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Laser Therapy Jun 2016Recently novel picosecond duration lasers (ps-lasers) have been developed for the treatment of multicolored and recalcitrant tattoos, and safety and efficacy have been...
Recently novel picosecond duration lasers (ps-lasers) have been developed for the treatment of multicolored and recalcitrant tattoos, and safety and efficacy have been reported. We therefore hypothesized that the ps-laser could be an alternative treatment for dermal pigmented lesions and performed a retrospective review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the ps-laser. A retrospective photographic review of 10 patients with dermal pigmented lesions was performed (ages from 4 months to 52 yr), 6 nevus of Ota, 3 ectopic Mongolian spots and 1 Mongolian spots. The patients were treated in the Ohshiro Clinic with picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser (ps-Alex laser) and picosecond 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser (ps-Nd:YAG laser) from April 2014 to December 2015 (ps-Alex laser, 7 patients; ps-Nd:YAG laser, 3 patients, 1 to 3 treatment sessions). Improvement was evaluated as percentage of pigmentation clearance comparing the baseline findings with those at 3 months after the final treatment using a five category grading scale: Poor, 0-24%; Fair, 25-49%; Good, 50-74%; Excellent, 75-94%; and Complete, 95-100% improvement. Adverse events were also assessed. All ten patients obtained clinical improvement ranging from fair to excellent. Treatment with the ps-Alex laser caused transient hyperpigmentation followed by improvement to complete resolution at 3 months follow-up. The ps-Nd:YAG laser caused severe transient erythema and swelling but no post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Our results suggest that the 755 nm and 1064 nm ps-lasers are efficacious for the treatment of dermal pigment lesions, with minimum adverse events.
PubMed: 27721561
DOI: 10.5978/islsm.16-OR-07 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Sep 2020Blue naevus is a rare lesion on genital mucosa and may cause confusion in differential diagnosis with other pigmented lesions. In this case report, a 39-year-old man...
Blue naevus is a rare lesion on genital mucosa and may cause confusion in differential diagnosis with other pigmented lesions. In this case report, a 39-year-old man presented with a sudden onset in adulthood of blue naevus on the glans penis. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Due to the unusual presentation, the onset and the risk of turning invasive, a careful examination was performed in order to minimise any risk of misclassification with melanoma. Afterwards, the patient was followed in a dermatologic department every six months. To our knowledge, only few similar cases have been described in literature.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Mongolian Spot; Nevus, Blue; Penis; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33000740
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Genetics 2023Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II (MPS II) is a rare, progressive and ultimately fatal X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the iduronate-2-sulfatase...
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II (MPS II) is a rare, progressive and ultimately fatal X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene. This report conducted a retrospective analysis to investigate the clinical characteristics, genotypes and management strategies in a large cohort of Chinese patients with MPS II. In this study, we explored 130 Chinese patients with MPS II between September 2008 and April 2022. Clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, IDS pathogenic gene variants and IDS enzyme activity, surgical history were analysed in the study. A total of 130 patients were enrolled and the mean age at diagnosis was 5 years old. This study found the most common symptoms in our patients were claw-like hands, followed by coarse facial features, birthmarks (Mongolian spot), delayed development, inguinal or umbilical hernia. The most commonly cardiac manifestations were valve abnormalities, which were mitral/tricuspid valve regurgitation (71.9%) and aortic/pulmonary valve regurgitation (36.8%). We had found 43 different IDS pathogenic gene variants in 55 patients, included 16 novel variants. The variants were concentrated in exon 9 (20% = 11/55), exon 3 (20% = 11/55) and exon 8 (15% = 8/55). A total of 50 patients (38.5%) underwent surgical treatment, receiving a total of 63 surgeries. The average age of first surgery was 2.6 years, and the majority of surgery (85.7%, 54/63) was operated before 4 years old. The most common and earliest surgery was hernia repair. Three patients were died of respiratory failure. This study provided additional information on the clinical, cardiac ultrasound and surgical procedure in MPS II patients. Our study expanded the genotype spectrum of MPS II. Based on these data, characterization of MPS II patients group could be used to early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
PubMed: 36713083
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1103620 -
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Feb 2018Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a syndrome characterized by the association of a vascular nevus with a congenital pigmented lesion (epidermal nevus, nevus...
Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a syndrome characterized by the association of a vascular nevus with a congenital pigmented lesion (epidermal nevus, nevus spilus, and dermal melanocytosis). There are different types of PPV according to the pigmentary nevus associated with the vascular malformation. Patients may present only the cutaneous condition or have systemic manifestations, among them, trauma, neurological and ophthalmological disorders. We report the case of a 1-year-old girl who had congenital glaucoma. On examination, we identified facial paralysis, bilateral ocular melanosis, segmental capillary vascular malformation on the face as on left trunk and extremities, and aberrant Mongolian spots on the upper back, lumbosacral area and buttocks. Due to clinical manifestation, the diagnosis of PPV was made. The patient was evaluated by Neurology, Traumatology and keeps on with ophthalmological controls. Complementary studies are important, to rule out extracutaneous manifestations in PPV.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Neurocutaneous Syndromes; Phenotype
PubMed: 29333836
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2018.e121 -
International Journal of Legal Medicine May 2020Mongolian spots (MS) are congenital dermal conditions resulting from neural crest-derived melanocytes migration to the skin during embryogenesis. MS incidences are...
Mongolian spots (MS) are congenital dermal conditions resulting from neural crest-derived melanocytes migration to the skin during embryogenesis. MS incidences are highly variable in different populations. Morphologically, MS present as hyperpigmented maculae of varying size and form, ranging from round spots of 1 cm in diameter to extensive discolorations covering predominantly the lower back and buttocks. Due to their coloring, which is also dependent on the skin type, MS may mimic hematoma thus posing a challenge on the physician conducting examinations of children in cases of suspected child abuse. In the present study, MS incidences and distribution, as well as skin types, were documented in a collective of 253 children examined on the basis of suspected child abuse. From these data, a classification scheme was derived to document MS and to help identify cases with a need for recurrent examination for unambiguous interpretation of initial findings alongside the main decisive factors for re-examination such as general circumstances of the initial examination (e. g., experience of the examiner, lighting conditions) and given dermatological conditions of the patient (e. g., diaper rash).
Topics: Adolescent; Age Distribution; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Male; Mongolian Spot; Physical Examination; Prospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 32166386
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02208-9 -
Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal 2020In Mongolia, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, and prevalence of hypertension is very high. The aim of this study was to investigate the association...
In Mongolia, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, and prevalence of hypertension is very high. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hypertension and sociodemographic factors and health-related behaviors among men in Darkhan-Uul Province, Mongolia. This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2015 and January 2016. Men whose wives were pregnant with ≤ 20 weeks gestation and had attended antenatal health checkups at public health facilities were recruited in this study. The data were collected as part of a survey of pregnant women and their partners. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, anthropometry, and spot urine samples. A total of 224 men participated in the survey, and data from 209 participants were included in the analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that men with higher BMI had higher odds of hypertension than those with lower BMI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03-1.26). Those with urinary cotinine > 100 ng/ml (smokers) had a lower risk of hypertension (AOR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09-0.67) compared to participants with urinary cotinine/ml (nonsmokers). This is the first study to investigate the association between hypertension and sociodemographic factors and health-related behaviors among men in Mongolia. Based on the findings of this study, clinicians responsible for public health in Mongolia should provide health education regarding the importance of weight control in preventing hypertension.
PubMed: 32055683
DOI: 10.31372/20190404.1067 -
BioMed Research International 2020Worldwide interest in the use of functional foods containing probiotic bacteria such as and for health promotion and disease prevention has increased significantly....
Worldwide interest in the use of functional foods containing probiotic bacteria such as and for health promotion and disease prevention has increased significantly. Probiotics have demonstrated beneficial properties including strengthening the body's natural defense system, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and regulating mental activity, but their effects on the human vagina have not been fully elucidated. The primary purpose of our study was to isolate strains from old yogurt, a traditional dairy product, and investigate their probiotic potential with respect to the human vaginal system. Four () strains, named ZX1, ZX2, ZX27, and ZX69, were isolated from the yogurt samples. Simultaneously, we used a commercial strain ( DM8909) as a control strain. We tested the antimicrobial activity of isolates against and by agar spot and well diffusion tests. Then, we tested the antibiotic susceptibility of the 5 strains by using the minimal inhibitory concentration method. We attempted to detect possible bacteriocin genes by PCR sequencing technique. Using a chemically defined medium simulating genital tract secretions, we found that the selected strains could alter the expression of known virulence genes in Bacteriocins derived from these isolated strains had potent antibacterial activity against . and . , with the most effective activity observed in the case of ZX27. In addition, all strains including the . DM8909 were positive for the presence of the plantaricin cluster of genes described in . C11. The tested stains possessed the gene indicating that one of the antibacterial agents was plantaricin. We assume that the production of antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins induce to upregulate antimicrobial resistance genes. The new isolated strains have bacteriocin-related genes and can change the antimicrobial resistance gene transcription of . .
