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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Apr 2022The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in gut microbiota after exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy and its mediation effect in inducing adverse...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in gut microbiota after exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy and its mediation effect in inducing adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs).
METHODS
Participants (n = 916) were enrolled between 2017 and 2018 from a prospective cohort study of pregnant women in Guangzhou, China. The relative abundance of fecal microbiota was profiled using 16SrRNA V4 region sequencing. Exposure to air pollutants in each trimester of pregnancy was assessed using measurements from the nearest monitoring station. APOs including pre-term birth (PTB), post-term birth (POTB), low birth weight (LBW), macrosomia fetus (MF), birth defects (BDs), pathological cesarean section (PCS) and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)) were determined by referring to reliable clinical records and diagnostic criteria. Univariate analysis, multivariate analysis and mediation analysis were performed to estimate the association among air pollutants, gut microbiota and APOs.
RESULTS
Air pollutants exposure during pregnancy was significantly correlated with the alterations in the gut microbiota, and increased risks of various APOs by 1.07-1.36-fold (P < 0.05). The mediation analyses indicated that alterations in Eggerthella, Phascolarctobacterium and Clostridium partially mediated the effects of air pollutants exposure (PM, PM, O, NO and SO) on APOs. The relative abundance of f_Micrococcaceae explained 11.39%, 64.90% and 54.80% of the correlation between SO, PM, PM and POTB, respectively; whereas g_Rothia explained 11.97%, 67.80% and 54.50%, respectively. g_Parabacteroides explained 53.0% of the correlation between PM and PTB.
CONCLUSIONS
Increased air pollutants exposure during pregnancy may induce adverse pregnancy outcomes via alteration of the gut microbiota.
PubMed: 35248925
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113371 -
Journal of Immunology Research 2021The primary aim of this investigation was to analyze the microbiome in patients with combined periodontal-endodontic lesions.
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this investigation was to analyze the microbiome in patients with combined periodontal-endodontic lesions.
METHOD
Patients with loose and/or painful teeth referred for treatment from March 2020 to December 2020 in the First People's Hospital of Jinzhong were recruited. Samples were collected from teeth diagnosed as chronic periodontics (PE), ulcerative pulpitis (PU), and retrograde pulpitis (RE). Genomic DNA was extracted. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction, targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), was adopted for the quantification of bacteria. Then, the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and subjected to next-generation sequencing. The statistical analysis was performed by R software (V3.5.1).
RESULTS
A total of 57 qualified samples were collected from 48 patients and analyzed (7 PE, 21 PU, and 19 RE). By linear discriminant analysis effect size, and were significantly increased in the periodontal pocket of retrograde pulpitis (RE-PE), compared with PE. The relative abundance of , , , , , and was significantly increased in the pulp of retrograde pulpitis (RE-PU) than PU and RE-PE. , , , , and are consistently at a high abundance, across PU, RE-PE, and RE-PU.
CONCLUSION
The current study highlighted the evidence that a specific microbial community is associated with the occurrence of retrograde pulpitis. The microenvironment of the root canal and pulp chamber will select microbiota. This study offered insights into the pathogenesis of retrograde pulpitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cellular Microenvironment; Child; Clostridiales; Dental Pulp Cavity; Female; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Pulpitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Recurrence; Young Adult
PubMed: 34825007
DOI: 10.1155/2021/2490064 -
Microbiological Research Jan 2022Potassium fulvic acid (BSFA) and potassium humate (KHM), as organic fertilizers, can improve soil structure, increase soil nutrient levels and prevent plant diseases....
