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Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHB) can promote mycorrhizal fungal colonization and form mycorrhizal symbiosis structures. To investigate the effect of interactions...
Mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHB) can promote mycorrhizal fungal colonization and form mycorrhizal symbiosis structures. To investigate the effect of interactions between mycorrhizal beneficial microorganisms on the growth of blueberry, 45 strains of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of were screened for potential MHB strains using the dry-plate confrontation assay and the bacterial extracellular metabolite promotion method. The results showed that the growth rate of mycelium of 143, an ericoid mycorrhizal fungal strain, was increased by 33.33 and 77.77% for bacterial strains L6 and LM3, respectively, compared with the control in the dry-plate confrontation assay. In addition, the extracellular metabolites of L6 and LM3 significantly promoted the growth of 143 mycelium with an average growth rate of 40.9 and 57.1%, respectively, the cell wall-degrading enzyme activities and genes of 143 was significantly increased. Therefore, L6 and LM3 were preliminarily identified as potential MHB strains. In addition, the co-inoculated treatments significantly increased blueberry growth; increased the nitrate reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase activities in the leaves; and promoted nutrient uptake in blueberry. Based on the physiological, and 16S rDNA gene molecular analyses, we initially identified strain L6 as and LM3 as . Metabolomic analysis revealed that mycelial exudates contain large amounts of sugars, organic acids and amino acids, which can be used as substrates to stimulate the growth of MHB. In conclusion, L6 and LM3 and 143 promote each other's growth, while co-inoculation of L6 and LM3 with 143 can promote the growth of blueberry seedlings, providing a theoretical basis for further studies on the mechanism of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi-MHB-blueberry interactions. It laid the technical foundation for the exploitation of biocontrol strain resources and the development of biological fertilizer.
PubMed: 37143547
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1180319 -
Microorganisms Feb 2020The rhizosphere microbiome is key in survival, development, and stress tolerance in plants. Salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures are frequent events in the...
The rhizosphere microbiome is key in survival, development, and stress tolerance in plants. Salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures are frequent events in the Atacama Desert, considered the driest in the world. However, little information of the rhizosphere microbiome and its possible contribution to the adaptation and tolerance of plants that inhabit the desert is available. We used a high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach to explore the composition, diversity, and functions of fungal and bacterial communities of the rhizosphere of and native plants from the Atacama Desert. Our results showed that the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant taxa in the rhizosphere of both plants. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LefSe) of the rhizosphere communities associated with showed the genera and were the preferential taxa, whereas the genera and was the preferential taxa in Both plant showed similar diversity, richness, and abundance according to Shannon index, observed OTUs, and evenness. Our results indicate that there are no significant differences ( = 0.1) between the fungal and bacterial communities of both plants, however through LefSe, we find taxa associated with each plant species and the PCoA shows a separation between the samples of each species. This study provides knowledge to relate the assembly of the microbiome to the adaptability to drought stress in desert plants.
PubMed: 32033093
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020209 -
Different rhizosphere soil microbes are recruited by tomatoes with different fruit color phenotypes.BMC Microbiology Aug 2022To explore and utilize abundant soil microbes and their beneficial functions, the bacterial and fungal compositions in rhizospheres between red- and yellow-fruited...
BACKGROUND
To explore and utilize abundant soil microbes and their beneficial functions, the bacterial and fungal compositions in rhizospheres between red- and yellow-fruited tomato varieties were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technique.
