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Redox Report : Communications in Free... Sep 2017Otosclerosis is a disease involving abnormal bone turnover in the human otic capsule that results in hearing loss. Several hypotheses have been suggested for the...
OBJECTIVES
Otosclerosis is a disease involving abnormal bone turnover in the human otic capsule that results in hearing loss. Several hypotheses have been suggested for the etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis; however, its etiology remains unclear.
METHODS
This study evaluated the correlation between otosclerosis and levels of paraoxonase-1 (PON1), arylesterase, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, lipid hydroperoxide, and ceruloplasmin in the serum of otosclerosis patients and healthy subjects with respect to oxidative stress.
RESULTS
In our study, TOS and OSI levels were higher in the otosclerosis patients than in the controls. The PON1 levels showed that oxidative stress was severe, and as a result, antioxidants were consumed and depleted.
DISCUSSION
When an imbalance between oxygen free radical production and antioxidative defense mechanisms occurs, reactive oxygen species levels may increase, which in turn may damage cells and tissues through the peroxidation of phospholipid membrane structures. The body initially responds with increased antioxidant production, but if the oxidative stress is severe, decreased antioxidant levels may result. This study reports expression levels of oxidative stress species in otosclerosis patients.
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Case-Control Studies; Ceruloplasmin; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Middle Aged; Otosclerosis; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 27387094
DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1207920 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Mar 2018
Topics: Adult; Hearing Loss; Humans; Male; Otosclerosis; Otoscopy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29554394
DOI: 10.1177/014556131809700315 -
Cureus Aug 2020Otosclerosis is a common cause of conductive hearing loss which is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder related to abnormal bone remodeling of the human otic capsule that... (Review)
Review
Otosclerosis is a common cause of conductive hearing loss which is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder related to abnormal bone remodeling of the human otic capsule that has complex etiopathogenesis attributed to genetics, autoimmunity, viral infection, inflammation, hormonal factor, environmental factor, and disturbed bone metabolism. It has a prevalence of 0.3%-0.4% in Caucasians, which makes up 5-9% of all hearing loss and 18-22% of all conductive hearing loss. This review article aims to study the postulated role of sustained measles virus infection in the etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis, among others. A PubMed search of the related topic identified 97,990 articles. After we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, it was determined that 52 articles were relevant, which included 38 observational studies, 13 review articles, and a systematic review. Among them, 33 observational studies, 13 review articles and a systematic review spotted a positive association between persistent measles virus infection and otosclerosis. On the contrary, five observational studies reported no evidence of the association. The majority of the current literature supported the presence of the measles virus component in the otosclerotic stapes samples and its role in the etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis. Measles virus infection may have the amplitude to initiate a pathological process, which in the presence of other factors like autoimmunity and genes plays a significant role in causing otosclerosis. However, other studies have failed to show the presence of the measles virus component in otosclerotic stapes. So, more studies are needed to probe the role of persistent measles virus infection in the etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis.
PubMed: 32968571
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9908 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Jan 2021The indications for cochlear implantation have gradually expanded as advancements in technology have evolved, resulting in improved audiologic outcomes for both adult...
The indications for cochlear implantation have gradually expanded as advancements in technology have evolved, resulting in improved audiologic outcomes for both adult and children. There remains a significant underutilization of cochlear implant technology in the United States, and recognition of the potential benefits of cochlear implantation for non-traditional indications is critical for encouraging the evolution of candidacy criteria. Adult cochlear implantation candidacy has progressed from patients with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) to include patients with greater degrees of residual hearing, single-sided deafness and asymmetric hearing, and atypical etiologies of hearing loss (eg, vestibular schwannoma, Ménière's disease, and otosclerosis). Indications for pediatric cochlear implantation have similarly evolved from children with bilateral severe to profound SNHL to implanting children at a younger age, including those with residual hearing, asymmetric hearing loss, inner ear malformations, as well as cochlear nerve deficiency. In this editorial, the literature investigating cochlear implantation for nontraditional indications is reviewed with an aim to use the best available evidence to encourage the evolution of candidacy criteria.
Topics: Adult; Child; Cochlear Implantation; Female; Hearing Loss; Humans; Male; Patient Selection; United States
PubMed: 32804575
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320947258 -
Laryngoscope Investigative... Feb 2022Otosclerosis, a leading cause of deafness in adults, results from defective bone remodeling of the otic capsule. Bisphosphonates have been used to decrease bone... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Otosclerosis, a leading cause of deafness in adults, results from defective bone remodeling of the otic capsule. Bisphosphonates have been used to decrease bone remolding in many diseases, including otosclerosis. This study analyzes whether current literature supports bisphosphonate therapy as an effective treatment for otosclerosis.
