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Sleep Medicine Clinics Jun 2018The regulated alternations between wakefulness and sleep states reflect complex behavioral processes, orchestrated by distinct neurochemical changes in brain parenchyma.... (Review)
Review
The regulated alternations between wakefulness and sleep states reflect complex behavioral processes, orchestrated by distinct neurochemical changes in brain parenchyma. No single neurotransmitter or neuromodulator controls the sleep-wake states in isolation. Rather, fine-tuned interactions within organized neuronal circuits regulate waking and sleep states and drive their transitions. Structural or functional dysregulation and medications interfering with these ensembles can lead to sleep-wake disorders and exert wanted or unwanted pharmacological actions on sleep-wake states. Knowledge of the neurochemical bases of sleep-wake states, which will be discussed in this article, provides the conceptual framework for understanding pharmacological effects on sleep and wake.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Wakefulness
PubMed: 29759265
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2018.03.002 -
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 2021The neural regulation of glucose homeostasis in normal and challenged conditions involves the modulation of pancreatic islet-cell function. Compromising the pancreas...
The neural regulation of glucose homeostasis in normal and challenged conditions involves the modulation of pancreatic islet-cell function. Compromising the pancreas innervation causes islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes and islet cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. However, despite the richly innervated nature of the pancreas, islet innervation remains ill-defined. Here, we review the neuroanatomical and humoral basis of the cross-talk between the endocrine pancreas and autonomic and sensory neurons. Identifying the neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of the neuro-insular network would provide clues to neuromodulation-based approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity.
PubMed: 34354571
DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.691777 -
Metallomics : Integrated Biometal... Jun 2016
Topics: Brain; Female; Humans; Lead; Male; Manganese
PubMed: 27261156
DOI: 10.1039/c6mt90017h -
Brain Plasticity (Amsterdam,... Mar 2017A significant body of work has investigated the effects of acute exercise, defined as a single bout of physical activity, on mood and cognitive functions in humans.... (Review)
Review
A significant body of work has investigated the effects of acute exercise, defined as a single bout of physical activity, on mood and cognitive functions in humans. Several excellent recent reviews have summarized these findings; however, the neurobiological basis of these results has received less attention. In this review, we will first briefly summarize the cognitive and behavioral changes that occur with acute exercise in humans. We will then review the results from both human and animal model studies documenting the wide range of neurophysiological and neurochemical alterations that occur after a single bout of exercise. Finally, we will discuss the strengths, weaknesses, and missing elements in the current literature, as well as offer an acute exercise standardization protocol and provide possible goals for future research.
PubMed: 29765853
DOI: 10.3233/BPL-160040 -
The World Journal of Biological... Apr 2017Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that are specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that are specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of biomarkers for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
METHODS
Findings in biomarker research were reviewed by a task force of international experts in the field, consisting of members of the World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry Task Force on Biological Markers and of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Anxiety Disorders Research Network.
RESULTS
The present article (Part II) summarises findings on potential biomarkers in neurochemistry (neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine or GABA, neuropeptides such as cholecystokinin, neurokinins, atrial natriuretic peptide, or oxytocin, the HPA axis, neurotrophic factors such as NGF and BDNF, immunology and CO hypersensitivity), neurophysiology (EEG, heart rate variability) and neurocognition. The accompanying paper (Part I) focuses on neuroimaging and genetics.
CONCLUSIONS
Although at present, none of the putative biomarkers is sufficient and specific as a diagnostic tool, an abundance of high quality research has accumulated that should improve our understanding of the neurobiological causes of anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD.
Topics: Advisory Committees; Anxiety Disorders; Biological Psychiatry; Biomarkers; Consensus; Humans; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Societies, Medical; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 27419272
DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1190867 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Mar 2017Retraction: "Chronic NMDA administration to rats up-regulates frontal cortex cytosolic phospholipase A and its transcription factor, activator protein-2" by Rao JS,...
