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Different rhizosphere soil microbes are recruited by tomatoes with different fruit color phenotypes.BMC Microbiology Aug 2022To explore and utilize abundant soil microbes and their beneficial functions, the bacterial and fungal compositions in rhizospheres between red- and yellow-fruited...
BACKGROUND
To explore and utilize abundant soil microbes and their beneficial functions, the bacterial and fungal compositions in rhizospheres between red- and yellow-fruited tomato varieties were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technique.
RESULT
Our results indicated that different soil microbes in rhizospheres of tomatoes were exactly recruited by different color fruit tomatoes. For the reasons as not only soil bacterial community, but also soil fungal compositions were all different between red and yellow fruit tomatoes. For example, Nocardioides, norank_f_norank_o_Vicinamibacterales, norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_KD4-96, norank_f_Birii41, norank_f_norank_o_S085 and Bradyrhizobium were the specific dominant soil bacterial genera, and Lecythophora, Derxomyces and unclassified_f_Pyronemataceae were the dominant soil fungal genera in the rhizospheres of red tomato varieties. By contrast, unclassified_f__Micromonsporaceae, Acidipila, Roseisolibacter, Gaiella and norank_f_Xanthobacteraceae were the unique dominant soil bacterial genera in the rhizospheres of yellow tomato varieties. And unclassified_o__Onygenales, Trichocladium, unclassified_c__Sordariomycetes, Pseudogymnoascus, Acremonium, Oidiodendron, Phialemonium, Penicillium, Phialosimplex were the unique dominant soil fungal genera in rhizospheres of yellow tomato varieties. Moreover, a higher abundance of specific soil bacterial and fungal genera in the rhizosphere was found in rhizospheres of the yellow than those of the red tomato varieties.
CONCLUSION
Soil bacterial and fungal compositions in rhizospheres between red- and yellow-fruited tomato varieties were found significantly different which growing in the same environment under the identical managements. It suggested that different soil microbes in rhizospheres exactly were recruited by different phenotypes tomato varieties related to fruit color formation.
Topics: Bacteria; Fruit; Solanum lycopersicum; Phenotype; Rhizosphere; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 36045321
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02620-z -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022The mutualistic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots is a widespread terrestrial symbiosis. The symbiosis enables plants to better adapt to adverse... (Review)
Review
The mutualistic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots is a widespread terrestrial symbiosis. The symbiosis enables plants to better adapt to adverse soil conditions, enhances plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and improves plant establishment and growth. Thus, mycorrhizal fungi are considered biostimulants. Among the four most common types of mycorrhizae, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and ectomycorrhiza (EcM) have been more intensively studied than ericoid mycorrhiza (ErM) and orchidaceous mycorrhiza (OrM). ErM fungi can form symbiotic relationships with plants in the family Ericaceae. Economically important plants in this family include blueberry, bilberry, cranberry, and rhododendron. ErM fungi are versatile as they are both saprotrophic and biotrophic. Increasing reports have shown that they can degrade soil organic matter, resulting in the bioavailability of nutrients for plants and microbes. ErM fungi can synthesize hormones to improve fungal establishment and plant root initiation and growth. ErM colonization enables plants to effective acquisition of mineral nutrients. Colonized plants are able to tolerate different abiotic stresses, including drought, heavy metals, and soil salinity as well as biotic stresses, such as pathogen infections. This article is intended to briefly introduce ErM fungi and document their beneficial effects on ericaceous plants. It is anticipated that the exploration of this special group of fungi will further improve our understanding of their value of symbiosis to ericaceous plants and ultimately result in the application of valuable species or strains for improving the establishment and growth of ericaceous plants.
PubMed: 36466284
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027390 -
PloS One 2020Mines and caves are unusual ecosystems containing unique fungi and are greatly understudied compared to other environments. The Soudan Mine in Tower, MN, an iron ore...