DESIGN
Scoping review.
METHODS
A search was performed in three electronic databases; PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Control Trials. Articles were screened independently by two masked reviewers based on prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. After unmasking, the two reviewers resolved discrepancies through discussion.
RESULTS
From the search, 35 unique articles were identified for analysis. The dates of these publications range from 1982 to 2018. Further title and full-text review identified six articles for inclusion in this review. Three of the studies included are randomized controlled trials (RCT)s, and three are retrospective case reviews. These studies analyzed bisphosphonate therapy regimens, but dose and study length varied, making direct comparisons difficult. Only one RCT study was able to show a statistically significant change between patients treated with bisphosphonates compared to a control group.
CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy of bisphosphonates for halting bone remodeling in otosclerosis remains unclear. Reviewing the literature, we found significant variations in experimental design and few studies of high-level evidence. Future RCTs investigating therapies for otosclerosis are needed before a firm conclusion about bisphosphonates efficacy as a pharmacological treatment of otosclerosis.Level of Evidence: 3a.
PubMed: 35155804
DOI: 10.1002/lio2.729 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Background. Otosclerosis can occur during childhood, resulting in the early onset of conductive hearing loss. The approach to a child with otosclerosis can present some... (Review)
Review
Background. Otosclerosis can occur during childhood, resulting in the early onset of conductive hearing loss. The approach to a child with otosclerosis can present some difficulties in terms of diagnosis and treatment, and the literature on juvenile otosclerosis (JO) is still relatively limited. Aim. To explore the current approaches to JO, in order to clear the management of this condition and evaluate the outcomes and the possible complications of surgical treatment. Methods. A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, searching Medline and Embase from January 2002 through to 30 September 2022. A total of 759 papers were identified but based on specified criteria, nine were included in this study. Results. There were 94 children affected by JO and treated by stapes surgery. According to the available data, Male: Female ratio was 1:3−4, whilst the mean ages ranged from 10 to 16.3 years at the time of stapes surgery. After stapes surgery, the target of ABG < 10 dB was achieved in most of the patients. Overall, the 4 complications were reported (4/94= 4%): stenosis of the external ear canal, deterioration of hearing, anacusis with vertigo, tinnitus. Conclusions. The heterogeneity of the available studies does not allow us to draw straight conclusions on this topic, currently. More data about the natural history of the disease in children could help in approaching the treatment correctly, and possibly in drawing guidelines. Studies with a prolonged follow-up could be helpful for assisting clinicians and families in taking the most favorable decision about treatment.
PubMed: 36421236
DOI: 10.3390/children9111787 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2023Otosclerosis is a pathological condition affecting the temporal bone, and is characterized by remodelling of the labyrinthine bone tissue through a dynamic process of... (Review)
Review
Otosclerosis is a pathological condition affecting the temporal bone, and is characterized by remodelling of the labyrinthine bone tissue through a dynamic process of osteolysis and osteogenesis. This condition progressively leads to hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. Stapedotomy, a surgical procedure involving the removal of the stapes superstructure and its replacement with a prosthesis, is the treatment of choice to improve hearing in individuals with otosclerosis. However, vestibular dysfunction is a significant complication associated with this procedure, which can occur intraoperatively or postoperatively, ranging from the immediate postoperative period to weeks, months, or even years after surgery. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the most important causes of vertigo associated with otosclerosis and stapes surgery with the goal of minimizing the incidence of this complication. Understanding the underlying factors contributing to vertigo in this context is crucial for the prevention and effective management of vertigo in patients undergoing stapedotomy.
Topics: Humans; Otosclerosis; Vertigo; Stapes Surgery; Deafness; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 37629775
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081485 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Aug 2022With technological improvements leading to enhanced image resolution, as well as recognized acceptance of endoscopes within the field of rhinology, there has been...