Potassium fulvic acid (BSFA) and potassium humate (KHM), as organic fertilizers, can improve soil structure, increase soil nutrient levels and prevent plant diseases. However, knowledge is limited regarding how BSFA and KHM influence soil microbial communities and the interrelationships between community members associated with Panax ginseng. Soil pH and nutrient content increased significantly as a result of the addition of BSFA and KHM. The pH, NH-N, NO-N, AP and AK increased by 1.72 %-5.55 %, 70.09 %-108.39 %, 35.38 %-216.20 %, 1.21 %-14.19 % and 3.40 %-5.94 %, respectively, in the BSFA and KHM treatments. The soil nutrient increase may be related to Micrococcaceae and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The structure of the microbial community also changed radically from that of the control group, and Chloroflexi (2.69 %-3.15 %), Actinobacteria (4.33 %-7.53 %) and Acidobacteria (9.44 %-11.62 %) were the dominant microorganisms at the phylum level in bacteria. In contrast, the dominant fungi at the phylum level were Ascomycota (77.39 %-78.08 %), Glomeromycota (0.36 %-2.68), Olpidiomycota (0.02 %-3.78 %) and Basidiomycota (0.80 %-1.17 %). Fusarium oxysporum and Ascomycota were biomarkers for BSFA and KHM, which may be related to pathogenic bacteria. Network analysis revealed that the association among members of the soil microbial community was more positive than negative following application of KHM, and more positive (62.5 %) than negative (37.5 %) correlations were observed between bacteria, whereas the fungal community exhibited more positive (97.3 %) than negative (2.7 %) correlations. PICRUST predicted the microbial function of adding KHM and BSFA to the soil, and these pathways mainly belong to the degradation and metabolism of organic matter, saprophytic organisms and plant pathogens. In summary, our study demonstrated that the addition of BSFA and KHM increased the nutrients in the ginseng soil and reshaped the microbial function in soils, providing a theoretical foundation for soil improvement and biological control of ginseng diseases. However, due to the limitations of greenhouse cultivation, additional long-term experiments on farmland with different climate changes are recommended.
Topics: Benzopyrans; Biodiversity; Fertilizers; Microbiota; Panax; Potassium; Rhizosphere; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 34749295
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126914 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020While extensive literature exists about the role of oral bacterial pathogens like and in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the role of health-associated species has...
While extensive literature exists about the role of oral bacterial pathogens like and in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the role of health-associated species has been largely unexplored. In this study, we assessed the effect of , and on proliferation and expression of marker genes (IL-6, TNF-α, MMP3, CD36, CCD1, and NANOG) in OSCC cell lines CAL27, SCC25, and SCC4. was included as a pathogenic control. Both bacterial lysates (3 concentrations) and live cells (3 MOIs) were tested. , and resulted in substantial, dose-dependent reduction of proliferation, which was found to be mediated by HO for the former and intracellular infection in the latter two species. However, only showed differential antiproliferative effect against the cancer cell lines vs. the normal control (TIGKs). In the gene expression assays, the health-associated species mostly downregulated CD36, a gene that plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis, while upregulated it. IL6 and TNF expression, on the other hand, was upregulated by almost all species, particularly the Gram-negatives including . The effect on other genes was less evident and varied significantly by cell line. This exploratory study is the first insight into how health-associated bacteria may interact with OSCC. Further studies to explore whether the observed effects may have implications for the prevention or treatment of oral cancer are warranted.
Topics: Burkholderiaceae; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Micrococcaceae; Mouth Neoplasms; Neisseria; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Veillonella
PubMed: 33123499
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.575656 -
Nature Communications Aug 2020Here, we demonstrate the self-assembly of the antimicrobial human LL-37 active core (residues 17-29) into a protein fibril of densely packed helices. The surface of the...
Here, we demonstrate the self-assembly of the antimicrobial human LL-37 active core (residues 17-29) into a protein fibril of densely packed helices. The surface of the fibril encompasses alternating hydrophobic and positively charged zigzagged belts, which likely underlie interactions with and subsequent disruption of negatively charged lipid bilayers, such as bacterial membranes. LL-37 correspondingly forms wide, ribbon-like, thermostable fibrils in solution, which co-localize with bacterial cells. Structure-guided mutagenesis analyses supports the role of self-assembly in antibacterial activity. LL-37 resembles, in sequence and in the ability to form amphipathic helical fibrils, the bacterial cytotoxic PSMα3 peptide that assembles into cross-α amyloid fibrils. This argues helical, self-assembling, basic building blocks across kingdoms of life and points to potential structural mimicry mechanisms. The findings expose a protein fibril which performs a biological activity, and offer a scaffold for functional and durable biomaterials for a wide range of medical and technological applications.
