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Cureus Dec 2021The term "Mongolian Spot" rather than the preferred descriptive name congenital dermal melanocytosis (CDM) continues to be used despite compelling objections to the...
The term "Mongolian Spot" rather than the preferred descriptive name congenital dermal melanocytosis (CDM) continues to be used despite compelling objections to the contrary. Terms that stigmatize a culture, region, people, country, communities, and ethnic group should be replaced by their more descriptive counterparts. Herein, we clarify terminology, discuss the historical significance, and provide a recommendation about naming this disease.
PubMed: 35036226
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20396 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2013Mongolian spots (MS) are birthmarks that are present at birth and their most common location is sacrococcygeal or lumbar area. Lesions may be single or multiple and... (Review)
Review
Mongolian spots (MS) are birthmarks that are present at birth and their most common location is sacrococcygeal or lumbar area. Lesions may be single or multiple and usually involve < 5% total body surface area. They are macular and round, oval or irregular in shape. The color varies from blue to greenish, gray, black or a combination of any of the above. The size varies from few to more than 20 centimetres. Pigmentation is most intense at the age of one year and gradually fades thereafter. It is rarely seen after the age of 6 years. Aberrant MS over occiput, temple, mandibular area, shoulders and limbs may be confused with other dermal melanocytoses and bruises secondary to child abuse, thus necessitating documentation at birth. Although regarded as benign, recent data suggest that MS may be associated with inborn errors of metabolism and neurocristopathies. Mongolian spots usually resolve by early childhood and hence no treatment is generally needed if they are located in the sacral area. However, sometimes it may be required for extrasacral lesions for cosmesis.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Mongolian Spot; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 23760316
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.113074 -
Pediatric Dermatology 1996We report a patient with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb and numerous iris hamartomas. Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb is characterized by the simultaneous...
We report a patient with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb and numerous iris hamartomas. Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of a nevus flammeus, a mongolian spot, and sometimes a nevus anemicus in the same individual, with systemic involvement. To our knowledge, the association with multiple iris hamartomas has been reported only once. This second patient suggests that the association might be more common. Additional reports will indicate if such an association is more frequent than is now assumed.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hamartoma; Humans; Iris; Nevus, Blue; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms; Syndrome
PubMed: 8919522
DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1996.tb01184.x -
RNA Biology Jan 2023Cancer is a multi-factor systemic malignant disease, which has seriously threatened human health and created a heavy burden on the world economy. Metabolic... (Review)
Review
Cancer is a multi-factor systemic malignant disease, which has seriously threatened human health and created a heavy burden on the world economy. Metabolic reprogramming, one of the important signs of malignant tumours, provides necessary nutrition for tumorigenesis and cancer development; thus, it has recently become a research hot spot, even though the metabolic mechanism is quite intricate. Circular RNA (circRNA) affects cancer cell metabolism through various molecular mechanisms, playing an important role in promoting or suppressing cancer. Because of the structure characteristics, circRNA is quite stable, and can be utilized as biomarkers. In this review, we analysed and summarized the characteristics and biological functions of circRNA and comprehensively reviewed and discussed the important role of circRNA in cancer metabolic reprogramming. This review will provide new ideas for developing new anti-cancer therapeutic targets, mining cancer diagnostic and prognostic markers, and will provide guidance for other researchers to design circRNA-related experiments and develop anti-tumour drugs.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Circular; Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
PubMed: 37599427
DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2247877 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Medicinal plant diversity (MPD) is an important component of plant diversity. Over-collection based on medicinal and economic value has the potential to damage the...
Medicinal plant diversity (MPD) is an important component of plant diversity. Over-collection based on medicinal and economic value has the potential to damage the stability of the regional ecosystem. It is important to understand the current distribution of MPD and the factors influencing it. However, it is still unclear whether environmental and socioeconomic conditions have an impact on their distribution. We selected the Inner Mongolia as a representative study area which covers a wide area, accounting for 12.29% of China's national land area and 0.79% of the world's land area. At the same time, the region is a long-standing traditional medicinal area for Mongolians in China. Therefore, the region is significantly influenced by changes in environmental factors and socio-economic factors. We used 9-years field survey of the distribution of medicinal plants in Inner Mongolia for assessing the distribution of MPD as influenced by environmental and socioeconomic activities by combining spatial analyses, species distribution models, and generalized additive models. The results from the spatial analysis show that the western region of Inner Mongolia is the main cold spot area of the MPD, and the central-eastern and northeastern regions of Inner Mongolia are the main hot spot areas of the MPD. At the same time, the distribution of cold spots and hot spots of MPD is more obvious at large spatial scales, and with the refinement of spatial scales, the cold spots in scattered areas are gradually revealed, which is indicative for the conservation and development of MPD at different spatial scales. Under the future climate change of shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP), areas with high habitat suitability for medicinal plants remain mainly dominated by the Yellow River, Yin Mountains, and Greater Khingan Range. Notably, the SSP245 development pathway remains the most significant concern in either long- or short-term development. The nonlinear relationship between the driving factors of MPD at different spatial scales shows that temperature, precipitation and socioeconomic development do have complex effects on MPD. The presence of a certain temperature, altitude, and precipitation range has an optimal facilitation effect on MPD, rather than a single facilitation effect. This complex nonlinear correlation provides a reference for further studies on plant diversity and sustainable development and management. In this study, the spatial distribution of medicinal plant resources and the extent to which they are driven by ecological and socioeconomic factors were analyzed through a macroscopic approach. This provides a reference for larger-scale studies on the environmental and socioeconomic influences on the distribution of plant resources.
