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CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians Jul 2022The authors define molecular imaging, according to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, as the visualization, characterization, and measurement of... (Review)
Review
The authors define molecular imaging, according to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, as the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems. Although practiced for many years clinically in nuclear medicine, expansion to other imaging modalities began roughly 25 years ago and has accelerated since. That acceleration derives from the continual appearance of new and highly relevant animal models of human disease, increasingly sensitive imaging devices, high-throughput methods to discover and optimize affinity agents to key cellular targets, new ways to manipulate genetic material, and expanded use of cloud computing. Greater interest by scientists in allied fields, such as chemistry, biomedical engineering, and immunology, as well as increased attention by the pharmaceutical industry, have likewise contributed to the boom in activity in recent years. Whereas researchers and clinicians have applied molecular imaging to a variety of physiologic processes and disease states, here, the authors focus on oncology, arguably where it has made its greatest impact. The main purpose of imaging in oncology is early detection to enable interception if not prevention of full-blown disease, such as the appearance of metastases. Because biochemical changes occur before changes in anatomy, molecular imaging-particularly when combined with liquid biopsy for screening purposes-promises especially early localization of disease for optimum management. Here, the authors introduce the ways and indications in which molecular imaging can be undertaken, the tools used and under development, and near-term challenges and opportunities in oncology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medical Oncology; Molecular Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 34902160
DOI: 10.3322/caac.21713 -
Neuroscience Bulletin Oct 2014
Topics: Brain; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 25260794
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1474-8 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Mar 2021
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 33494586
DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.21.03329-X -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 36357149
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.10.001 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Aug 2018The recent clinical success of cancer immunotherapy has renewed interest in the development of tools to image the immune system. In general, immunotherapies attempt to... (Review)
Review
The recent clinical success of cancer immunotherapy has renewed interest in the development of tools to image the immune system. In general, immunotherapies attempt to enable the body's own immune cells to seek out and destroy malignant disease. Molecular imaging of the cells and molecules that regulate immunity could provide unique insight into the mechanisms of action, and failure, of immunotherapies. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art immunoimaging toolbox with a focus on imaging strategies and their applications toward immunotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunity; Immunotherapy; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms
PubMed: 29794226
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.185967 -
Nature Communications Mar 2022Non-invasive visualization of dynamic molecular events in real-time via molecular imaging may enable the monitoring of cascade catalytic reactions in living systems,...
Non-invasive visualization of dynamic molecular events in real-time via molecular imaging may enable the monitoring of cascade catalytic reactions in living systems, however effective imaging modalities and a robust catalytic reaction system are lacking. Here we utilize three-dimensional (3D) multispectral photoacoustic (PA) molecular imaging to monitor in vivo cascade catalytic therapy based on a dual enzyme-driven cyclic reaction platform. The system consists of a two-dimensional (2D) Pd-based nanozyme conjugated with glucose oxidase (GOx). The combination of nanozyme and GOx can induce the PA signal variation of endogenous molecules. Combined with the PA response of the nanozyme, we can simultaneously map the 3D PA signals of dynamic endogenous and exogenous molecules associated with the catalytic process, thus providing a real-time non-invasive visualization. We can also treat tumors under the navigation of the PA imaging. Therefore, our study demonstrates the imaging-guided potential of 3D multispectral PA imaging in feedback-looped cascade catalytic therapy.
Topics: Catalysis; Glucose Oxidase; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Photoacoustic Techniques
PubMed: 35277519
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29082-1 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jun 2021The genetic code to life is balanced on a string of DNA that is under constant metabolic and physical stress from environmental forces. Nearly all diseases have a... (Review)
Review
The genetic code to life is balanced on a string of DNA that is under constant metabolic and physical stress from environmental forces. Nearly all diseases have a genetic component caused by or resulting in DNA damage that alters biology to drive pathogenesis. Recent advancements in DNA repair biology have led to the development of imaging tools that target DNA damage response and repair proteins. PET has been used for early detection of oncogenic processes and monitoring of tumor response to chemotherapeutics that target the DNA repair machinery. In the field of precision medicine, imaging tools provide a unique opportunity for patient stratification by directly measuring drug target expression or monitoring therapy to identify early responders. This overview discusses the state of the art on molecular imaging of DNA damage and repair from the past 5 years, with an emphasis on poly[adenosine diphosphate ribose]polymerase-1 as an imaging target and predictive biomarker of response to therapy.