Retraction: "Chronic NMDA administration to rats up-regulates frontal cortex cytosolic phospholipase A and its transcription factor, activator protein-2" by Rao JS, Ertley RN, Rapoport SI, Bazinet RP, Lee HJ. The above article from Journal of Neurochemistry, published online on 13 April 2007 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) and in volume 102, issue 6, pp. 1918-1927, has been retracted by agreement between the corresponding author Stanley Rapoport, co-author Richard Bazinet, the Journal's Editor-in-Chief Jörg Schulz, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The Editorial Office was contacted by the author Stanley Rapoport with the request to retract this and a related publication (see below), informing the Editor-in-Chief that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) had found Dr. Jagadeesh S. Rao guilty of research misconduct by falsifying data in the referenced paper. The Editorial Office was forwarded a letter signed by investigation committee members on behalf of NIH and NIA, which states: "[…] The National Institutes of Health (NIH) investigated allegations of research misconduct involving the falsification of data in "Chronic NMDA administration to rats up-regulates frontal cortex cytosolic phospholipase A and its transcription factor, activator protein-2." Jagadeesh S. Rao, Renee N. Ertley, Stanley I. Rapoport, Richard P. Bazinet, and Ho-Joo Lee. J. Neurochemistry 102, 1918-1927, 2007. Based on the unanimous decision of a five member committee, composed of NIH investigators, NIH found that Dr. Jagadeesh Rao, corresponding author, knowingly and intentionally committed research misconduct by falsifying data in Figures 3 and 5 in the manuscript listed above. Dr. Rao was solely responsible for the falsification and all other authors were uninvolved. The report was submitted to the HHS Office of Research Integrity for its review. Because Dr. Rao was the corresponding author, Dr. Stanley I. Rapoport, Senior Advisor for the former Laboratory of Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, is acting for Dr. Rao, who was his representative, and approves this request to retract this publication using the recommended language, in italics above." A related paper has also been retracted: Keleshian VL, Modi HR, Rapoport SI, Rao JS. (2013) Aging is associated with altered inflammatory, arachidonic acid cascade, and synaptic markers, influenced by epigenetic modifications, in the human frontal cortex. J. Neurochem. 125: 63-73. References Keleshian V. L., Modi H. R., Rapoport S. I. and Rao J. S. (2013) Aging is associated with altered inflammatory, arachidonic acid cascade, and synaptic markers, influenced by epigenetic modifications, in the human frontal cortex. J. Neurochem. 125, 63-73. Rao J. S., Ertley R. N., Rapoport S. I., Bazinet R. P. and Lee H. J. (2007) Chronic NMDA administration to rats up-regulates frontal cortex cytosolic phospholipase A and its transcription factor, activator protein-2. J. Neurochem. 102, 1918-1927.
PubMed: 28261876
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13947 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Mar 2017Retraction: "Aging is associated with altered inflammatory, arachidonic acid cascade, and synaptic markers, influenced by epigenetic modifications, in the human frontal...
