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BioMed Research International 2016
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Precision Medicine; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 27652263
DOI: 10.1155/2016/5170159 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jun 2019Cancer immunotherapy is now established as a central therapeutic pillar in hematologic oncology. Cell-based therapies, with or without genetic modification ex vivo, have... (Review)
Review
Cancer immunotherapy is now established as a central therapeutic pillar in hematologic oncology. Cell-based therapies, with or without genetic modification ex vivo, have reached the clinic as the standard of care in limited indications and remain the subject of intense preclinical and translational development. Expanding on this, related therapeutic approaches are in development for solid-tumor and nonmalignant indications, broadening the scope of this technology. It has long been recognized that in vivo tracking of infused cellular therapies would provide unique opportunities to optimize their efficacy and aid in the assessment and management of toxicity. Recently, we have witnessed the introduction of novel tracers for passive labeling of cell products and advances in the introduction and use of reporter genes to enable longitudinal imaging. This review highlights the key developments over the last 5 y.
Topics: Animals; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Molecular Imaging; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 30979822
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.213348 -
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Jun 2018One of the greatest challenges of modern neuroscience is to incorporate our growing knowledge of molecular and cellular-scale physiology into integrated,... (Review)
Review
One of the greatest challenges of modern neuroscience is to incorporate our growing knowledge of molecular and cellular-scale physiology into integrated, organismic-scale models of brain function in behavior and cognition. Molecular-level functional magnetic resonance imaging (molecular fMRI) is a new technology that can help bridge these scales by mapping defined microscopic phenomena over large, optically inaccessible regions of the living brain. In this review, we explain how MRI-detectable imaging probes can be used to sensitize noninvasive imaging to mechanistically significant components of neural processing. We discuss how a combination of innovative probe design, advanced imaging methods, and strategies for brain delivery can make molecular fMRI an increasingly successful approach for spatiotemporally resolved studies of diverse neural phenomena, perhaps eventually in people.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 29649765
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.03.009 -
Drug Discovery Today Aug 2022In addition to individual imaging techniques, the combination and integration of several imaging techniques, so-called multimodal imaging, can provide large amounts of... (Review)
Review
In addition to individual imaging techniques, the combination and integration of several imaging techniques, so-called multimodal imaging, can provide large amounts of anatomical, functional, and molecular information accelerating drug discovery and development processes. Imaging technologies aid in understanding the disease mechanism, finding new pharmacological targets, and assessment of new potential drug candidates and treatment response. Here, we describe how different imaging techniques can be used in different phases of drug discovery and development and highlight their strengths, related innovations, and future potential with a focus on the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics for imaging technologies.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Drug Discovery; Forecasting; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 35429672
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.009 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Nov 2022Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) has recently emerged as an important tool in the armamentarium of surgical oncologists. IMI allows real-time assessment of... (Review)
Review
Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) has recently emerged as an important tool in the armamentarium of surgical oncologists. IMI allows real-time assessment of oncologic resection quality, margin assessment, and occult disease detection during real-time surgery. Numerous tracers have now been developed for use in IMI-guided tissue sampling. Fluorochromes localize to the tumor by taking advantage of their disorganized capillary milieu, overexpressed receptors, or upregulated enzymes. Although fluorescent tracers can suffer from issues of autofluorescence and lack of depth penetration, these challenges are being addressed through hybrid radioactive/fluorescent tracers and new tracers that fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR-II [wavelength > 1,000 nm]) range. IMI is already being used to treat numerous cancers, with demonstrated improvement in cancer recurrence and patient outcomes without incurring significant burden on either clinicians or patients. In this comprehensive review, we discuss history, mechanism, current oncologic applications, and future directions of IMI-guided optical biopsy.