RESULT
Our results indicated that different soil microbes in rhizospheres of tomatoes were exactly recruited by different color fruit tomatoes. For the reasons as not only soil bacterial community, but also soil fungal compositions were all different between red and yellow fruit tomatoes. For example, Nocardioides, norank_f_norank_o_Vicinamibacterales, norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_KD4-96, norank_f_Birii41, norank_f_norank_o_S085 and Bradyrhizobium were the specific dominant soil bacterial genera, and Lecythophora, Derxomyces and unclassified_f_Pyronemataceae were the dominant soil fungal genera in the rhizospheres of red tomato varieties. By contrast, unclassified_f__Micromonsporaceae, Acidipila, Roseisolibacter, Gaiella and norank_f_Xanthobacteraceae were the unique dominant soil bacterial genera in the rhizospheres of yellow tomato varieties. And unclassified_o__Onygenales, Trichocladium, unclassified_c__Sordariomycetes, Pseudogymnoascus, Acremonium, Oidiodendron, Phialemonium, Penicillium, Phialosimplex were the unique dominant soil fungal genera in rhizospheres of yellow tomato varieties. Moreover, a higher abundance of specific soil bacterial and fungal genera in the rhizosphere was found in rhizospheres of the yellow than those of the red tomato varieties.
CONCLUSION
Soil bacterial and fungal compositions in rhizospheres between red- and yellow-fruited tomato varieties were found significantly different which growing in the same environment under the identical managements. It suggested that different soil microbes in rhizospheres exactly were recruited by different phenotypes tomato varieties related to fruit color formation.
Topics: Bacteria; Fruit; Solanum lycopersicum; Phenotype; Rhizosphere; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 36045321
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02620-z -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016A new mycorrhizal fungal strain was isolated from hair roots of Rhododendron fortunei Lindl. grown in Huading Forest Park, Zhejiang Province, China. Morphological...
A new mycorrhizal fungal strain was isolated from hair roots of Rhododendron fortunei Lindl. grown in Huading Forest Park, Zhejiang Province, China. Morphological characterization and internal transcribed spacer rDNA analysis suggested that it belongs to Oidiodendron maius Barron, and we designated it as strain Om19. Methods for culturing Om19 were established, and the ability of Om19 to form mycorrhizae on R. fortunei was evaluated in a peat-based substrate. Microscopic observations showed hyaline hyphae on the surface of hair roots and crowded hyphal complexes (hyphal coils) inside root cortical cells of R. fortunei after inoculation, indicating that the roots were well colonized by Om19. In a second experiment, fresh and dry weight of R. fortunei 2 months after Om19 inoculation were greater than uninoculated plants, and the total nitrogen absorbed by plants inoculated with Om19 was greater than the uninoculated controls. qRT-PCR analysis of five genes related to N uptake and metabolism (two nitrate transporters, an ammonium transporter, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase) showed that these genes were highly upregulated with twofold to ninefold greater expression in plants inoculated with Om19 compared to uninoculated plants. In the third experiment, Om19 was inoculated into the peat-based substrate for growing Formosa azalea (Rhododendron indica 'Formosa'). 'Formosa' azalea plants grown in the inoculated substrate had larger canopies and root systems compared to uninoculated plants. Our results show that Om19 could be an important microbial tool for improving production of Rhododendron plants.
PubMed: 27602030
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01327 -
Mycobiology 2022To exploit insect-derived fungi, insects were collected from seven different regions in Korea, including Gyeongbuk, Goryeong, and several fungi were isolated from them....
To exploit insect-derived fungi, insects were collected from seven different regions in Korea, including Gyeongbuk, Goryeong, and several fungi were isolated from them. A fungal strain designated 21-64-D was isolated from riparian tiger beetle () and morphologically identified as a species belonging to the genus . Phylogenetic analysis using the nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the partial sequence of the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (LSU) gene revealed the distinct phylogenetic position of the isolate among recognized species including its closest neighbors , , , and . The hyphal and conidial morphology of the strain, particularly club-shaped hyphae, clearly differentiated it from its close relatives. Results indicated that 21-64-D is a novel species in the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed.
PubMed: 37969691
DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2080333 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2018Mutualistic and pathogenic plant-colonizing fungi use effector molecules to manipulate the host cell metabolism to allow plant tissue invasion. Some small secreted...
