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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020The contribution of epigenetic mechanisms as a potential treatment model has been observed in cancer and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. This review aims to put... (Review)
Review
The contribution of epigenetic mechanisms as a potential treatment model has been observed in cancer and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. This review aims to put forward the epigenetic mechanisms as a promising strategy in implant surface functionalization and modification of biomaterials, to promote better osseointegration and bone regeneration, and could be applicable for alveolar bone regeneration and osseointegration in the future. Materials and Methods: Electronic and manual searches of the literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were conducted, using a specific search strategy limited to publications in the last 5 years to identify preclinical studies in order to address the following focused questions: (i) Which, if any, are the epigenetic mechanisms used to functionalize implant surfaces to achieve better osseointegration? (ii) Which, if any, are the epigenetic mechanisms used to functionalize biomaterials to achieve better tissue regeneration? Findings from several studies have emphasized the role of miRNAs in functionalizing implants surfaces and biomaterials to promote osseointegration and bone regeneration, respectively. However, there are scarce data on the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications for these specific applications, despite being commonly applied in cancer research. Studies over the past few years have demonstrated that biomaterials are immunomodulatory rather than inert materials. In this context, epigenetics can act as next generation of advanced treatment tools for future regenerative techniques. Yet, there is a need to evaluate the efficacy/cost effectiveness of these techniques in comparison to current standards of care.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Osseointegration
PubMed: 33322654
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245879 -
European Review For Medical and... Jun 2023Recently, nutraceuticals have been widely explored in many medical fields and their use is also increasing in oral and dental problems. Since the nutraceutical evidence... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Recently, nutraceuticals have been widely explored in many medical fields and their use is also increasing in oral and dental problems. Since the nutraceutical evidence landscape in the literature has not been fully elucidated yet, this review aims to examine the effects of commercially available nutraceuticals and their potential evidence and applications in dentistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A scoping review was conducted following the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR)" checklist. The electronic search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science on March 2022. The inclusion criteria include humans, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCT), reviews, and systematic reviews published over the last ten years.
RESULTS
18 studies met the eligibility criteria. There were 2 RCTs, 11 systematic reviews, and four narrative reviews. In most studies, the clinical indications were oral leucoplakia, periodontitis, osseointegration of implants, oral mucositis, oral clefts, and oral health. Probiotics, prebiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins A, B, C, D, and E were the most common nutraceuticals used in dentistry.
CONCLUSIONS
Nutraceuticals are foods that, according to the literature, may be useful for preventing and treating dental diseases.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Osseointegration; Vitamin A; Dentistry
PubMed: 37318464
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202306_32607 -
Journal of Dental Research Aug 2018In lamellar bone, a network of highly oriented interconnected osteocytes is organized in concentric layers. Through their cellular processes contained within canaliculi,... (Review)
Review
In lamellar bone, a network of highly oriented interconnected osteocytes is organized in concentric layers. Through their cellular processes contained within canaliculi, osteocytes are highly mechanosensitive and locally modulate bone remodeling. We review the recent developments demonstrating the significance of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network in bone maintenance around implant biomaterials. Drilling during implant site preparation triggers osteocyte apoptosis, the magnitude of which correlates with drilling speed and heat generation, resulting in extensive remodeling and delayed healing. In peri-implant bone, osteocytes physically communicate with implant surfaces via canaliculi and are responsive to mechanical loading, leading to changes in osteocyte numbers and morphology. Certain implant design features allow peri-implant osteocytes to retain a less aged phenotype, despite highly advanced extracellular matrix maturation. Physicochemical properties of anodically oxidized surfaces stimulate bone formation and remodeling by regulating the expression of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand), RANK, and OPG (osteoprotegerin) from implant-adherent cells. Modulation of certain osteocyte-related molecular signaling mechanisms (e.g., sclerostin blockade) may enhance the biomechanical anchorage of implants. Evaluation of the peri-implant osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network should therefore be a necessary component in future investigations of osseointegration to more completely characterize the biological response to materials for load-bearing applications in dentistry and orthopedics.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Remodeling; Bone-Implant Interface; Dental Implants; Humans; Osseointegration; Osteocytes; Osteogenesis; Surface Properties
PubMed: 29863948
DOI: 10.1177/0022034518778033 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Mar 2022Endosseous implant surface topography directly affects adherent cell responses following implantation. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nanoscale...
