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RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Aug 2020Otosclerosis is an important cause of hearing loss and a widespread pathology in ENT medicine. Although a high diagnostic value of CT with impact on therapy is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Otosclerosis is an important cause of hearing loss and a widespread pathology in ENT medicine. Although a high diagnostic value of CT with impact on therapy is emphasized in the literature, the disease is seldom seen in the radiological routine diagnostics due to ENT findings often being diagnostic. Radiologists detect it rather more often in cases of unclear hearing loss or cochlear implant candidates. The findings may be very subtle. They require a target search and an optimal imaging technique.
METHODS
This review article is based on a selective search of the literature in PubMed without any time frame restrictions as well as on the long clinical experience of the authors.
RESULTS
The paper focuses on imaging aspects of otosclerosis: current role, advice for imaging technique, characteristic imaging signs, radiological differential diagnoses and findings after stapedoplasty. Pathology, clinical signs and therapeutic options are summarized briefly.
CONCLUSIONS
With an optimal technique and sufficient radiological experience otosclerosis can be correctly diagnosed by imaging in a high percentage of cases. Radiology plays the key role in the diagnosis of retrofenestral otosclerosis. It can provide valuable information for the management of complications after stapedotomy.
KEY POINTS
· X-ray cross-sectional imaging continues to be the method of first choice in the radiological diagnostics of otosclerosis. · With an optimal imaging technique and sufficient experience otosclerosis can be radiologically detected. · In complications after stapedoplasty, causes can be identified supporting the indication for a reoperation.
CITATION FORMAT
· Kösling K, Plontke SK, Bartel S. Imaging of otosclerosis. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 745 - 753.
Topics: Cochlear Implants; Diagnosis, Differential; Hearing Loss; Humans; Otosclerosis; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation; Stapes Mobilization
PubMed: 32215901
DOI: 10.1055/a-1131-7980 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Jun 2017A review of the most recent literature will provide clinicians with an update of secondary endolymphatic hydrops, aiding in diagnosis and treatment of affected patients. (Review)
Review
HYPOTHESIS
A review of the most recent literature will provide clinicians with an update of secondary endolymphatic hydrops, aiding in diagnosis and treatment of affected patients.
BACKGROUND
Secondary endolymphatic hydrops is a pathologic finding of the inner ear resulting in episodic vertigo and intermittent hearing loss. It is a finding for which extensive research is being performed.
METHODS
A review of the most recent literature on secondary endolymphatic hydrops was performed using PubMed literature search.
RESULTS
Recent investigation of secondary endolymphatic hydrops has brought attention to traumatic and inflammatory insults as causes for secondary endolymphatic hydrops. Such etiologies, including postsurgical effects of cochlear implantation and endolymphatic sac ablation; otosclerosis and its operative intervention(s); acoustic and mechanical trauma; medications; and systemic inflammatory processes, have been determined as causes of secondary lymphatic hydrops. Histopathological slides for many of the etiologies of secondary endolymphatic hydrops are presented.
CONCLUSION
Through an understanding of the pathophysiology and etiologies of secondary endolymphatic hydrops, clinicians will gain a better understanding of this complex disease process, which will aid in treatment of patients with this disease process.
Topics: Endolymphatic Hydrops; Endolymphatic Sac; Female; Humans; Middle Aged
PubMed: 28306649
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000001377 -
Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports Mar 2022This review briefly covers the history of stapedectomy, discusses the indications and problems encountered with revision surgery, and provides case examples with...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review briefly covers the history of stapedectomy, discusses the indications and problems encountered with revision surgery, and provides case examples with solutions.
RECENT FINDINGS
Revision surgery is challenging and successful outcome even in the most experienced specialists is 45-71%, which is far less than that of primary surgery.
SUMMARY
Careful evaluation of the reasons for reoperation, anticipation of the common problems, and patient education on reasonable expectations are all very important for success.
