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CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians Jul 2022The authors define molecular imaging, according to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, as the visualization, characterization, and measurement of... (Review)
Review
The authors define molecular imaging, according to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, as the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems. Although practiced for many years clinically in nuclear medicine, expansion to other imaging modalities began roughly 25 years ago and has accelerated since. That acceleration derives from the continual appearance of new and highly relevant animal models of human disease, increasingly sensitive imaging devices, high-throughput methods to discover and optimize affinity agents to key cellular targets, new ways to manipulate genetic material, and expanded use of cloud computing. Greater interest by scientists in allied fields, such as chemistry, biomedical engineering, and immunology, as well as increased attention by the pharmaceutical industry, have likewise contributed to the boom in activity in recent years. Whereas researchers and clinicians have applied molecular imaging to a variety of physiologic processes and disease states, here, the authors focus on oncology, arguably where it has made its greatest impact. The main purpose of imaging in oncology is early detection to enable interception if not prevention of full-blown disease, such as the appearance of metastases. Because biochemical changes occur before changes in anatomy, molecular imaging-particularly when combined with liquid biopsy for screening purposes-promises especially early localization of disease for optimum management. Here, the authors introduce the ways and indications in which molecular imaging can be undertaken, the tools used and under development, and near-term challenges and opportunities in oncology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medical Oncology; Molecular Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 34902160
DOI: 10.3322/caac.21713 -
Neuroscience Bulletin Oct 2014
Topics: Brain; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 25260794
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1474-8 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Mar 2021
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 33494586
DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.21.03329-X -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Aug 2018The recent clinical success of cancer immunotherapy has renewed interest in the development of tools to image the immune system. In general, immunotherapies attempt to... (Review)
Review
The recent clinical success of cancer immunotherapy has renewed interest in the development of tools to image the immune system. In general, immunotherapies attempt to enable the body's own immune cells to seek out and destroy malignant disease. Molecular imaging of the cells and molecules that regulate immunity could provide unique insight into the mechanisms of action, and failure, of immunotherapies. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art immunoimaging toolbox with a focus on imaging strategies and their applications toward immunotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunity; Immunotherapy; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms
PubMed: 29794226
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.185967 -
Nature Communications Mar 2022Non-invasive visualization of dynamic molecular events in real-time via molecular imaging may enable the monitoring of cascade catalytic reactions in living systems,...
Non-invasive visualization of dynamic molecular events in real-time via molecular imaging may enable the monitoring of cascade catalytic reactions in living systems, however effective imaging modalities and a robust catalytic reaction system are lacking. Here we utilize three-dimensional (3D) multispectral photoacoustic (PA) molecular imaging to monitor in vivo cascade catalytic therapy based on a dual enzyme-driven cyclic reaction platform. The system consists of a two-dimensional (2D) Pd-based nanozyme conjugated with glucose oxidase (GOx). The combination of nanozyme and GOx can induce the PA signal variation of endogenous molecules. Combined with the PA response of the nanozyme, we can simultaneously map the 3D PA signals of dynamic endogenous and exogenous molecules associated with the catalytic process, thus providing a real-time non-invasive visualization. We can also treat tumors under the navigation of the PA imaging. Therefore, our study demonstrates the imaging-guided potential of 3D multispectral PA imaging in feedback-looped cascade catalytic therapy.
Topics: Catalysis; Glucose Oxidase; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Photoacoustic Techniques
PubMed: 35277519
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29082-1 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 36357149
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.10.001 -
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2018
Topics: Animals; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Molecular Probes; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 30254550
DOI: 10.1155/2018/3236829 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jun 2021The genetic code to life is balanced on a string of DNA that is under constant metabolic and physical stress from environmental forces. Nearly all diseases have a... (Review)
Review
The genetic code to life is balanced on a string of DNA that is under constant metabolic and physical stress from environmental forces. Nearly all diseases have a genetic component caused by or resulting in DNA damage that alters biology to drive pathogenesis. Recent advancements in DNA repair biology have led to the development of imaging tools that target DNA damage response and repair proteins. PET has been used for early detection of oncogenic processes and monitoring of tumor response to chemotherapeutics that target the DNA repair machinery. In the field of precision medicine, imaging tools provide a unique opportunity for patient stratification by directly measuring drug target expression or monitoring therapy to identify early responders. This overview discusses the state of the art on molecular imaging of DNA damage and repair from the past 5 years, with an emphasis on poly[adenosine diphosphate ribose]polymerase-1 as an imaging target and predictive biomarker of response to therapy.
Topics: DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
PubMed: 33579802
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243287 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Jul 2021Pathology is the medical specialty concerned with the study of the disease nature and causes, playing a key role in bridging basic researches and clinical medicine. In... (Review)
Review
Pathology is the medical specialty concerned with the study of the disease nature and causes, playing a key role in bridging basic researches and clinical medicine. In the course of development, pathology has significantly expanded our understanding of disease, and exerted enormous impact on the management of patients. However, challenges facing pathology, the inherent invasiveness of pathological practice and the persistent concerns on the sample representativeness, constitute its limitations. Molecular imaging is a noninvasive technique to visualize, characterize, and measure biological processes at the molecular level in living subjects. With the continuous development of equipment and probes, molecular imaging has enabled an increasingly precise evaluation of pathophysiological changes. A new pathophysiology visualization system based on molecular imaging is forming and shows the great potential to reform the pathological practice. Several improvements in "trans-," including trans-scale, transparency, and translation, would be driven by this new kind of pathological practice. Pathological changes could be evaluated in a trans-scale imaging mode; tissues could be transparentized to better present the underlying pathophysiological information; and the translational processes of basic research to the clinical practice would be better facilitated. Thus, transpathology would greatly facilitate in deciphering the pathophysiological events in a multiscale perspective, and supporting the precision medicine in the future.
Topics: Biological Phenomena; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 33585964
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05234-1 -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Apr 2016Comprehensive analysis of brain function depends on understanding the dynamics of diverse neural signaling processes over large tissue volumes in intact animals and... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Comprehensive analysis of brain function depends on understanding the dynamics of diverse neural signaling processes over large tissue volumes in intact animals and humans. Most existing approaches to measuring brain signaling suffer from limited tissue penetration, poor resolution, or lack of specificity for well-defined neural events. Here we discuss a new brain activity mapping method that overcomes some of these problems by combining MRI with contrast agents sensitive to neural signaling. The goal of this "molecular fMRI" approach is to permit noninvasive whole-brain neuroimaging with specificity and resolution approaching current optical neuroimaging methods. In this article, we describe the context and need for molecular fMRI as well as the state of the technology today. We explain how major types of MRI probes work and how they can be sensitized to neurobiological processes, such as neurotransmitter release, calcium signaling, and gene expression changes. We comment both on past work in the field and on challenges and promising avenues for future development.
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT
Brain researchers currently have a choice between measuring neural activity using cellular-level recording techniques, such as electrophysiology and optical imaging, or whole-brain imaging methods, such as fMRI. Cellular level methods are precise but only address a small portion of mammalian brains; on the other hand, whole-brain neuroimaging techniques provide very little specificity for neural pathways or signaling components of interest. The molecular fMRI techniques we discuss have particular potential to combine the specificity of cellular-level measurements with the noninvasive whole-brain coverage of fMRI. On the other hand, molecular fMRI is only just getting off the ground. This article aims to offer a snapshot of the status and future prospects for development of molecular fMRI techniques.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Contrast Media; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 27076413
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4050-15.2016