Endosseous implant surface topography directly affects adherent cell responses following implantation. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nanoscale topographic modification of titanium implants on Osterix gene expression since this gene has been reported as key factor for bone formation. Titanium implants with smooth and nanoscale topographies were implanted in the femurs of Osterix-Cherry mice for 1-21 days. Implant integration was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate cell adhesion on implant surfaces, histology, and nanotomography (NanoCT) to observe and quantify the formed bone-to-implant interface, flow cytometry to quantify of Osterix expressing cells in adjacent tissues, and real-time PCR (qPCR) to quantify the osteoinductive and osteogenic gene expression of the implant-adherent cells. SEM revealed topography-dependent adhesion of cells at early timepoints. NanoCT demonstrated greater bone formation at nanoscale implants and interfacial osteogenesis was confirmed histologically at 7 and 14 days for both smooth and nanosurface implants. Flow cytometry revealed greater numbers of Osterix positive cells in femurs implanted with nanoscale versus smooth implants. Compared to smooth surface implants, nanoscale surface adherent cells expressed higher levels of Osterix (Osx), Alkaline phosphatase (Alp), Paired related homeobox (Prx1), Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), Bone sialoprotein (Bsp), and Osteocalcin (Ocn). In conclusion, nanoscale surface implants demonstrated greater bone formation associated with higher levels of Osterix expression over the 21-day healing period with direct evidence of surface-associated gene regulation involving a nanoscale-mediated osteoinductive pathway that utilizes Osterix to direct adherent cell osteoinduction.
Topics: Animals; Dental Implants; Mice; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Prostheses and Implants; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 34672417
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37323 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... May 2015The present work is a revision of the processes occurring in osseointegration of titanium dental implants according to different types of surfaces -namely, polished... (Review)
Review
The present work is a revision of the processes occurring in osseointegration of titanium dental implants according to different types of surfaces -namely, polished surfaces, rough surfaces obtained from subtraction methods, as well as the new hydroxyapatite biomimetic surfaces obtained from thermochemical processes. Hydroxyapatite's high plasma-projection temperatures have proven to prevent the formation of crystalline apatite on the titanium dental implant, but lead to the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate (i.e., with no crystal structure) instead. This layer produce some osseointegration yet the calcium phosphate layer will eventually dissolve and leave a gap between the bone and the dental implant, thus leading to osseointegration failure due to bacterial colonization. A new surface -recently obtained by thermochemical processes- produces, by crystallization, a layer of apatite with the same mineral content as human bone that is chemically bonded to the titanium surface. Osseointegration speed was tested by means of minipigs, showing bone formation after 3 to 4 weeks, with the security that a dental implant can be loaded. This surface can be an excellent candidate for immediate or early loading procedures.
Topics: Animals; Biomimetic Materials; Blood Coagulation; Dental Implants; Humans; Osseointegration; Surface Properties
PubMed: 25662555
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20353 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Oct 2023Owing to their mechanical resilience and non-toxicity, titanium implants are widely applied as the major treatment modality for the clinical intervention against bone... (Review)
Review
Owing to their mechanical resilience and non-toxicity, titanium implants are widely applied as the major treatment modality for the clinical intervention against bone fractures. However, the intrinsic bioinertness of Ti and its alloys often impedes the effective osseointegration of the implants, leading to severe adverse complications including implant loosening, detachment, and secondary bone damage. Consequently, new Ti implant engineering strategies are urgently needed to improve their osseointegration after implantation. Remarkably, metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of novel synthetic material consisting of coordinated metal species and organic ligands, which have demonstrated a plethora of favorable properties for modulating the interfacial properties of Ti implants. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in the development of MOF-coated Ti implants and highlights their potential utility for modulating the bio-implant interface to improve implant osseointegration, of which the discussions are outlined according to their physical traits, chemical composition, and drug delivery capacity. A perspective is also provided in this review regarding the current limitations and future opportunities of MOF-coated Ti implants for orthopedic applications. The insights in this review may facilitate the rational design of more advanced Ti implants with enhanced therapeutic performance and safety.
