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Pharmacological Reports : PR Oct 2020In a state of balance between oxidants and antioxidants, free radicals play an advantageous role of "redox messengers". In a state of oxidative stress, they trigger a... (Review)
Review
In a state of balance between oxidants and antioxidants, free radicals play an advantageous role of "redox messengers". In a state of oxidative stress, they trigger a cascade of events leading to epileptogenesis. During this latent, free of seizures period, a cascade of neurological changes takes place and finally leads to spontaneous recurrent seizures. The main processes involved in seizure generation are: neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration with anomalous neuroregeneration and lowering seizure threshold. Time of epileptogenesis offers a unique therapeutic window to prevent or at least attenuate seizure development. Animal data indicate that some antioxidants (for instance, resveratrol) may bear an anti-epileptogenic potential.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Humans; Inflammation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Seizures
PubMed: 32865811
DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00143-w -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022The chemical reduction efficiencies of graphene oxide (GO) are critically important in achieving graphene-like properties in reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In this study,...
The chemical reduction efficiencies of graphene oxide (GO) are critically important in achieving graphene-like properties in reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In this study, we assessed GO lateral size and its degree of oxidation effect on its chemical reduction efficiency in both suspension and film and the electrical conductivity of the corresponding rGO films. We show that while GO-reduction efficiency increases with the GO size of lower oxidation in suspension, the trend is opposite for film. FESEM, XRD, and Raman analyses reveal that the GO reduction efficiency in film is affected not only by GO size and degree of oxidation but also by its interlayer spacing (restacking) and the efficiency is tunable based on the use of mixed GO. Moreover, we show that the electrical conductivity of rGO films depends linearly on the C/O and Raman I/I ratio of rGO and not the lateral size of GO. In this study, an optimal chemical reduction was achieved using premixed large and small GO (L/SGO) at a ratio of 3:1 (/). Consequently, the highest electrical conductivity of 85,283 S/m was achieved out of all rGO films reported so far. We hope that our findings may help to pave the way for a simple and scalable method to fabricate tunable, electrically conductive rGO films for electronic applications.
Topics: Graphite; Electric Conductivity; Oxidation-Reduction; Electronics
PubMed: 36431940
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227840 -
Journal of Bacteriology Mar 2020Exoelectrogens are able to transfer electrons extracellularly, enabling them to respire on insoluble terminal electron acceptors. Extensively studied exoelectrogens,...
Exoelectrogens are able to transfer electrons extracellularly, enabling them to respire on insoluble terminal electron acceptors. Extensively studied exoelectrogens, such as and , are Gram negative. More recently, it has been reported that Gram-positive bacteria, such as and , also exhibit the ability to transfer electrons extracellularly, although it is still unclear whether this has a function in respiration or in redox control of the environment, for instance, by reducing ferric iron for iron uptake. In this issue of , Hederstedt and colleagues report on experiments that directly compare extracellular electron transfer (EET) pathways for ferric iron reduction and respiration and find a clear difference (L. Hederstedt, L. Gorton, and G. Pankratova, J Bacteriol 202:e00725-19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00725-19), providing further insights and new questions into the function and metabolic pathways of EET in Gram-positive bacteria.