Mines and caves are unusual ecosystems containing unique fungi and are greatly understudied compared to other environments. The Soudan Mine in Tower, MN, an iron ore mine that closed in 1963 after operating for 80 years, was sampled to explore fungal diversity and to investigate taxa that tolerate heavy metals for potential bioprocessing technologies or as sources of bioactive molecules for drug discovery and possible biocontrol for white-nose syndrome (WNS) of bats. The mine is 714 m deep, has 18 levels and contains large quantities of wooden timbers, in contrast to many other oligotrophic subterranean environments. Fungi were cultured from samples and the ITS region was sequenced for identification and phylogenetic analysis. Results show Ascomycota are the dominant fungi followed by Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota. Out of 164 identified taxa, 108 belong to the Ascomycota and 26 and 31 to Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota, respectively. There are also 46 taxa that do not match (<97% BLAST GenBank identity) sequenced fungal species. Examples of the most commonly isolated Ascomycota include Scytalidium sp., Mariannaea comptospora, Hypocrea pachybasidioides, Oidiodendron griseum and Pochonia bulbillosa; Basidiomycota include Postia sp., Sistotrema brinkmannii, Calocera sp., Amylocorticiellum sp.; Mucoromycota include Mortierella parvispora, M. gamsii, M. hyaline, M. basiparvispora and Mortierella sp. Unusual growth forms were also found including large quantities of black rhizomorphs of Armillaria sinapina and white mycelial cords of Postia sp. mycelium, as well as Pseudogymnoascus species growing over large areas of mine walls and ceiling. The mine environment is a relatively extreme environment for fungi, with the presence of high levels of heavy metals, complete darkness and poor nutrient availability. Several genera are similar to those isolated in other extreme environments but phylogenetic analyses show differences in species between these environments. Results indicate this subterranean environment hosts a wide diversity of fungi, many of them not found in above ground environments.
Topics: Fungi; Iron; Mining; Wastewater
PubMed: 32497073
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234208 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022Several microorganisms in the plant root system, especially in the rhizosphere, have their own compositions and functions. Corm rot is the most severe disease of ,...
INTRODUCTION
Several microorganisms in the plant root system, especially in the rhizosphere, have their own compositions and functions. Corm rot is the most severe disease of , leading to more than 50% mortality in field production.
METHODS
In this study, metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze microbial composition and function in the rhizosphere of for possible microbial antagonists against pathogenic .
RESULTS
The microbial diversity and composition were different in the rhizosphere from different habitats. The diversity index (Simpson index) was significantly lower in the rhizospheric soil from Chongming (Rs_CM) and degenerative rhizospheric soil from Chongming (RsD_CM) than in others. Linear discriminant analysis effect size results showed that differences among habitats were mainly at the order (Burkholderiales, Micrococcales, and Hypocreales) and genus ( and ) levels. Correlation analysis of the relative lesion area of corm rot showed that was the most negatively correlated bacterial genus (ρ = -0.7934, < 0.001), whereas was the most negatively correlated fungal genus (ρ = -0.7047, < 0.001). The relative lesion area result showed that from Qiaocheng had the highest resistance, followed by Xiuzhou and Jiande. groups with high disease resistance had abundant pathogen resistance genes, such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase genes, from rhizosphere microorganisms. Further, 13 bacteria and 19 fungi were isolated from rhizosphere soils, and antagonistic activity against pathogenic . was observed on potato dextrose agar medium. corm experiments confirmed that SR38, sp. SR55, SR379, and sp. SR343 displayed biocontrol activity against corm rot disease, with biocontrol efficiency of 20.26%, 31.37%, 39.22%, and 14.38%, respectively.
DISCUSSION
This study uncovers the differences in the microbial community of rhizosphere soil of with different corm rot disease resistance and reveals the role of four rhizospheric microorganisms in providing the host with resistance against corm rot. The obtained biocontrol microorganisms can also be used for application research and field management.
PubMed: 36483959
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1045147 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Oil tea ( spp.) is endemic to the hilly regions in the subtropics. is resistant to diseases such as anthracnose and root rot, while is a high-yield species but...