Mutualistic and pathogenic plant-colonizing fungi use effector molecules to manipulate the host cell metabolism to allow plant tissue invasion. Some small secreted proteins (SSPs) have been identified as fungal effectors in both ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but it is currently unknown whether SSPs also play a role as effectors in other mycorrhizal associations. Ericoid mycorrhiza is a specific endomycorrhizal type that involves symbiotic fungi mostly belonging to the Leotiomycetes (Ascomycetes) and plants in the family Ericaceae. Genomic and RNASeq data from the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus led to the identification of several symbiosis-upregulated genes encoding putative SSPs. OmSSP1, the most highly symbiosis up-regulated SSP, was found to share some features with fungal hydrophobins, even though it lacks the Pfam hydrophobin domain. Sequence alignment with other hydrophobins and hydrophobin-like fungal proteins placed OmSSP1 within Class I hydrophobins. However, the predicted features of OmSSP1 may suggest a distinct type of hydrophobin-like proteins. The presence of a predicted signal peptide and a yeast-based signal sequence trap assay demonstrate that OmSSP1 is secreted. OmSSP1 null-mutants showed a reduced capacity to form ericoid mycorrhiza with roots, suggesting a role as effectors in the ericoid mycorrhizal interaction.
PubMed: 29765384
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00546 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2018This study investigated ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) diversity in Vaccinium uliginosum across its main wild distribution range in China. Fungal communities in hair...
This study investigated ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) diversity in Vaccinium uliginosum across its main wild distribution range in China. Fungal communities in hair roots of V. uliginosum were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Only 22 OTUs were assigned to putative EMF genera. Rhizoscyphus and Meliniomyces dominated EMF communities, followed by Clavaria, Oidiodendron, Lachnum, Acephala, and Phialocephala. There were more dark septate endophytes (DSE) reads from the Greater Khingan Mountains than from other study areas, similar to the results of the percent colonization of DSE by the magnified intersections method. Overall, high-throughput sequencing data provided a rough community-scale sketch of root-associated fungi of V. uliginosum. Two hundred and eighty slow-growing isolates were isolated from root pieces of V. uliginosum, and the isolates matched 16 fungal genera on the basis of morphological and internal transcribed spacer sequence comparison. The isolates of Cryptosporiopsis ericae, Oidiodendron maius, Lachnum sp., Sordariomycetes sp., and Pleosporales sp., formed ericoid hyphal coils via resynthesis trails. The co-existence between EMF and DSE in hair roots was observed via trypan blue staining. A putative model for the co-existence between EMF and DSE in the hair roots of V. uliginosum was proposed. We suggest that under certain environmental stresses, such as low temperature and poor available nutrients, ericoid plants may favor co-colonization by both DSE and EMF.
Topics: Biodiversity; Blueberry Plants; DNA, Fungal; Endophytes; Fungi; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Mycorrhizae; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Plant Roots
PubMed: 30327504
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33634-1 -
Persoonia Dec 2018Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , on leaf litter, from × hybrid, on subsp. on on on sp., on...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , on leaf litter, from × hybrid, on subsp. on on on sp., on sp., on , (incl. gen. nov.) on , on sp., (incl. gen. nov., fam. nov.), (incl. gen. nov., fam. nov.) on sp., (incl. gen. nov.) on leaf litter, on , (incl. fam. nov.) and on leaves of , (incl. gen. nov., fam. nov.) on , (incl. ord. nov.) on sp., on , in capsules of a variant of , from soil, from , on dead wood, on soil, (incl. gen. nov.) from submerged decaying twig and leaves of unidentified plant, from leaves of , from soil, on decaying wood from tidal detritus, as endophyte from leaves of , (incl. gen. nov.) as epiphytic yeast on leaves of , (incl. gen. nov.) on decaying bark, on rotten wood. , on and , (incl. gen. nov.) on , from soil, from soil. , on sp., on , (incl. gen. nov.) on × , (incl. fam. nov., ord. nov.) on , (incl. subg. ) on burned soil. , from the surface of the wooden barrel, from scales of . , and on soil. , from submerged decorticated branch. , (incl. gen. nov.) from a large log. , on , on sp. , from soil. on on (incl. gen. nov.) on , on soil. , on soil under , on soil in deciduous forests with , on , from fruit of from a blackened wall, from the nest of an unidentified bird, from soil, on soil. , on soil. , (incl. gen. nov.) from soil, from submerged detritus from a fresh water fen, from soil, on leaves of , on soil in an evergreen tropical forest, from Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.
