-
Biochemistry Oct 2022Cysteine side chains can exist in distinct oxidation states depending on the pH and redox potential of the environment, and cysteine oxidation plays important yet... (Review)
Review
Cysteine side chains can exist in distinct oxidation states depending on the pH and redox potential of the environment, and cysteine oxidation plays important yet complex regulatory roles. Compared with the effects of post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, the effects of oxidation of cysteine to sulfenic, sulfinic, and sulfonic acid on protein structure and function remain relatively poorly characterized. We present an analysis of the role of cysteine reactivity as a regulatory factor in proteins, emphasizing the interplay between electrostatics and redox potential as key determinants of the resulting oxidation state. A review of current computational approaches suggests underdeveloped areas of research for studying cysteine reactivity through molecular simulations.
Topics: Biophysics; Cysteine; Oxidation-Reduction; Proteins; Sulfenic Acids; Sulfonic Acids
PubMed: 36161872
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00349 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry May 2018Cell growth and division require nutrients, and proliferating cells use a variety of sources to acquire the amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides that support... (Review)
Review
Cell growth and division require nutrients, and proliferating cells use a variety of sources to acquire the amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides that support macromolecule synthesis. Lipids are more reduced than other nutrients, whereas nucleotides and amino acids are typically more oxidized. Cells must therefore generate reducing and oxidizing (redox) equivalents to convert consumed nutrients into biosynthetic precursors. To that end, redox cofactor metabolism plays a central role in meeting cellular redox requirements. In this Minireview, we highlight the biosynthetic pathways that involve redox reactions and discuss their integration with metabolism in proliferating mammalian cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Cell Proliferation; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Mammals; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 29339555
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.TM117.000239 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death marked by phospholipid peroxidation, is regulated by complex cellular metabolic pathways including lipid... (Review)
Review
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death marked by phospholipid peroxidation, is regulated by complex cellular metabolic pathways including lipid metabolism, iron balance, redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial activity. Initial research regarding the mechanism of ferroptosis mainly focused on the solute carrier family 7 member 11/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signal pathway. Recently, novel mechanisms of ferroptosis, independent of GPX4, have been discovered. Numerous pathologies associated with extensive lipid peroxidation, such as drug-resistant cancers, ischemic organ injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases, are driven by ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a new therapeutic target for the intervention of IVDD. The role of ferroptosis in the modulation of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a significant topic of interest. This is a novel research topic, and research on the mechanisms of IVDD and ferroptosis is ongoing. Herein, we aim to review and discuss the literature to explore the mechanisms of ferroptosis, the relationship between IVDD and ferroptosis, and the regulatory networks in the cells of the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate to provide references for future basic research and clinical translation for IVDD treatment.
Topics: Humans; Ferroptosis; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Iron
PubMed: 36339421
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1042060 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jul 2022Controlled reduction of oxygen is important for developing clean energy technologies, such as fuel cells, and is vital to the existence of aerobic organisms. The process...
Controlled reduction of oxygen is important for developing clean energy technologies, such as fuel cells, and is vital to the existence of aerobic organisms. The process starts with oxygen in a triplet ground state and ends with products that are all in singlet states. Hence, spin constraints in the oxygen reduction must be considered. Here, we show that the electron transfer efficiency from chiral electrodes to oxygen (oxygen reduction reaction) is enhanced over that from achiral electrodes. We demonstrate lower overpotentials and higher current densities for chiral catalysts versus achiral ones. This finding holds even for electrodes composed of heavy metals with large spin-orbit coupling. The effect results from the spin selectivity conferred on the electron current by the chiral assemblies, the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect.