Oil tea ( spp.) is endemic to the hilly regions in the subtropics. is resistant to diseases such as anthracnose and root rot, while is a high-yield species but susceptible to these diseases. We hypothesize that differences in the rhizosphere microbial communities and functions will elucidate the resistance mechanisms of these species. We used high-throughput sequencing over four seasons to characterize the rhizosphere microbiome of (Rhizo-Sus) and (Rhizo-Res) and of the bulk soil control (BulkS). In Rhizo-Res, bacterial richness and diversity (Shannon index) in autumn and winter were both higher than that in Rhizo-Sus. In Rhizo-Res, fungal richness in autumn and winter and diversity in summer, autumn, and winter were higher than that in Rhizo-Sus. The seasonal variations in bacterial community structure were different, while that of fungal community structure were similar between Rhizo-Res and Rhizo-Sus. Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and stress-tolerant bacteria were the dominant groups in Rhizo-Sus, while Gram-negative bacteria were the dominant group in Rhizo-Res. The significant differences in bacterial and fungal functions between Rhizo-Sus and Rhizo-Res were as follows: (1) in Rhizo-Sus, there were three bacterial and four fungal groups with plant growth promoting potentials, such as and , and one bacterium and three fungi with pathogenic potentials, such as sp. and ; (2) in Rhizo-Res, there were also three bacteria and four fungal groups with plant-growth-promoting potentials (e.g., and ) but only one phytopathogen (). In summary, the rhizosphere microbiome of disease-resistant is characterized by a higher richness and diversity of microbial communities, more symbiotic fungal communities, and fewer pathogens compared to the rhizosphere of high-yield but disease-susceptible
PubMed: 34733251
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.732905 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016A new mycorrhizal fungal strain was isolated from hair roots of Rhododendron fortunei Lindl. grown in Huading Forest Park, Zhejiang Province, China. Morphological...
A new mycorrhizal fungal strain was isolated from hair roots of Rhododendron fortunei Lindl. grown in Huading Forest Park, Zhejiang Province, China. Morphological characterization and internal transcribed spacer rDNA analysis suggested that it belongs to Oidiodendron maius Barron, and we designated it as strain Om19. Methods for culturing Om19 were established, and the ability of Om19 to form mycorrhizae on R. fortunei was evaluated in a peat-based substrate. Microscopic observations showed hyaline hyphae on the surface of hair roots and crowded hyphal complexes (hyphal coils) inside root cortical cells of R. fortunei after inoculation, indicating that the roots were well colonized by Om19. In a second experiment, fresh and dry weight of R. fortunei 2 months after Om19 inoculation were greater than uninoculated plants, and the total nitrogen absorbed by plants inoculated with Om19 was greater than the uninoculated controls. qRT-PCR analysis of five genes related to N uptake and metabolism (two nitrate transporters, an ammonium transporter, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase) showed that these genes were highly upregulated with twofold to ninefold greater expression in plants inoculated with Om19 compared to uninoculated plants. In the third experiment, Om19 was inoculated into the peat-based substrate for growing Formosa azalea (Rhododendron indica 'Formosa'). 'Formosa' azalea plants grown in the inoculated substrate had larger canopies and root systems compared to uninoculated plants. Our results show that Om19 could be an important microbial tool for improving production of Rhododendron plants.
PubMed: 27602030
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01327 -
IMA Fungus 2019Fungi can colonize most of the substrata on Earth. Honey, a sugary food produced by bees (and other insects) has been studied little in terms of its fungal diversity. We...
Fungi can colonize most of the substrata on Earth. Honey, a sugary food produced by bees (and other insects) has been studied little in terms of its fungal diversity. We have surveyed and evaluated the presence of xerotolerant and xerophilic fungi in a set of honey bee samples collected from across Spain. From 84 samples, a total of 104 fungal strains were isolated, and morphologically and phylogenetically characterized. We identified 32 species distributed across 16 genera, most of them belonging to the ascomycetous genera , , , , , , , , and . As a result of this survey, eight new taxa are proposed: i.e. the new family two new genera, and in ; three new species of , , , and ; and two new species of and .
