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Northern Clinics of Istanbul 2023The aim of this study was to determine normative reference values for major thoracic arterial vasculature in Turkiye and to evaluate differences according to age and...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine normative reference values for major thoracic arterial vasculature in Turkiye and to evaluate differences according to age and gender.
METHODS
Low-dose unenhanced chest computerized tomography images acquired with pre-diagnosis of COVID-19 between March and June 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with known chronic lung parenchymal disease, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and chronic heart diseases (coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, valve replacement, and arrhythmia) were excluded from the study. The ascending aorta diameter (AAD), descending aorta diameter (DAD), aortic arch diameter (ARCAD), main pulmonary artery diameter (MPAD), right pulmonary artery diameter (RPAD), and the left pulmonary artery diameter (LPAD) were measured in the same sections by standardized methods. The variability of parameters according to age (<40 years; ≥40 years) and gender (male to female) was evaluated by statistical methods. The Student's t test was used to compare the normal distribution according to the given quantitative age and gender, while the data that did not fit the normal distribution were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. The conformity of the data to the normal distribution was tested with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk test, and graphical examinations.
RESULTS
Totally 777 cases between the ages of 18-96 (43.80±15.98) were included in the study. Among these, 52.8% (n=410) were male and 47.2% (n=367) were female. Mean diameters were 28.52±5.13 mm (12-48 mm in range) for AAD, 30.83±5.25 mm (12-52 mm in range) for ARCAD, DAD 21.27±3.57 mm (11-38 mm in range) for DAD; 23.27±4.03 mm (14-40 mm in range) for MPAD, 17.27±3.19 mm (10-30 mm in range) for RPAD, and 17.62±3.06 mm (10-37 mm in range) for LPAD. Statistically significantly higher values were obtained in all diameters for cases over 40 years of age. Similarly, higher values were obtained in all diameters for males compared to females.
CONCLUSION
The diameters of all thoracic main vascular structures are larger in men than in women and increase with age.
PubMed: 37181064
DOI: 10.14744/nci.2021.03206 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jun 2022Assessment of intravascular volume status is important in pediatric patients admitted to the emergency departments and pediatric intensive care units. Inferior vena cava...
BACKGROUND
Assessment of intravascular volume status is important in pediatric patients admitted to the emergency departments and pediatric intensive care units. Inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and collapsibility index are used to evaluate the intravascular volume status in adults. The normal range of IVC diameter is available for adults and the normal range considered for adults is between 1.7 to 2.1 cm, but such normative data is limited for children of all ages.
AIMS
Our aim in this study was to obtain the IVC and the aorta diameter reference values and the mean vena cava collapsibility index in healthy and normovolemic children.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Vena cava inferior and aorta images in B mode were obtained. IVC diameter in the inspiratory and the largest IVC diameter in the expiratory were recorded, and the vena cava collapsibility index was calculated.
RESULTS
Ultrasonographic measurements were performed in total on 1938 children. A significant positive correlation was found between IVC and aorta diameters with age. The collapsibility index was found as 37.2% (SD 11.8) in the overall study population. In addition, the reference values for the IVC and aorta diameters obtained from the measurements were also acquired.
CONCLUSIONS
We believe that our IVC and aorta diameter measurements obtained from a large number of participants may be used as reference values in emergency departments and intensive care units.
Topics: Adult; Aorta; Child; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Prospective Studies; Ultrasonography; Vena Cava, Inferior
PubMed: 35708424
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1801_21 -
Acta Ophthalmologica May 2021To investigate changes in retinal oximetry and the diameter of retinal vasculature in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and relationships between retinal...
PURPOSE
To investigate changes in retinal oximetry and the diameter of retinal vasculature in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and relationships between retinal vasculature and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), provide a scientific basis for the early detection and diagnosis of CKD.
METHODS
Eighty-three patients with CKD and 103 healthy individuals were included after providing informed consent. All participants were examined using a noninvasive technology (Oxymap Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland) for measuring the arterial (SaO ) and venous (SvO ) oxygen saturation and the arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation (Sa-vO ). The corresponding retinal vessel diameters of these arterioles (D-A) and venules (D-V) were measured. The eGFR of patients with CKD was calculated from the serum creatinine concentration.