Topics: Catalysis; Electrodes; Electron Transport; Electrons; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen
PubMed: 35858429
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202650119 -
The Journal of Physiological Sciences :... Jul 2019Adequate oxygen supply by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen at appropriately high atmospheric pressure (1266-1317 hPa) and increased oxygen concentration (35-40%... (Review)
Review
Adequate oxygen supply by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen at appropriately high atmospheric pressure (1266-1317 hPa) and increased oxygen concentration (35-40% oxygen) has a possibility of improving the oxidative metabolism in cells and tissues without barotrauma and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, metabolic syndrome and lifestyle-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension, in rats were inhibited and/or improved by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen. It accelerated the growth-induced increase in oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle in rats and inhibited the age-related decrease in oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle in mice. A decrease in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson's disease was inhibited by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen. This review describes the beneficial effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen on some metabolic diseases and their perspectives.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Metabolic Diseases; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen
PubMed: 31062232
DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00678-5 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2020There is a distinct increase in the risk of heart disease in people exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the adverse side... (Review)
Review
There is a distinct increase in the risk of heart disease in people exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the adverse side effects when people are exposed to ionizing radiation. IR may come from various forms, such as diagnostic imaging, radiotherapy for cancer treatment, nuclear disasters, and accidents. However, RIHD was mainly observed after radiotherapy for chest malignant tumors, especially left breast cancer. Radiation therapy (RT) has become one of the main ways to treat all kinds of cancer, which is used to reduce the recurrence of cancer and improve the survival rate of patients. The potential cause of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity is unclear, but it may be relevant to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupts intracellular homeostasis through chemical modification and damages proteins, lipids, and DNA; therefore, it results in a series of related pathophysiological changes. The purpose of this review was to summarise the studies of oxidative stress in radiotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and provide prevention and treatment methods to reduce cardiac damage.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiotoxicity; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Radiation; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32190171
DOI: 10.1155/2020/3579143 -
Chemical Reviews Jul 2021Homogeneous gold catalysis has experienced extraordinary development since the dawn of this millennium. Oxidative gold catalysis is a vibrant and fertile subfield and... (Review)
Review
Homogeneous gold catalysis has experienced extraordinary development since the dawn of this millennium. Oxidative gold catalysis is a vibrant and fertile subfield and has over the years delivered a diverse array of versatile synthetic methods of exceptional value to synthetic practices. This review aims to cover this topic in a comprehensive manner. The discussions are organized by the mechanistic aspects of the metal oxidation states and further by the types of oxidants or oxidizing functional groups. Synthetic applications of oxidative gold catalysis are also discussed.
Topics: Catalysis; Gold; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 33591722
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00774 -
Redox Biology Apr 2020
Topics: Biology; Oxidation-Reduction; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 32279981
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101533 -
PloS One 2022Safranine O is widely used in the bioenergetics community as an indicator dye to determine membrane potentials and as an electron transfer mediator in potentiometric...
Safranine O is widely used in the bioenergetics community as an indicator dye to determine membrane potentials and as an electron transfer mediator in potentiometric titrations. Here we show that two different commercial preparations of Safranine O contain less than sixty percent by weight of the title compound, with the rest primarily consisting of two closely related safranine isomers. All three major isomer components were isolated using reverse phase HPLC and their structures determined using mass spectrometry and two-dimensional NMR. These Safranines have two-electron midpoint potentials ranging from -272 to -315 mV vs. SHE. We have also investigated the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the compounds and found that they display distinct spectral and photophysical properties. While this mixture may aid in Safranine O's utility as a mediator compound, membrane potential measurements must take this range of dye potentials into account.
Topics: Electron Transport; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenazines; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
PubMed: 35749430
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265105 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Apr 2023We report the total synthesis of the furanobutenolide-derived diterpenoid (+)-ineleganolide. The synthetic approach relies on a convergent strategy based on the coupling...
We report the total synthesis of the furanobutenolide-derived diterpenoid (+)-ineleganolide. The synthetic approach relies on a convergent strategy based on the coupling of two enantioenriched fragments, which are derived from (-)-linalool and (+)-norcarvone, respectively. A high-yielding, one-step Michael addition and aldol cascade furnishes a pentacyclic framework as a single diastereomer, thereby overcoming previous challenges in controlling stereochemistry. The endgame features an O-facilitated C-H oxidation and a samarium diiodide-induced semipinacol rearrangement to furnish the highly rigid central seven-membered ring.
Topics: Cyclization; Diterpenes; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 36989438
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02142