PubMed: 32647624
DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0021-7 -
Marine Drugs Apr 2017Four bioactive compounds have been isolated from the fungus UBOCC-A-114129 cultivated from deep subsurface sediment. They were structurally characterized using a...
Four bioactive compounds have been isolated from the fungus UBOCC-A-114129 cultivated from deep subsurface sediment. They were structurally characterized using a combination of LC-MS/MS and NMR analyses as fuscin and its derivatives (dihydrofuscin, dihydrosecofuscin, and secofuscin) and identified as polyketides. Albeit those compounds were already obtained from terrestrial fungi, this is the first report of their production by an species and by the deepest subseafloor isolate ever studied for biological activities. We report a weak antibacterial activity of dihydrosecofuscin and secofuscin mainly directed against Gram-positive bacteria (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) equal to Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), in the range of 100 μg/mL). The activity on various protein kinases was also analyzed and revealed a significant inhibition of CDC2-like kinase-1 (CLK1) by dihysecofuscin.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascomycota; Benzopyrans; Biological Factors; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polyketides; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 28387732
DOI: 10.3390/md15040111 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023G.L. Barron is a recognized fungal species capable of forming ericoid mycorrhiza with various positive effects on host plants; therefore, newly found and previously...
G.L. Barron is a recognized fungal species capable of forming ericoid mycorrhiza with various positive effects on host plants; therefore, newly found and previously uncharacterized strains may be valuable for heather plants' controlled mycorrhization. Characteristics of the F3860 strain were studied, i.e., mycelium growth on various nutrient media and the ability to secrete auxins and enzymes. F3860 grew rapidly on malt extract agar and potato dextrose agar. It was also able to grow on nutrient media suitable for heather plant cultivation. The presence of the flavonoids rutin and quercetin increased the mycelium growth rate compared to the control, starting from the 8th to the 13th days of cultivation. The ability to secrete auxins was confirmed with bioassay and thin-layer chromatography, and their content, as well as phytase activity, was estimated spectrophotometrically. Both in nutrient media with tryptophan and without it, F3860 secreted about 6 μg IAA/mL growth medium. F3860 possessed extracellular phytase, protease, and phenol oxidase activities. The investigation indicates F3860's promise for heather seedling inoculation as an approach to increase their fitness.
PubMed: 37504716
DOI: 10.3390/jof9070728 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Corm rot is the most important disease of saffron, for which fungi from several genus such as spp. spp. and spp., have been previously reported to be the pathogens....
Corm rot is the most important disease of saffron, for which fungi from several genus such as spp. spp. and spp., have been previously reported to be the pathogens. In this research, we used a combination of amplicon sequencing and traditional isolation methods to identify the causal agents, main infection source. The diversity of microbial communities in diseased saffron corms and soil decreased significantly compared with healthy corms and soil. The contents of and in healthy and diseased corms were similarly high, indicating that them were not directly related to the occurrence of corm rot. But the relative abundance of , and were significantly higher in the diseased corms than healthy ones. The abundance of increased, while the abundance of , and the endophytic beneficial bacteria decreased, which may relate to the occurrence of the disease. The co-occurrence network diagram showed that the correlation between fungal and bacterial communities was mainly positive. Plant pathogens were relatively abundant in the diseased soil, according to functional gene prediction. At the same time, we also collected 100 diseased corms from the fields in Jiande, where is known as the "hometown of saffron." All isolated pathogenic strains were identified as through morphological observation and phylogenetic tree analysis of ITS, and . To better clarify the biological characteristics of . , we cultured the isolates at different temperatures and pH values. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sporulation was 25°C, pH 6,carbon sources sorbitol and nitrogen sources, peptone. In short, our results suggests that was the pathogen causing corm rot in Jiande and corms other than soils are the main primary infection source. These new understanding of saffron corm rot will provide the theoretical basis for its better and efficiently management.
PubMed: 37362925
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188376