Topics: DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
PubMed: 33579802
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243287 -
Philosophical Transactions. Series A,... Nov 2017Biomedical engineering and its associated disciplines play a pivotal role in improving our understanding and management of disease. Motivated by past accomplishments,... (Review)
Review
Biomedical engineering and its associated disciplines play a pivotal role in improving our understanding and management of disease. Motivated by past accomplishments, such as the clinical implementation of coronary stents, pacemakers or recent developments in antibody therapies, disease management now enters a new era in which precision imaging and nanotechnology-enabled therapeutics are maturing to clinical translation. Preclinical molecular imaging increasingly focuses on specific components of the immune system that drive disease progression and complications, allowing the study of potential therapeutic targets. The first multicentre trials highlight the potential of clinical multimodality imaging for more efficient drug development. In this perspective, the role of integrating engineering, nanotechnology, molecular imaging and immunology to yield precision medicine is discussed.This article is part of the themed issue 'Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging'.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Engineering; Drug Development; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Nanomedicine; Nanotechnology; Precision Medicine; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 29038380
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0110 -
Molecular Imaging and Biology Jun 2017The fields of biomedical nanotechnology and theranostics have enjoyed exponential growth in recent years. The "Molecular Imaging in Nanotechnology and Theranostics"... (Review)
Review
The fields of biomedical nanotechnology and theranostics have enjoyed exponential growth in recent years. The "Molecular Imaging in Nanotechnology and Theranostics" (MINT) Interest Group of the World Molecular Imaging Society (WMIS) was created in order to provide a more organized and focused forum on these topics within the WMIS and at the World Molecular Imaging Conference (WMIC). The interest group was founded in 2015 and was officially inaugurated during the 2016 WMIC. The overarching goal of MINT is to bring together the many scientists who work on molecular imaging approaches using nanotechnology and those that work on theranostic agents. MINT therefore represents scientists, labs, and institutes that are very diverse in their scientific backgrounds and areas of expertise, reflecting the wide array of materials and approaches that drive these fields. In this short review, we attempt to provide a condensed overview over some of the key areas covered by MINT. Given the breadth of the fields and the given space constraints, we have limited the coverage to the realm of nanoconstructs, although theranostics is certainly not limited to this domain. We will also focus only on the most recent developments of the last 3-5 years, in order to provide the reader with an intuition of what is "in the pipeline" and has potential for clinical translation in the near future.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 28349293
DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1056-z -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2022Personalized medicine is emerging as a new goal in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This approach aims to establish differences between patients suffering from... (Review)
Review
Personalized medicine is emerging as a new goal in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This approach aims to establish differences between patients suffering from the same disease, which allows to choose the most effective treatment. Molecular imaging (MI) enables advanced insight into molecule interactions and disease pathology, improving the process of diagnosis and therapy and, for that reason, plays a crucial role in personalized medicine. Nanoparticles are widely used in MI techniques due to their size, high surface area to volume ratio, and multifunctional properties. After conjugation to specific ligands and drugs, nanoparticles can transport therapeutic compounds directly to their area of action and therefore may be used in theranostics-the simultaneous implementation of treatment and diagnostics. This review summarizes different MI techniques, including optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging, and computed tomography imaging with theranostics nanoparticles. Furthermore, it explores the potential use of constructs that enables multimodal imaging and track diseases in real time.
Topics: Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology
PubMed: 35269797
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052658