Topics: Humans; Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Molecular Imaging; Fluorescent Dyes; Neoplasms; Optical Imaging
PubMed: 35953303
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263409 -
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology Aug 2016After more than a decade of instrument and method development, broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) micro-spectroscopy is beginning to live up to its... (Review)
Review
After more than a decade of instrument and method development, broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) micro-spectroscopy is beginning to live up to its potential as a label-free imaging modality that can rapidly generate high resolution images with full vibrational spectra at each image pixel. Presently these instruments are able to obtain quantitative, spatially resolved information on lipids from the CH stretch region of the Raman spectrum, and some instrument designs facilitate acquisition of high quality fingerprint spectra, containing information on a host of molecular species including structural proteins, nucleotides, and metabolites. While most of the existing instruments are research projects themselves, it appears that the relevant technologies are maturing so that commercially available instruments may not be too far in the future, making this remarkable imaging modality widely available.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 27400394
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.05.010 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Microglia are highly dynamic in the brain in terms of their ability to migrate, proliferate, and phagocytose over the course of an individual's life. Real-time imaging... (Review)
Review
Microglia are highly dynamic in the brain in terms of their ability to migrate, proliferate, and phagocytose over the course of an individual's life. Real-time imaging is a useful tool to examine how microglial behavior is regulated and how it affects the surrounding environment. However, microglia are sensitive to environmental stimuli, so they possibly change their state during live imaging , mainly due to surgical damage, and due to various effects associated with culture conditions. Therefore, it is difficult to perform live imaging without compromising the properties of the microglia under physiological conditions. To overcome this barrier, various experimental conditions have been developed; recently, it has become possible to perform live imaging of so-called surveillant microglia , and , although there are various limitations. Now, we can choose , or live imaging systems according to the research objective. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each experimental system and outline the physiological significance and molecular mechanisms of microglial behavior that have been elucidated by live imaging.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Communication; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Tracking; Cells, Cultured; Diagnostic Imaging; Gene Expression; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Microglia; Molecular Imaging; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33763064
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.617564 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Molecular imaging is the visual representation of biological processes that take place at the cellular or molecular level in living organisms. To date, molecular imaging... (Review)
Review
Molecular imaging is the visual representation of biological processes that take place at the cellular or molecular level in living organisms. To date, molecular imaging plays an important role in the transition from conventional medical practice to precision medicine. Among all imaging modalities, positron emission tomography (PET) has great advantages in sensitivity and the ability to obtain absolute imaging quantification after corrections for photon attenuation and scattering. Due to the ability to label a host of unique molecules of biological interest, including endogenous, naturally occurring substrates and drug-like compounds, the role of PET has been well established in the field of molecular imaging. In this article, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the development of PET radiopharmaceuticals and their clinical applications in oncology.
Topics: Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 36296381
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206790 -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Apr 2016
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 26809440
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0403-9 -
Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San... Jul 2017In rapid-scan EPR the magnetic field or frequency is repeatedly scanned through the spectrum at rates that are much faster than in conventional continuous wave EPR. The... (Review)
Review
In rapid-scan EPR the magnetic field or frequency is repeatedly scanned through the spectrum at rates that are much faster than in conventional continuous wave EPR. The signal is directly-detected with a mixer at the source frequency. Rapid-scan EPR is particularly advantageous when the scan rate through resonance is fast relative to electron spin relaxation rates. In such scans, there may be oscillations on the trailing edge of the spectrum. These oscillations can be removed by mathematical deconvolution to recover the slow-scan absorption spectrum. In cases of inhomogeneous broadening, the oscillations may interfere destructively to the extent that they are not visible. The deconvolution can be used even when it is not required, so spectra can be obtained in which some portions of the spectrum are in the rapid-scan regime and some are not. The technology developed for rapid-scan EPR can be applied generally so long as spectra are obtained in the linear response region. The detection of the full spectrum in each scan, the ability to use higher microwave power without saturation, and the noise filtering inherent in coherent averaging results in substantial improvement in signal-to-noise relative to conventional continuous wave spectroscopy, which is particularly advantageous for low-frequency EPR imaging. This overview describes the principles of rapid-scan EPR and the hardware used to generate the spectra. Examples are provided of its application to imaging of nitroxide radicals, diradicals, and spin-trapped radicals at a Larmor frequency of ca. 250MHz.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Diagnostic Imaging; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Humans; Microwaves; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 28579099
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.02.013