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Nature Reviews. Cancer May 2019Over the past century, the notion that vitamin C can be used to treat cancer has generated much controversy. However, new knowledge regarding the pharmacokinetic... (Review)
Review
Over the past century, the notion that vitamin C can be used to treat cancer has generated much controversy. However, new knowledge regarding the pharmacokinetic properties of vitamin C and recent high-profile preclinical studies have revived interest in the utilization of high-dose vitamin C for cancer treatment. Studies have shown that pharmacological vitamin C targets many of the mechanisms that cancer cells utilize for their survival and growth. In this Opinion article, we discuss how vitamin C can target three vulnerabilities many cancer cells share: redox imbalance, epigenetic reprogramming and oxygen-sensing regulation. Although the mechanisms and predictive biomarkers that we discuss need to be validated in well-controlled clinical trials, these new discoveries regarding the anticancer properties of vitamin C are promising to help identify patient populations that may benefit the most from high-dose vitamin C therapy, developing effective combination strategies and improving the overall design of future vitamin C clinical trials for various types of cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 30967651
DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0135-7 -
Cell May 2020Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death that occurs when phospholipids with polyunsaturated fatty acyl tails are oxidized in an iron-dependent manner. Research in...
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death that occurs when phospholipids with polyunsaturated fatty acyl tails are oxidized in an iron-dependent manner. Research in recent years has uncovered complex cellular networks that induce and suppress lethal lipid peroxidation. This SnapShot provides an overview of ferroptosis-related pathways, including relevant biomolecules and small-molecule modulators regulating them.
Topics: Cell Death; Ferroptosis; Humans; Iron; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Phospholipids
PubMed: 32470402
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.039 -
Protein Science : a Publication of the... Jan 2019
Topics: Catalysis; Oxidation-Reduction; Proteins
PubMed: 30461094
DOI: 10.1002/pro.3555 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023This review presents a description of the available data from the literature on the electrochemical properties of flavonoids. The emphasis has been placed on the... (Review)
Review
This review presents a description of the available data from the literature on the electrochemical properties of flavonoids. The emphasis has been placed on the mechanism of oxidation processes and an attempt was made to find a general relation between the observed reaction paths and the structure of flavonoids. Regardless of the solvent used, three potential regions related to flavonoid structures are characteristic of the occurrence of their electrochemical oxidation. The potential values depend on the solvent used. In the less positive potential region, flavonoids, which have an dihydroxy moiety, are reversibly oxidized to corresponding -quinones. The -quinones, if they possess a C3 hydroxyl group, react with water to form a benzofuranone derivative (). In the second potential region, () is irreversibly oxidized. In this potential region, some flavonoids without an dihydroxy moiety can also be oxidized to the corresponding -quinone methides. The oxidation of the hydroxyl groups located in ring A, which are not in the position, occurs in the third potential region at the most positive values. Some discrepancies in the reported reaction mechanisms have been indicated, and this is a good starting point for further investigations.
Topics: Flavonoids; Electrochemistry; Oxidation-Reduction; Solvents
PubMed: 38005343
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227618 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Dec 2022The Wacker reaction is the oxidation of olefins to ketones and typically requires expensive and scarce palladium catalysts in the presence of an additional copper... (Review)
Review
The Wacker reaction is the oxidation of olefins to ketones and typically requires expensive and scarce palladium catalysts in the presence of an additional copper co-catalyst under harsh conditions (acidic media, high pressure of air/dioxygen, elevated temperatures). Such a transformation is relevant for industry, as shown by the synthesis of acetaldehyde from ethylene as well as for fine-chemicals, because of the versatility of a carbonyl group placed at specific positions. In this regard, many contributions have focused on controlling the chemo- and regioselectivity of the olefin oxidation by means of well-defined palladium catalysts under different sets of reaction conditions. However, the development of Wacker-type processes that avoid the use of palladium catalysts has just emerged in the last few years, thereby paving the way for the generation of more sustainable procedures, including milder reaction conditions and green chemistry technologies. In this Minireview, we discuss the development of new catalytic processes that utilize more benign catalysts and sustainable reaction conditions.