RESULTS
In general, patients with CKD had higher mean SaO values than healthy individuals (100.15 ± 4.68% versus 97.14 ± 4.22%; p < 0.001, mean ± SD). The mean SaO in the superior temporal, superior nasal and inferior nasal quadrants significantly increased. There was no significant difference measured in the SvO when patients with CKD (63.66 ± 5.29%) and healthy individuals (62.70 ± 5.27%) were compared. The mean Sa-vO of the CKD group (36.49 ± 4.98%) was increased compared with normal subjects (34.44 ± 4.76%) (p = 0.005). The retinal arteriole diameter was narrower in patients with CKD than in normal individuals (117.53 ± 14.88 μm versus 126.87 ± 14.98 μm; p < 0.001, mean ± SD), and the arteriovenous ratio was smaller than in normal individuals (0.71 ± 0.09 versus 0.77 ± 0.09; p < 0.001, mean ± SD). Pearson's two-tailed correlation showed a significant correlation between the SaO and eGFR (R = -0.363, p = 0.001), and narrower retinal arterial calibre was significantly associated with a lower eGFR (R = 0.415, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Based on our results, there were alterations in retinal oxygen saturation and vascular diameter in patients with CKD. Further studies are needed to determine whether such changes play a role in the development of CKD.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Prospective Studies; Regional Blood Flow; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retinal Vessels
PubMed: 32529722
DOI: 10.1111/aos.14398 -
Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin... Jan 2023Pain is a subjective experience. Besides, sensory, affective and behavioral responses, and autonomic response are part of pain response to noxious stimuli. Evaluation of...
OBJECTIVES
Pain is a subjective experience. Besides, sensory, affective and behavioral responses, and autonomic response are part of pain response to noxious stimuli. Evaluation of pupil diameter by pupillometry has been used as an alternative method for pain assessment. In algologic procedures like interventional headache management have not been addressed in the literature. Herein, we investigated changes in pupil diameter during interventional headache management as an objective method for pain assessment.
METHODS
Demographic data of the patients were collected before the bilateral major occipital nerve blockage (MONB) procedure. Numeric rating score (NRS) and pupil diameter measurements by pupillometer were recorded before MONB. Standard MONB procedure was applied to all patients. Pain assessment and pupillary diameter measurements were obtained after nerve blockage.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight patients were included in this study. Mean age was 41.03+-12.63 years. There is no difference between the hemodynamic parameters before and after the procedure. Post-procedure NRS and pupil diameter values were significantly lower than pre-procedure values. There was a positive correlation between changes in NRS scores and changes in the right and left pupil diameters.
CONCLUSION
There was a significant correlation between NRS score and pupil diameter in patients who underwent MONB. Monitoring of pupil diameter can be used for pain assessment during headache treatment. Evaluation of pupil diameter is a new approach in pain palliation. Future research is needed to study the effect of other parameters, that is, gender, age, origin of pain, acute, and chronic pain on pupil diameter and to evaluate its application in different algological procedures.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Pupil; Pain Measurement; Pain; Headache
PubMed: 36625194
DOI: 10.14744/agri.2022.37880 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Aug 2023In calcaneal fractures, the percutaneous screw fixation (PSF) is currently considered to be the better choice, but it is difficult to accurately place the screw into the...
BACKGROUND
In calcaneal fractures, the percutaneous screw fixation (PSF) is currently considered to be the better choice, but it is difficult to accurately place the screw into the sustentaculum tali (ST) during the operation. In this study, the ideal entry point, angle, diameter and length of the screw were calculated by simulating the operation process.
METHODS
We retrospectively collected the calcaneus computed tomography (CT) scans of 180 adults, DICOM-formatted CT-scan images of each patient were imported into Mimics software to establish calcaneus model. Virtual screws were placed on the lateral of the posterior talar articular surface (PTAS), the lateral edge of the anterior process of calcaneus (APC), and the calcaneal tuberosity, respectively, the trajectory and size of the screws were calculated.
RESULTS
The mean maximum diameter of the PTAS screw was 42.20 ± 3.71 mm. The vertical distance between the midpoint of the APC optimal screw trajectory and the lowest point of the tarsal sinus was 10.67 ± 1.84 mm, and the distance between the midpoint of the APC optimal screw trajectory and the calcaneocuboid joint was 5 mm ~ 19.81 ± 2.08 mm. The mean maximum lengths of APC screws was 44.69 ± 4.81 mm, and the Angle between the screw and the coronal plane of the calcaneus from proximal to distal was 4.72°±2.15° to 20.52°±3.77°. The optimal point of the maximum diameter of the calcaneal tuberosity screw was located at the lateral border of the achilles tendon endpoint. The mean maximum diameters of calcaneal tuberosity screws was 4.46 ± 0.85 mm, the mean maximum lengths of screws was 65.31 ± 4.76 mm. We found gender-dependent differences for the mean maximum diameter and the maximum length of the three screws.