Topics: Amyloid; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacteria; Benzothiazoles; Cathelicidins; Crystallography, X-Ray; Gorilla gorilla; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Micrococcus luteus; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Staphylococcus hominis; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 32753597
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17736-x -
Biomedicines Aug 2020The modification of the microbiome through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is becoming a very promising therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)...
The modification of the microbiome through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is becoming a very promising therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Our pilot study aimed to assess the effectiveness of multi-session FMT treatment in active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Ten patients with UC were treated with multi-session FMT (200 mL) from healthy donors, via colonoscopy/gastroscopy. Patients were evaluated as follows: at baseline, at week 7, and after 6 months, routine blood tests (including C reactive protein (CRP) and calprotectin) were performed. 16S rRNA gene (V3V4) sequencing was used for metagenomic analysis. The severity of UC was classified based on the Truelove-Witts index. The assessment of microbial diversity showed significant differences between recipients and healthy donors. FMT contributed to long-term, significant clinical and biochemical improvement. Metagenomic analysis revealed an increase in the amount of , , , and sp. during FMT, whereas and declined significantly. A positive increase in the proportion of the genera , , , , and and a decrease in , , and were observed based on the correlation between calprotectin and and ferritin and , and abundance was indicated. A positive change in the abundance of was observed during FMT and after 6 months. The application of multi-session FMT led to the restoration of recipients' microbiota and resulted in the remission of patients with active UC.
PubMed: 32756350
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080268 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2022The capture and safe storage of radioactive iodine (I or I) are of a compelling significance in the generation of nuclear energy and waste storage. Because of their...
The capture and safe storage of radioactive iodine (I or I) are of a compelling significance in the generation of nuclear energy and waste storage. Because of their physiochemical properties, Porous Organic Polymers (POPs) are considered to be one of the most sought classes of materials for iodine capture and storage. Herein, we report on the preparation and characterization of two triazine-based, nitrogen-rich, porous organic polymers, NRPOP-1 (SA = 519 m g) and NRPOP-2 (SA = 456 m g), by reacting 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine or 1,4-bis-(2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine)-benzene with thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxaldehyde, respectively, and their use in the capture of volatile iodine. NRPOP-1 and NRPOP-2 showed a high adsorption capacity of iodine vapor with an uptake of up to 317 wt % at 80 °C and 1 bar and adequate recyclability. The NRPOPs were also capable of removing up to 87% of iodine from 300 mg L iodine-cyclohexane solution. Furthermore, the iodine-loaded polymers, I@NRPOP-1 and I@NRPOP-2, displayed good antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (ML), Escherichia coli (EC), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA). The synergic functionality of these novel polymers makes them promising materials to the environment and public health.
Topics: Adsorption; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Storage; Escherichia coli; Iodine Radioisotopes; Micrococcus luteus; Nitrogen; Organic Chemicals; Polymers; Porosity; Triazines; Volatilization
PubMed: 35173259
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06671-0 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2022Marine pigmented bacteria are a promising natural source of carotenoids. Kocuria sp. RAM1 was isolated from the Red Sea Bohadschia graeffei collected from Marsa Alam,...