Topics: Palladium; Alkenes; Catalysis; Ketones; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 36164675
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211016 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2019The transport of H₂O₂ across membranes by specific aquaporins (AQPs) has been considered the last milestone in the timeline of hydrogen peroxide discoveries in... (Review)
Review
The transport of H₂O₂ across membranes by specific aquaporins (AQPs) has been considered the last milestone in the timeline of hydrogen peroxide discoveries in biochemistry. According to its concentration and localization, H₂O₂ can be dangerous or acts as a signaling molecule in various cellular processes as either a paracrine (intercellular) and/or an autocrine (intracellular) signal. In this review, we investigate and critically examine the available information on AQP isoforms able to facilitate H₂O₂ across biological membranes ("peroxiporins"), focusing in particular on their role in cancer. Moreover, the ability of natural compounds to modulate expression and/or activity of peroxiporins is schematically reported and discussed.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporins; Biological Products; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30893772
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061371 -
Journal of Oleo Science Jan 2019The benefit of fish oil to health has been widely recognized because of the high contents of functional EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22:6n-3) in the oil; however, the... (Review)
Review
The benefit of fish oil to health has been widely recognized because of the high contents of functional EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22:6n-3) in the oil; however, the application of fish oil has been limited by its high susceptibility to oxidation. This review reports the characteristics of EPA and DHA oxidation compared with those of other fatty acids such as linoleic acid (18:2n-6). In addition, effective approaches to protect against oxidation are discussed, focusing on the unique antioxidant potential of amine compounds. Finally, the exceptionally high oxidative stability of EPA and DHA in biological systems is discussed. Understanding the protective mechanism against EPA and DHA oxidation in such systems may be useful for the development of an effective antioxidant procedure for fish oil that is rich in EPA and DHA.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Drug Stability; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fish Oils; Fishes; Food Preservation; Oxidation-Reduction; Phospholipids; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 30542006
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18144 -
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Mar 2023Carnitine is an essential micronutrient that transfer long-chain fatty acids from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix for the β-oxidation. Carnitine is also... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Carnitine is an essential micronutrient that transfer long-chain fatty acids from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix for the β-oxidation. Carnitine is also needed for the mitochondrial efflux of acyl groups in the cases wherein substrate oxidation exceeds energy demands.
RECENT FINDINGS
Carnitine deficiency can affect the oxidation of free fatty acids in the mitochondria resulting in the aggregation of lipids in the cytoplasm instead of entering the citric acid cycle. The aggregation leads a lack of energy, acetyl coenzyme A accumulation in the mitochondria and cytotoxic production.
SUMMARY
Carnitine and its derivatives show great clinical therapeutic effect without significant side effects.
Topics: Humans; Carnitine; Fatty Acids; Oxidation-Reduction; Fatigue
PubMed: 36821461
DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000906 -
Plant Physiology May 2021
Topics: Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plants
PubMed: 33710325
DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab103 -
The FEBS Journal Dec 2022Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions and comprise a very large and diverse group of enzymes, which can be subclassified depending on the catalytic... (Review)
Review
Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions and comprise a very large and diverse group of enzymes, which can be subclassified depending on the catalytic mechanisms of the enzymes. One of the most prominent oxidative modifications in proteins is carbonylation, which involves the formation of aldehyde and keto groups in the side chain of lysines. This modification can alter the local macromolecular structure of proteins, thereby regulating their function, stability, and/or localization, as well as the nature of any protein-protein and/or protein-nucleic acid interactions. In this review, we focus on copper-dependent amine oxidases, which catalyze oxidative deamination of amines to aldehydes. In particular, we discuss oxidation reactions that involve lysine residues and that are regulated by members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of proteins. We summarize what is known about the newly identified substrates and how this posttranslational modification regulates protein function in different contexts.
Topics: Lysine; Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase; Amines; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
PubMed: 34535954
DOI: 10.1111/febs.16205