CONCLUSIONS
The study provides effective positioning for percutaneous screw fixation of calcaneal fractures. For safer and more efficient screw placement, we suggest individualised preoperative 3D reconstruction simulations. Further biomechanical studies are needed to verify the function of the screw.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Calcaneus; Retrospective Studies; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fractures, Bone; Ankle Injuries; Bone Screws
PubMed: 37550653
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06748-5 -
Philosophical Transactions. Series A,... Feb 2018There is an emerging consensus that higher plants synthesize cellulose microfibrils that initially comprise 18 chains. However, the mean number of chains per microfibril... (Review)
Review
There is an emerging consensus that higher plants synthesize cellulose microfibrils that initially comprise 18 chains. However, the mean number of chains per microfibril is usually greater than 18, sometimes much greater. Microfibrils from woody tissues of conifers, grasses and dicotyledonous plants, and from organs like cotton hairs, all differ in detailed structure and mean diameter. Diameters increase further when aggregated microfibrils are isolated. Because surface chains differ, the tensile properties of the cellulose may be augmented by increasing microfibril diameter. Association of microfibrils with anionic polysaccharides in primary cell walls and mucilages leads to mechanisms of disaggregation that may be relevant to the preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose products. For the preparation of nanocrystalline celluloses, the key issue is the nature and axial spacing of disordered domains at which axial scission can be initiated. These disordered domains do not, as has often been suggested, take the form of large blocks occupying much of the length of the microfibril. They are more likely to be located at chain ends or at places where the microfibril has been mechanically damaged, but their structure and the reasons for their sensitivity to acid hydrolysis need better characterization.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology'.
PubMed: 29277742
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0045 -
Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi Jan 2020This study aims to define normal coronary artery diameters of males and females in a sample of Turkish population, compared to Asian-Indian and Western Caucasian...
BACKGROUND
This study aims to define normal coronary artery diameters of males and females in a sample of Turkish population, compared to Asian-Indian and Western Caucasian populations.
METHODS
Angiographic and demographic data of a total of 324 patients (147 males, 177 females; mean age 55.3±10.1 years; range, 32 to 82 years) who underwent elective coronary angiography with angiographically normal coronary arteries between July 2017 and March 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Proximal diameters of major epicardial coronary arteries were measured using the Axiom Artis software according to edge detection method. All the measurements were adjusted to the body surface area. Unadjusted and adjusted values were compared between genders and with the Asian-Indian and Caucasian population samples.
RESULTS
The mean diameters of unadjusted/adjusted left main coronary artery, proximal left anterior descending artery, proximal left circumflex artery, and proximal right coronary artery were 4.5±0.6 mm/2.4±0.4 mm/m, 3.7±0.5 mm/1.9±0.3 mm/m, 3.3±0.6 mm/1.7±0.3 mm/m, and 3.4±0.6 mm/1.8±0.4 mm/m, respectively. Adjusted left main coronary artery and proximal left circumflex artery were narrower, and unadjusted proximal left anterior descending artery and unadjusted/adjusted proximal right coronary artery were larger in men, compared to women in the Turkish population. Turkish population had similar body surface area and unadjusted/adjusted coronary diameters with Caucasians, whereas adjusted proximal left anterior descending artery was larger in the Turkish population than in Asian-Indians.
CONCLUSION
Our study findings on the Turkish population contradict the traditional belief that women have narrower coronary arteries then men. Furthermore, the Turkish population have comparable adjusted/unadjusted coronary diameters with the Western Caucasians, but larger adjusted/unadjusted proximal left anterior descending artery, compared to Asian-Indians. We believe that our findings may contribute to the global data pool of normal coronary diameters and can be utilized in future studies as a database.
PubMed: 32175150
DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2020.18475 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Mar 2023The aim of this study was to measure the tracheal dimensions of normocephalic cats using CT.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to measure the tracheal dimensions of normocephalic cats using CT.
METHODS
CT images of 15 client-owned normocephalic cats were retrospectively evaluated to measure the length of the feline trachea. Transverse and vertical inner diameters were measured in five different tracheal regions, and the cross-sectional area of the tracheal lumen was calculated for each point of measurement. Descriptive statistics were applied using a two-tailed test.