PubMed: 36204712
DOI: 10.1007/s40136-021-00379-x -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2023Otosclerosis is a bone condition affecting the stapes bone within the otic capsule, and its exact cause is still unknown. It is characterized by a lack of proper...
Otosclerosis is a bone condition affecting the stapes bone within the otic capsule, and its exact cause is still unknown. It is characterized by a lack of proper remodeling of newly formed vascular and woven bone, leading to the development of abnormal osteons and the formation of sclerotic bone. Bilateral otosclerosis is seen in 80% of patients and 60% of otosclerosis patients have a family history of the condition. The etiology of this disease is still unknown, there are lots of theories to explain it. The histopathological (HP) studies of otosclerosis showed that osteoblasts, osteoclasts, vascular proliferation, fibroblasts, and histiocytes were observed in the stapes footplate. The onset of the symptoms occurs by the early third decade of life, usually it doesn't start later. In otosclerosis, the energy exerted by sound at the level of the tympanic membrane is reduced in the inner ear due to the fixation and rigidity of the ossicular chain, leading to hearing loss, especially for low frequencies. The primary clinical symptom of otosclerosis is conductive hearing loss but it is important to note that sensorineural hearing loss and mixed hearing loss can also occur as secondary symptoms of the condition. Another symptom present in patients with otosclerosis is tinnitus. The paper carried out a retrospective study of 70 patients diagnosed with otosclerosis in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Emergency City Hospital, Timişoara, Romania, between January 2021 to December 2022. Tissue fragments were processed at Service of Pathology by standard Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The HP diagnosis was completed using Masson's trichrome staining, Giemsa histochemical staining, and immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions with anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)20, anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD34, and anti-CD31 antibodies. The microscopic examination showed a chronic diffuse inflammatory infiltrate that consisted predominantly of mature T-lymphocytes, immunohistochemically positive for CD3, CD4 and CD8. There were also present rare CD20-positive B-lymphocytes. Among the lymphocytes, relatively numerous mast cells were identified, highlighted histochemically by the Giemsa staining. They had numerous purple-violet intracytoplasmic granules. In the connective tissue support, a relatively rich vascular network was identified, consisting of hyperemic capillaries, highlighted immunohistochemically with anti-CD31 and anti-CD34 antibodies. Bone tissues trabeculae showed extensive areas of fibrosis. The collagen fibers were highlighted by Masson's trichrome staining, being stained in green, blue, or bluish green.
Topics: Humans; Otosclerosis; Retrospective Studies; Stapes; Hearing Loss, Conductive; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Deafness
PubMed: 37518876
DOI: 10.47162/RJME.64.2.09 -
Redox Report : Communications in Free... Sep 2017Otosclerosis is a disease involving abnormal bone turnover in the human otic capsule that results in hearing loss. Several hypotheses have been suggested for the...
OBJECTIVES
Otosclerosis is a disease involving abnormal bone turnover in the human otic capsule that results in hearing loss. Several hypotheses have been suggested for the etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis; however, its etiology remains unclear.
METHODS
This study evaluated the correlation between otosclerosis and levels of paraoxonase-1 (PON1), arylesterase, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, lipid hydroperoxide, and ceruloplasmin in the serum of otosclerosis patients and healthy subjects with respect to oxidative stress.
RESULTS
In our study, TOS and OSI levels were higher in the otosclerosis patients than in the controls. The PON1 levels showed that oxidative stress was severe, and as a result, antioxidants were consumed and depleted.
DISCUSSION
When an imbalance between oxygen free radical production and antioxidative defense mechanisms occurs, reactive oxygen species levels may increase, which in turn may damage cells and tissues through the peroxidation of phospholipid membrane structures. The body initially responds with increased antioxidant production, but if the oxidative stress is severe, decreased antioxidant levels may result. This study reports expression levels of oxidative stress species in otosclerosis patients.
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Case-Control Studies; Ceruloplasmin; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Middle Aged; Otosclerosis; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 27387094
DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1207920