PubMed: 36339592
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.979890 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2023Q-switched neodymium-yttrium aluminum-garnet (Q-switched Nd:YAG) laser has been reported as an effective treatment for nevus of Ota and acquired bilateral nevus of...
Q-switched neodymium-yttrium aluminum-garnet (Q-switched Nd:YAG) laser has been reported as an effective treatment for nevus of Ota and acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (ABNOM). Data on ectopic Mongolian spots have rarely been reported.The present study was performed to investigate the treatment efficacy of a high-fluence 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser without tissue whitening in ectopic Mongolian spots.We included 61 patients with ectopic Mongolian spots, and 70 lesions were examined. Thirty-three lesions were treated with a high-fluence 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, and 38 lesions were observed without treatment. The results were assessed using a 5-quantile grading scale and melanin index using a Mexameter®.Mean follow-up duration was 14.1 ± 6.8 months for the treatment group and 17.8 ± 10.0 months for the observation group. Mean 5-quintile grading scale at final follow-up was statistically different ( < 0.001) between the two groups (treatment: 2.85 ± 1.00, observation: 0.49 ± 0.73). There was a significant difference ( < 0.001) in the Δ melanin index (initial melanin index - final melanin index) between the observation (7.1 ± 62.7) and treatment (156.7 ± 78.4) groups.High-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser without tissue whitening showed good results and was well-tolerated in treating ectopic Mongolian spots.
Topics: Humans; Lasers, Solid-State; Mongolian Spot; Nevus of Ota; Melanins; Treatment Outcome; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 37781886
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2255057 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Nov 2013Mongolian spots (MS) are congenital birthmarks seen most commonly over the lumbosacral area. They are bluish-green to black in color and oval to irregular in shape. They...
Mongolian spots (MS) are congenital birthmarks seen most commonly over the lumbosacral area. They are bluish-green to black in color and oval to irregular in shape. They are most commonly found in individuals of African or Asian ethnic background. Although these lesions resolve by one to two years of age, widespread, extrasacral and dark colored MS sometimes persist into adulthood. Aberrant MS over occiput, temple, mandibular area, shoulders and limbs may be confused with other dermal melanocytoses and bruises secondary to child abuse, thus necessitating documentation at birth. Although traditionally believed to be benign in nature, they have now been shown to co-exist with inborn errors of metabolism, most commonly GM1 gangliosidosis and mucopolysaccharidosis type I (Hurler's disease), followed by mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter's syndrome), mucolipidosis, Niemann-Pick disease and mannosidosis. They have also been seen to co-exist with various vascular or other pigmented birthmarks like café-au-lait macules. Co-existing Mongolian spots and vascular birthmarks like nevus flammeus, nevus anemicus or nevus spilus is termed as phakomatosis pigmentovascularis. This review focuses on the important associations of Mongolian spots and stresses upon the importance of screening babies with extensive MS.
PubMed: 24340274
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v1.i8.230 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2013Dermal melanocytoses include a variety of congenital and acquired melanocytic lesions characterised by the presence of multiple spindle-shaped dendritic melanocytes in...
Dermal melanocytoses include a variety of congenital and acquired melanocytic lesions characterised by the presence of multiple spindle-shaped dendritic melanocytes in the dermis. These lesions are commonly found in the skin of Asians, but they can also appear in Caucasians. The Mongolian spot, nevi of Ota and Ito are the most common morphological forms. We report a case of a 24-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 10-months history of progressive darkening of the right side of her upper back. Cutaneous examination revealed a macular blue-grey hyperpigmentation of the right side of her upper back. Biopsy specimen from the macule showed multiple darkly pigmented, spindle-shaped dendritic melanocytes in the superficial dermis, interstitially arranged between collagen bundles. The diagnosis of nevus of Ito was established. Our patient is maintaining vigilance in dermatology consultation.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Pigmentation Disorders; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 23729678
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009746