PubMed: 30505003
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.10 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jan 2019Ericoid mycorrhiza can improve the competitiveness of their host plants at the ecosystem level. The ability of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi to thrive under harsh...
Ericoid mycorrhiza can improve the competitiveness of their host plants at the ecosystem level. The ability of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi to thrive under harsh environmental conditions suggests that they are capable of decomposing plant organic matter. This study aims to characterize 2 strains of root-cultivable endophytic fungi, RooDK1 and RooDK6, from Rhododendron ovatum Planch using colony and hyphal morphology, molecular analysis, observations of mycorrhiza, and investigations of adaptation to different sources of organic matter. Nitrogen utilization was also investigated by assessing protease production and growth on different nitrogen sources. Morphological studies indicated that both species are ericoid mycorrhizal fungi; our molecular studies confirmed RooDK1 as Oidiodendron maius and classified RooDK6 as Pezicula ericae. We observed that only RooDK1 can assist in host plant survival by degrading organic matter. This species also secretes protease and has the highest nitrate reductase activity of these 2 endophytes. Thus, RooDK1 has a greater ability to help the host plants thrive in a harsh habitat.
Topics: Endophytes; Fungi; Mycorrhizae; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; Rhododendron
PubMed: 30637639
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0011-8 -
Fungal Genetics and Biology : FG & B Oct 2014Mycorrhizal fungi are key mediators of soil-to-plant movement of mineral nutrients, including essential and non-essential metals. In soil conditions that facilitate...
Mycorrhizal fungi are key mediators of soil-to-plant movement of mineral nutrients, including essential and non-essential metals. In soil conditions that facilitate mobilization of metal ions, potentially toxic metals can interfere with nitrogen metabolism in both plants and microorganisms. Less is known about possible relationships between nitrogen metabolism and responses to heavy metals. Aim of this study was to investigate this aspect in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius strain Zn, a metal tolerant ascomycete. Growth of O. maius Zn on zinc and cadmium containing media was significantly affected by the nitrogen source. Screening of a library of O. maius Zn random genetic transformants for sensitivity to heavy metals (zinc and cadmium) and oxidative stress (menadione) yielded a mutant strain that carried a partial deletion of the glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT EC 1.4.1.14) gene and its adjacent gene, the APC15 subunit of the anaphase promoting complex. Comparison of WT and OmGOGAT-OmAPC15 mutant strains indicated an impaired N-metabolism and altered stress tolerance, and assays on the OmAPC15-recomplemented strains ascribed the observed phenotypes to the deletion in the OmGOGAT gene. OmGOGAT disruption modified the nitrogen pathway, with a strong reduction of the associated glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) activity and an up-regulation of the alternative NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH, EC 1.4.1.4) pathway for glutamate biosynthesis. Unless they were supplemented with glutamine, O. maius Zn transformants lacking OmGOGAT were very sensitive to zinc. These results highlight the importance of nitrogen metabolism not only for nitrogen assimilation and transformation, but also for stress tolerance. For mycorrhizal fungi, such as O. maius, this may bear consequences not only to the fungus, but also to the host plant.
Topics: Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; Ascomycota; Cadmium; Gene Deletion; Glutamate Dehydrogenase (NADP+); Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mycorrhizae; Nitrogen; Oxidative Stress; Protein Subunits; Transformation, Genetic; Vaccinium myrtillus; Zinc
PubMed: 25128845
DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.08.003