With technological improvements leading to enhanced image resolution, as well as recognized acceptance of endoscopes within the field of rhinology, there has been greater implementation of endoscopes in otologic and neurotologic procedures. Surgeons now use endoscopes for a wide range of otological procedure, one such procedure is endoscopic stapedotomy for otosclerosis. This study is done to compare merits and demerits of endoscopic stapedotomy with microscopic stapedotomy. This is a prospective observational study conducted in SMBT Medical College and Hospital, Nashik from January 2018 to January 2020. 40 patients who presented to ENT OPD with clinical features suggestive of otosclerosis and who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Detailed history, complete ENT examination and audiological investigations were done. Preanesthetic evaluation was done and patients were randomly allotted into two groups. Group A: consisted of twenty patients who underwent microscopic stapedotomy under local anesthesia Group B: consisted of twenty patients who underwent endoscopic stapedotomy under local anesthesia. Data was collected in pre-structured proforma and analyzed. There was no statistically significant difference between microscopic and endoscopic procedure in terms of duration of the surgery, hearing improvements or complications. However, surgeons noted that ease of visualization of middle ear structures and the better image quality favors endoscopic procedure over microscopic procedure. There is no increased risk of complications with endoscopic stapedotomy and hearing improvement is same as that of microscopic stapedotomy however the ease of visualization of middle ear structures and the better image quality favors endoscopic procedure over microscopic procedure. Hence, we conclude that endoscopic stapedotomy is a safe alternative to microscopic stapedotomy.
PubMed: 36032899
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02029-y -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Apr 2020The effect of pregnancy on otosclerosis is controversial. If pregnancy physiologically increases the risk of progression, females with children would be expected to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
The effect of pregnancy on otosclerosis is controversial. If pregnancy physiologically increases the risk of progression, females with children would be expected to receive stapedectomy earlier than childless females and males. Here, we seek to determine whether sex moderates the relationship between number of children and age at stapedectomy.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective observational study of national health care claims.
SETTING
2003 to 2016 Optum Clinformatics Data Mart.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
In total, 6025 privately insured US adults (3553 females, 2472 males) who received stapedectomy for otosclerosis were queried for age and number of children at the time of initial surgery.
RESULTS
The average age at stapedectomy was significantly lower in females than males (46.8 vs 48.1 years; test, < .0001). Females with children had a significantly lower age at surgery compared to childless females (39.3 vs 49.9 years; test, < .0001). Males with children similarly had a significantly lower age at surgery compared to childless males (40.5 vs 51.3 years; test, < .0001). A higher number of children was correlated with lower age for both females (Pearson, = -0.3817, < .0001) and males (Pearson, = -0. 3675, < .0001). Linear regression showed that younger age of surgery could be predicted by female sex and number of children ((3, 6021) = 336.93, < .001, = 0.1437) with no significant interaction between sex and number of children ( = .186).
CONCLUSION
Sex does not moderate the effect of increasing number of children on decreasing age at stapedectomy. Social, rather than biological, factors surrounding parenthood such as increased overall health care utilization may explain prior associations between pregnancy and otosclerosis.
Topics: Age Factors; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Otosclerosis; Parity; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors; Stapes Surgery
PubMed: 32093549
DOI: 10.1177/0194599820907093 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Feb 2021Otosclerosis is a disease process that usually starts around the oval window, causing fixation of the stapes, resulting in conductive hearing loss. Treatment of the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Otosclerosis is a disease process that usually starts around the oval window, causing fixation of the stapes, resulting in conductive hearing loss. Treatment of the conductive hearing loss caused by otosclerosis consists of either rehabilitation with hearing aids or performing surgery. Given the risks of hearing impairment and vertigo associated with the surgery, there has been a desire to advance the practice to minimize the complications. The so-called "non-contact" or "no touch" techniques with the use of various lasers are in current practice. This review article will cover the surgical aspects, the theory behind laser and the various types used in stapes surgery. It will also review the evidence of laser versus conventional stapes surgery and the comparison of different laser types.
METHODS
A literature search up to December 2019 was performed using Pubmed and a nonsystematic review of appropriate articles was undertaken. Keywords used were stapes, surgery, laser, stapedectomy, and stapedotomy.
RESULTS
Overall, there is no evidence to say laser fenestration is better than conventional fenestration techniques; however, with the micro drill, there is an increased risk of footplate fracture and sensorineural hearing loss. There is an increased risk of tinnitus with the laser compared to conventional techniques. Studies have favored the CO laser over potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) and erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Erbium-YAG) lasers for postoperative closure of the air-bone gap; and KTP laser has less thermal, mechanical, and sound effects compared with the thulium and carbon dioxide (CO) lasers. There is an increased risk if inner ear complications with the thulium laser.
CONCLUSIONS
It can be deduced that theoretically and practically, the thulium laser is less safe compared to the KTP and CO lasers. The choice of laser used depends on the surgeon's preference, as well as availability, cost, side effects profile, as well as ease of use.
Topics: Hearing Loss, Conductive; Humans; Laser Therapy; Otosclerosis; Stapes Surgery; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32603217
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320937828