied due to various constraints such as timing, cost, or...
Batch marking is common and useful for many capture-recapture studies where individual marks cannot be applied due to various constraints such as timing, cost, or marking difficulty. When batch marks are used, observed data are not individual capture histories but a set of counts including the numbers of individuals first marked, marked individuals that are recaptured, and individuals captured but released without being marked (applicable to some studies) on each capture occasion. Fitting traditional capture-recapture models to such data requires one to identify all possible sets of capture-recapture histories that may lead to the observed data, which is computationally infeasible even for a small number of capture occasions. In this paper, we propose a latent multinomial model to deal with such data, where the observed vector of counts is a non-invertible linear transformation of a latent vector that follows a multinomial distribution depending on model parameters. The latent multinomial model can be fitted efficiently through a saddlepoint approximation based maximum likelihood approach. The model framework is very flexible and can be applied to data collected with different study designs. Simulation studies indicate that reliable estimation results are obtained for all parameters of the proposed model. We apply the model to analysis of golden mantella data collected using batch marks in Central Madagascar.
Topics: Humans; Likelihood Functions; Algorithms; Computer Simulation; Research Design; Models, Statistical
PubMed: 36321329
DOI: 10.1111/biom.13789 -
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural... Jan 2021Little is known about the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on children with attention-deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to assess...
Little is known about the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on children with attention-deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on children with the ADHD, and their families. Additionally, feasibility of carrying out "text message-based" intervention was evaluated. An online survey was performed to evaluate the impact of lockdown on children with ADHD and their family members. Additionally, a "text message"-based intervention was performed over 2 weeks. Along with the text-based intervention, we also provided reading materials and an option of telephonic consultation. Of the 80 parents who initially consented to participate, 48 filled the baseline survey, and 41 agreed to receive intervention. Out of 41, 29 filled satisfaction survey. During the lockdown period, there was worsening of symptoms of ADHD in the form of increase (slight or marked) in the activity level (50.1%), irritability (45.8%), and disturbing or disruptive behavior (47.7%) in children. In terms of behavior of family members, there was marked/slight increase in irritability (37.5%), and shouting at the child (43.8%), verbal abuse (25%), and punishing the child (27.1%). Additionally, there was an increase in the praising (67.6%) and spending time with the child (72.9%). Text-based messages on a scale of 0 to 10 were rated as 5.79 for the content, 5.76 for the usefulness, and 6 for satisfaction. Lockdown resulted in worsening of symptoms among children of ADHD and it had impact on the interaction pattern of the children and parents. A "text message"-based intervention is a feasible and possibly acceptable option to deal with the behavioral problem of the children and adolescents with ADHD.
PubMed: 33531763
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718645 -
Forensic Sciences Research 2022Hallucinogenic mushroom is a kind of toxic strain containing psychoactive tryptamine substances such as psilocybin, psilocin and ibotenic acid, etc. The mushrooms...
Hallucinogenic mushroom is a kind of toxic strain containing psychoactive tryptamine substances such as psilocybin, psilocin and ibotenic acid, etc. The mushrooms containing hallucinogenic components are various, widely distributed and lack of standard to define, which made a great challenge to identification. Traditional identification methods, such as morphology and toxicology analysis, showed shortcomings in old or processed samples, while the DNA-based identification of hallucinogenic mushrooms would allow to identify these samples due to the stability of DNA. In this paper, four primer sets are designed to target DNA for increasing resolution of present identification method, and the target markers include largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (marked as PC-R1), psilocybin-related phosphotransferase gene (marked as PC-PT), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (marked as PC-3) and translation EF1α (marked as PC-EF). Real-time PCR with high-resolution melting (HRM) assay were used for the differentiation of the fragments amplified by these primer sets, which were tested for specificity, reproducibility, sensitivity, mixture analysis and multiplex PCR. It was shown that the melting temperatures of PC-R1, PC-PT, PC-3 and PC-EF of were (87.93 ± 0.12) °C, (82.21 ± 0.14) °C, (79.72 ± 0.12) °C and (80.11 ± 0.19) °C in our kinds of independent experiments. Significant HRM characteristic can be shown with a low concentration of 62.5 pg/µL DNA sample, and could be detected in mixtures with or . In summary, the method of HRM analysis can quickly and specifically distinguish from other species, which could be utilized for forensic science, medical diagnosis and drug trafficking cases. Supplemental data for this article are available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1875580.
PubMed: 36353314
DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2021.1875580