Retraction: "Aging is associated with altered inflammatory, arachidonic acid cascade, and synaptic markers, influenced by epigenetic modifications, in the human frontal cortex" by Keleshian VL, Modi HR, Rapoport SI, Rao JS. The above article from Journal of Neurochemistry, published online on 17 February 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) and in volume 121, issue 1, pp. 63-73, has been retracted by agreement between the corresponding author Stanley Rapoport, the Journal's Editor-in-Chief, Jörg Schulz, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The Editorial Office was contacted by the author Stanley Rapoport with the request to retract this and a related publication (see below), informing the Editor-in-Chief that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) had found Dr. Jagadeesh S. Rao guilty of research misconduct by falsifying data in the referenced paper. The Editorial Office was forwarded a letter, signed by investigation committee members on behalf of NIH and NIA, which states: "[…] The National Institutes of Health (NIH) investigated allegations of research misconduct involving the falsification of data in "Aging is associated with altered inflammatory, arachidonic acid cascade, and synaptic markers, influenced by epigenetic modifications, in the human frontal cortex." Keleshian VL, Modi HR, Rapoport SI, Rao JS. Journal of Neurochemistry 2013 Apr; 125(1): 63-73. Based on the unanimous decision of a five member committee, composed of NIH investigators, NIH found that Dr. Jagadeesh Rao, corresponding author, knowingly and intentionally committed research misconduct by falsifying data in Figures 1A, 1G, 3G, and 4D in the manuscript(s) listed above. Dr. Rao was solely responsible for the falsification and all other authors were uninvolved. The report was submitted to the HHS Office of Research Integrity for its review. Because Dr. Rao was the corresponding author, Dr. Stanley I. Rapoport, Senior Advisor for the former Laboratory of Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, is acting for Dr. Rao, who was his representative, and approves this request to retract this publication using the recommended language, in italics above." A related paper has also been retracted: Rao JS, Ertley RN, Rapoport SI, Bazinet RP, Lee HJ. (2007) Chronic NMDA administration to rats up-regulates frontal cortex cytosolic phospholipase A and its transcription factor, activator protein-2. J. Neurochem. 102: 1918-1927. References Keleshian V. L., Modi H. R., Rapoport S. I. and Rao J. S. (2013) Aging is associated with altered inflammatory, arachidonic acid cascade, and synaptic markers, influenced by epigenetic modifications, in the human frontal cortex. J. Neurochem. 125, 63-73. Rao J. S., Ertley R. N., Rapoport S. I., Bazinet R. P. and Lee H. J. (2007) Chronic NMDA administration to rats up-regulates frontal cortex cytosolic phospholipase A and its transcription factor, activator protein-2. J. Neurochem. 102, 1918-1927.
PubMed: 28261875
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13948 -
Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B Apr 2016In this paper, we review in brief the development of ideas that over time have tried to explain why some individuals are more creative than others and what may be the... (Review)
Review
In this paper, we review in brief the development of ideas that over time have tried to explain why some individuals are more creative than others and what may be the neurobiological links underlying artistic creativity. We note associations with another unique human idea, that of genius. In particular, we discuss frontotemporal dementia and bipolar, cyclothymic mood disorder as clinical conditions that are helping to unravel the underlying neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of human creativity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Epilepsy, Art, and Creativity".
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Creativity; Dementia; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Neuropsychiatry
PubMed: 26876274
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.12.050 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Aug 2016Cannabinoid receptors hold a core position in the brain and control memory, cognition, movement, and pain sensitivity. sn-2 arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) activates...
Cannabinoid receptors hold a core position in the brain and control memory, cognition, movement, and pain sensitivity. sn-2 arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) activates neuronal cannabinoid receptors as a full agonist. The brain may rely on circulating arachidonic acid to synthesize endogenous cannabinoids. This Editorial highlights a study by Martin and coworkers in the current issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry in which the authors describe, for the first time, that liver acts as a pool of arachidonic acid that under certain conditions feeds the brain to produce endocannabinoids. Therapeutics affecting liver FABP1 levels should take into account that FABP1 represents a fatty acid reservoirs for the brain. Read the highlighted article "FABP-1 gene ablation impacts brain endocannabinoid system in male mice" on page 407.
PubMed: 27329821
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13685 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2021Visual attention is the cognitive process that mediates the selection of important information from the environment. This selection is usually controlled by bottom-up... (Review)
Review
Visual attention is the cognitive process that mediates the selection of important information from the environment. This selection is usually controlled by bottom-up and top-down attentional biasing. Since for most humans vision is the dominant sense, visual attention is critically important for higher-order cognitive functions and related deficits are a core symptom of many neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Here, we summarize the importance and relative contributions of different neuromodulators and neurotransmitters to the neural mechanisms of top-down and bottom-up attentional control. We will not only review the roles of widely accepted neuromodulators, such as acetylcholine, dopamine and noradrenaline, but also the contributions of other modulatory substances. In doing so, we hope to shed some light on the current understanding of the role of neurochemistry in shaping neuron properties contributing to the allocation of attention in the visual field.
PubMed: 34025339
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643597