RESULTS
The mean ± SD length of the trachea was 125.13 ± 14.41 mm. Male cats had significantly larger tracheas than female cats. The transverse diameter first increased by 0.94 mm between the most cranial point of measurement and the middle of the trachea. It then decreased by 1.38 mm between the middle of the trachea and the most caudal point of measurement. The vertical diameter decreased by 1.16 mm between the first point of measurement and the penultimate point, and then increased by 0.06 mm between the penultimate point of measurement and the end of the trachea. The two different diameters resulted in an elliptical trachea shape.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The feline trachea was circular only at its cranial and caudal ends, and elliptical with a dorsoventral flattening along the rest of its length. Vertical and transverse diameters varied along the entire length. Tracheal shape differences should be considered when performing permanent tracheostomy, tracheal anastomosis or stenting in cats.
Topics: Cats; Male; Animals; Female; Trachea; Retrospective Studies; Repressor Proteins; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Craniosynostoses; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 36920794
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X231158578 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Dec 2021An antegrade approach is frequently used in catheter-directed thrombolysis to remove deep-vein thrombosis. However, the antegrade approach is difficult when accessing...
PURPOSE
An antegrade approach is frequently used in catheter-directed thrombolysis to remove deep-vein thrombosis. However, the antegrade approach is difficult when accessing veins with small diameters; therefore, understanding the variation of deep calf vein is important.
METHODS
This study measured the diameters and surface areas of the proximal and distal posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, and anterior tibial vein to determine which are preferable for venous access. This study dissected 132 legs from Korean and Thai cadavers. The proximal and distal posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, and anterior tibial vein were scanned and measured.
RESULTS
The mean diameter and surface area were largest for the proximal tibial vein, at 6.34 mm and 0.312 cm, respectively, followed by the anterior tibial vein (5.22 mm and 0.213 cm), distal posterior tibial vein (3.29 mm and 0.091 cm), and peroneal vein (3.43 mm and 0.081 cm). The proximal posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein have large diameters and surface areas, which make them ideal for applying an antegrade approach in catheter-directed thrombolysis.
CONCLUSIONS
The distal posterior tibial vein and peroneal vein are not recommended due to their smaller surface areas and also the anatomical variations therein.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cadaver; Catheters; Female; Humans; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Thrombolytic Therapy; Veins
PubMed: 34432130
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02821-7 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Aug 2021To characterize spatiotemporal growth differences of prenatal brainstem substructures and cerebellum, using linear biometry and planimetry on fetal magnetic resonance...
OBJECTIVES
To characterize spatiotemporal growth differences of prenatal brainstem substructures and cerebellum, using linear biometry and planimetry on fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
METHODS
In this retrospective study, we included fetuses with normal brain and a precise midsagittal T2-weighted brain MRI sequence obtained between May 2003 and April 2019. The cross-sectional area, rostrocaudal diameter and anteroposterior diameter of the midbrain, pons (basis pontis and pontine tegmentum), medulla oblongata and cerebellar vermis, as well as the transverse cerebellar diameter, were quantified by a single observer. The diameters were also assessed by a second observer to test inter-rater variability.
RESULTS
We included 161 fetuses with normal brain and a precise midsagittal MRI sequence, examined at a mean ± SD gestational age of 25.7 ± 5.4 (range, 14 + 0 to 39 + 2) weeks. All substructures of the fetal brainstem and the cerebellum could be measured consistently (mean ± SD interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.933 ± 0.065). We provide reference data for diameters and areas of the brainstem and cerebellum in the second and third trimesters. There was a significant quadratic relationship between vermian area and gestational age, and all other measured parameters showed a significant linear growth pattern within the observed period (P < 0.001). A significant change in the relative proportions of the brainstem substructures occurred between the beginning of the second trimester and the end of the third trimester, with an increase in the area of the pons (P < 0.001) and a decrease in that of the midbrain (P < 0.001), relative to the total brainstem area.
CONCLUSIONS
The substructures of the fetal brainstem follow a distinct spatiotemporal growth pattern, characterized by a relative increase in the pons and decrease in the midbrain, between 15 and 40 weeks of gestation. Caution is needed when interpreting fetal brainstem appearance during the early second trimester, as the brainstem proportions differ significantly from the adult morphology. The reference data provided herein should help to increase diagnostic accuracy in detecting disorders of defective hindbrain segmentation. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Topics: Brain Stem; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Reference Values; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32730667
DOI: 10.1002/uog.22162