Marine pigmented bacteria are a promising natural source of carotenoids. Kocuria sp. RAM1 was isolated from the Red Sea Bohadschia graeffei collected from Marsa Alam, Egypt, and used for carotenoids production. The extracted carotenoids were purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The characteristic UV absorbance of the three purified fractions gave us an inkling of what the purified pigments were. The chemical structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The three different red pigments were identified as two C-carotenoids, namely bisanhydrobacterioruberin and trisanhydrobacterioruberin, in addition to 3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydrospirilloxanthin (C-carotenoids). Kocuria sp. RAM1 carotenoids were investigated for multiple activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-HSV-1, anticancer, antidiabetic and wound healing. These new observations suggest that Kocuria sp. RAM1 carotenoids can be used as a distinctive natural pigment with potent properties.
Topics: Carotenoids; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Micrococcaceae; Bacteria; Chromatography, Thin Layer
PubMed: 36307503
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22897-4 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2023The residential kitchen is often heavily colonized by microbes originating from different sources, including food and human contact. Although a few studies have reported...
The residential kitchen is often heavily colonized by microbes originating from different sources, including food and human contact. Although a few studies have reported the bacterial composition in cleaning utensils and surface samples there is limited knowledge of the bacterial diversity across different sample types, households, and countries. As part of a large European study, we have identified the microbiota of 302 samples from cleaning utensils (sponges and cloths), kitchen surfaces (sinks, cutting boards, countertops, tap handles, and a pooled sample of other handles) in 74 households across 5 countries (France, Hungary, Norway, Portugal, and Romania). In total, 31 bacterial phyla were identified, with , , , and being the most abundant. Despite large variations in households with respect to kitchen standards, kitchen practices, cleaning regimes, and diet and considerable differences in bacterial diversity between samples, eight bacterial genera/families commonly associated with environmental sources were identified in most samples and defined as a core microbiota: Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, , , , , , and Staphylococcus. These genera/families were also among the bacteria with the highest relative abundance across all samples, in addition to , , , and Streptococcus. Taxa associated with potential pathogens and fecal indicators were low in abundance but broadly distributed throughout the households. The microbial composition of surface samples indicated that the microbial composition on kitchen surfaces is more characteristic for the particular country than the object type, while the microbiota of cleaning utensils was similar across countries but differed between types (sponge or cloth). There is limited knowledge of the characteristics, differences, and similarities of the bacterial composition in residential kitchens. Here, we report the microbiota of cleaning utensils (sponges and cloths) and five different surface samples in 74 households across five European countries. In addition to increasing the knowledge of the kitchen microbiota from many geographical areas, this study identified a core microbiota in European residential kitchens despite large variations in kitchen practices and kitchen design and standards across countries and households.
Topics: Humans; Bacteria; Enterobacteriaceae; Europe; Micrococcaceae; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 37255441
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00267-23 -
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal... Nov 2020The microbiota of dairy cow milk varies with the season, and this accounts in part for the seasonal variation in mastitis-causing bacteria and milk spoilage. The...
OBJECTIVE
The microbiota of dairy cow milk varies with the season, and this accounts in part for the seasonal variation in mastitis-causing bacteria and milk spoilage. The microbiota of the cowshed may be the most important factor because the teats of a dairy cow contact bedding material when the cow is resting. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the microbiota of the milk and the cowshed vary between seasons, and to elucidate the relationship between the microbiota.
METHODS
We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the microbiota of milk, feces, bedding, and airborne dust collected at a dairy farm during summer and winter.
RESULTS
The seasonal differences in the milk yield and milk composition were marginal. The fecal microbiota was stable across the two seasons. Many bacterial taxa of the bedding and airborne dust microbiota exhibited distinctive seasonal variation. In the milk microbiota, the abundances of Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Micrococcaceae were affected by the seasons; however, only Micrococcaceae had the same seasonal variation pattern as the bedding and airborne dust microbiota. Nevertheless, canonical analysis of principle coordinates revealed a distinctive group comprising the milk, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota.
CONCLUSION
Although the milk microbiota is related to the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, the relationship may not account for the seasonal variation in the milk microbiota. Some major bacterial families stably found in the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, e.g., Staphylococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidaceae, may have greater influences than those that varied between seasons.
PubMed: 32054182
DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0506