Topics: Osseointegration; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Titanium; Prostheses and Implants; Bone and Bones
PubMed: 37705110
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303958 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2019
Topics: Bone and Bones; Dental Implants; Osseointegration; Prostheses and Implants; Smoking
PubMed: 30900647
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_140_19 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2022Titanium implants have been widely applied in dentistry and orthopedics due to their biocompatibility and resistance to mechanical fatigue. TiO nanotube arrays (TiO... (Review)
Review
Titanium implants have been widely applied in dentistry and orthopedics due to their biocompatibility and resistance to mechanical fatigue. TiO nanotube arrays (TiO NTAs) on titanium implant surfaces have exhibited excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and adjustability, which can significantly promote osseointegration and participate in its entire path. In this review, to give a comprehensive understanding of the osseointegration process, four stages have been divided according to pivotal biological processes, including protein adsorption, inflammatory cell adhesion/inflammatory response, additional relevant cell adhesion and angiogenesis/osteogenesis. The impact of TiO NTAs on osseointegration is clarified in detail from the four stages. The nanotubular layer can manipulate the quantity, the species and the conformation of adsorbed protein. For inflammatory cells adhesion and inflammatory response, TiO NTAs improve macrophage adhesion on the surface and induce M2-polarization. TiO NTAs also facilitate the repairment-related cells adhesion and filopodia formation for additional relevant cells adhesion. In the angiogenesis and osteogenesis stage, TiO NTAs show the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation and the potential for blood vessel formation. In the end, we propose the multi-dimensional regulation of TiO NTAs on titanium implants to achieve highly efficient manipulation of osseointegration, which may provide views on the rational design and development of titanium implants.
Topics: Adsorption; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 35518451
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S362720 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2016
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Dental Implants; Dental Polishing; Dental Prosthesis Design; Humans; Osseointegration; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 27723625
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.191863 -
Sovremennye Tekhnologii V Meditsine 2021was to study the influence of pore size and the presence of a biologically active calcium phosphate coating in porous 3D printed titanium implants on the process of...
UNLABELLED
was to study the influence of pore size and the presence of a biologically active calcium phosphate coating in porous 3D printed titanium implants on the process of integration with the bone tissue.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples of cylindrical implants with three different pore diameters (100, 200, and 400 μm) were fabricated from titanium powder on the Arcam 3D printer (Sweden) using electron beam melting technology. A calcium phosphate coating with a thickness of 20±4 μm was applied to some of the products by microarc oxidation. Cytotoxicity of the implants was determined on human dermal fibroblast cultures. The samples were implanted in the femoral bones of 36 rabbits . The animals were divided into 6 groups according to the bone implant samples. The prepared samples and peri-implant tissues were studied on days 90 and 180 after implantation using scanning electron microscopy and histological methods.
RESULTS
All samples under study were found to be non-toxic and well biocompatible with the bone tissue. There were revealed no differences between coated and non-coated implants of 100 and 200 μm pore diameters in terms of their histological structure, intensity of vascularization in the early stages, and bone formation in the later stages. Samples with pore diameters of 100 and 200 μm were easily removed from the bone tissue, the depth of bone growth into the pores of the implant was lower than in the samples with pore diameter of 400 μm (p<0.001). There were differences between coated and non-coated samples of 400 μm pore diameter, which was expressed in a more intensive osseointegration of samples with calcium phosphate coating (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The optimal surface characteristics of the material for repairing bone defects are a pore diameter of 400 μm and the presence of a calcium phosphate coating.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Phosphates; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Osseointegration; Porosity; Rabbits; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 34513077
DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.2.06