Topics: Electron Transport; Electrons; Enterococcus faecalis; Geobacter; Homeostasis; Nutrients; Oxidation-Reduction; Shewanella
PubMed: 31988080
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00029-20 -
BioMed Research International 2019As a kind of antibacterial and antifungal preservative, benzoic acid is widely used in foods and feeds. Recently, many studies showed that it could improve the growth... (Review)
Review
As a kind of antibacterial and antifungal preservative, benzoic acid is widely used in foods and feeds. Recently, many studies showed that it could improve the growth and health, which should, at least partially, be derived from the promotion of gut functions, including digestion, absorption, and barrier. Based on the similarity of gut physiology between human and pigs, many relative studies in which piglets and porcine intestinal epithelial cells were used as the models have been done. And the results showed that using appropriate benzoic acid levels might improve gut functions via regulating enzyme activity, redox status, immunity, and microbiota, but excess administration would lead to the damage of gut health through redox status. However, the further mechanisms that some intestinal physiological functions might be regulated are not well understood. The present review will, in detail, summarize the effect of benzoic acid on gut functions.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Benzoic Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Swine
PubMed: 30931328
DOI: 10.1155/2019/5721585 -
Annual Review of Chemical and... Jun 2023The storage of electric energy in a safe and environmentally friendly way is of ever-growing importance for a modern, technology-based society. With future pressures... (Review)
Review
The storage of electric energy in a safe and environmentally friendly way is of ever-growing importance for a modern, technology-based society. With future pressures predicted for batteries that contain strategic metals, there is increasing interest in metal-free electrode materials. Among candidate materials, nonconjugated redox-active polymers (NC-RAPs) have advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, good processability, unique electrochemical properties, and precise tuning for different battery chemistries. Here, we review the current state of the art regarding the mechanisms of redox kinetics, molecular design, synthesis, and application of NC-RAPs in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Different redox chemistries are compared, including polyquinones, polyimides, polyketones, sulfur-containing polymers, radical-containing polymers, polyphenylamines, polyphenazines, polyphenothiazines, polyphenoxazines, and polyviologens. We close with cell design principles considering electrolyte optimization and cell configuration. Finally, we point to fundamental and applied areas of future promise for designer NC-RAPs.
Topics: Electrons; Electron Transport; Oxidation-Reduction; Physical Phenomena; Polymers
PubMed: 37289559
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-111121 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2020
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Biological Products; Humans; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 32566077
DOI: 10.1155/2020/2407074 -
The ISME Journal Feb 2017The discovery of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) and cable bacteria has demonstrated that microbial cells can exchange electrons over long distances... (Review)
Review
The discovery of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) and cable bacteria has demonstrated that microbial cells can exchange electrons over long distances (μm-cm) through electrical connections. For example, in the presence of cable bacteria electrons are rapidly transported over centimeter distances, coupling the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds in anoxic sediments to oxygen reduction in overlying surficial sediments. Bacteria and archaea wired for DIET are found in anaerobic methane-producing and methane-consuming communities. Electrical connections between gut microbes and host cells have also been proposed. Iterative environmental and defined culture studies on methanogenic communities revealed the importance of electrically conductive pili and c-type cytochromes in natural electrical grids, and demonstrated that conductive carbon materials and magnetite can substitute for these biological connectors to facilitate DIET. This understanding has led to strategies to enhance and stabilize anaerobic digestion. Key unknowns warranting further investigation include elucidation of the archaeal electrical connections facilitating DIET-based methane production and consumption; and the mechanisms for long-range electron transfer through cable bacteria. A better understanding of mechanisms for cell-to-cell electron transfer could facilitate the hunt for additional electrically connected microbial communities with omics approaches and could advance spin-off applications such as the development of sustainable bioelectronics materials and bioelectrochemical technologies.
Topics: Archaea; Bacteria; Electron Transport; Methane; Microbial Consortia; Microbial Interactions; Models, Biological; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 27801905
DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.136 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Feb 2019This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit...
This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc.
Topics: Oxidation-Reduction; Sulfur Compounds
PubMed: 30680717
DOI: 10.1111/bph.14551 -
Nature Cell Biology Feb 2022Extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity increases during tumour progression. In a recent study, Romani et al. delineated a connection between ECM stiffness and the redox...
Extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity increases during tumour progression. In a recent study, Romani et al. delineated a connection between ECM stiffness and the redox response of disseminated tumour cells. Their results suggest that soft ECM promotes DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission and an NRF2-dependent antioxidant response.
Topics: Homeostasis; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 35165419
DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00845-8 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jul 2021The synthesis of two diazabisacenes is reported. A bisboronated naphthalene was Suzuki-coupled to substituted ethyl nicotinates, then cyclized by intramolecular...
The synthesis of two diazabisacenes is reported. A bisboronated naphthalene was Suzuki-coupled to substituted ethyl nicotinates, then cyclized by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation. The resulting diketones were alkynylated and reduced to give the title compounds, bis(TIPS-ethynyl)-substituted naphtha[1,8-gh:5,4-g'h']diquinoline and naphtho[1,8-bc:5,4-b'c']diacridine. Nitrogen incorporation stabilizes the bisacenes with respect to oxidation compared to their consanguine nonaza analogs.
Topics: Acylation; Ketones; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 33938059
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101246