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriocins; Escherichia coli; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Humans; Lactobacillus; Yogurt
PubMed: 32382546
DOI: 10.1155/2020/3548618 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2017Horses are critically important for Mongolian herders' livelihoods, providing transportation and food products, and playing important cultural roles. Equine influenza...
Horses are critically important for Mongolian herders' livelihoods, providing transportation and food products, and playing important cultural roles. Equine influenza virus (EIV) epizootics have been frequent among Mongolia's horses, with five occurring since 1970. We sought to estimate the prevalence for EIV infection among horses and Bactrian camels with influenza-like illness between national epizootics. In 2016-2017, active surveillance for EIV was periodically performed in four aimags (provinces). Nasal swabs were collected from 680 horses and 131 camels. Seven of the horse swabs were "positive" for qRT-PCR evidence of influenza A (Ct value ≤ 38). Two more were "suspect positive" (Ct value > 38 and ≤ 40). These nine specimens were collected from four aimags. None of the camel specimens had molecular evidence of infection. Despite serial blind passage in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells (MDCK) cells, none of the nine horse specimens yielded an influenza A virus. None of the 131 herder households surveyed had recently vaccinated their horses against EIV. It seems likely that sporadic EIV is enzootic in multiple Mongolian aimags. This finding, the infrequent use of EIV vaccination, periodic prevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza, and the mixing of domestic and wild equid herds suggest that Mongolia may be a hot spot for novel EIV emergence.
PubMed: 29189713
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040061 -
International Journal of Neonatal... Jun 2021Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is among the most common conditions leading to intellectual disability, which can be prevented by early detection through newborn...
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is among the most common conditions leading to intellectual disability, which can be prevented by early detection through newborn screening (NBS). In Mongolia, a regional screening program for CH was launched in 2000, which was supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for the Asia Pacific Region. In our present study, a total of 23,002 newborns from nine districts in Ulaanbaatar were screened between 2012 and 2020, by the measurement of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from dried blood spots, sampled 24 to 72 h after birth. The level of TSH was measured by the DELFIA assay. The overall CH prevalence confirmed at birth was 1/2091. The female-to-male ratio for CH cases was 1.8:1. The majority of patients were asymptomatic (72.7% of CH cases); umbilical hernia and cold or mottled skin were reported symptoms in patients with CH (27.3%). Thyroid dysgenesis (hypoplasia and agenesis) was the most common etiology, with a total of nine cases (81.8%) out of the eleven patients. The lapse between the birth date and the initiation of L-thyroxine treatment in CH-positive children was lower than 15 days in 63.64% of cases or 15 to 30 days in 36.36% of children. Further research is required to expand the screening coverage for CH in Mongolia.
PubMed: 34200138
DOI: 10.3390/ijns7020029 -
PloS One 2017Our previous 2005-2009 molecular epidemiological study in Mongolia identified a hot spot of HIV-1 transmission in men who have sex with men (MSM). To control the...
OBJECTIVE
Our previous 2005-2009 molecular epidemiological study in Mongolia identified a hot spot of HIV-1 transmission in men who have sex with men (MSM). To control the infection, we collaborated with NGOs to promote safer sex and HIV testing since mid-2010. In this study, we carried out the second molecular epidemiological survey between 2010 and 2016 to determine the status of HIV-1 infection in Mongolia.
METHODS
The study included 143 new cases of HIV-1 infection. Viral RNA was extracted from stocked plasma samples and sequenced for the pol and the env regions using the Sanger method. Near-full length sequencing using MiSeq was performed in 3 patients who were suspected to be infected with recombinant HIV-1. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbor-joining method and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method.
RESULTS
MSM was the main transmission route in the previous and current studies. However, heterosexual route showed a significant increase in recent years. Phylogenetic analysis documented three taxa; Mongolian B, Korean B, and CRF51_01B, though the former two were also observed in the previous study. CRF51_01B, which originated from Singapore and Malaysia, was confirmed by near-full length sequencing. Although these strains were mainly detected in MSM, they were also found in increasing numbers of heterosexual males and females. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis estimated transmission of CRF51_01B into Mongolia around early 2000s. An extended Bayesian skyline plot showed a rapid increase in the effective population size of Mongolian B cluster around 2004 and that of CRF51_01B cluster around 2011.
CONCLUSIONS
HIV-1 infection might expand to the general population in Mongolia. Our study documented a new cluster of HIV-1 transmission, enhancing our understanding of the epidemiological status of HIV-1 in Mongolia.
Topics: Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Molecular Epidemiology; Mongolia; Phylogeny
PubMed: 29244859
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189605