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Toxins Mar 2023Labdane-related diterpenoids, momilactones A and B were isolated and identified in rice husks in 1973 and later found in rice leaves, straws, roots, root exudate, other... (Review)
Review
Labdane-related diterpenoids, momilactones A and B were isolated and identified in rice husks in 1973 and later found in rice leaves, straws, roots, root exudate, other several Poaceae species and the moss species The functions of momilactones in rice are well documented. Momilactones in rice plants suppressed the growth of fungal pathogens, indicating the defense function against pathogen attacks. Rice plants also inhibited the growth of adjacent competitive plants through the root secretion of momilactones into their rhizosphere due to the potent growth-inhibitory activity of momilactones, indicating a function in allelopathy. Momilactone-deficient mutants of rice lost their tolerance to pathogens and allelopathic activity, which verifies the involvement of momilactones in both functions. Momilactones also showed pharmacological functions such as anti-leukemia and anti-diabetic activities. Momilactones are synthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate through cyclization steps, and the biosynthetic gene cluster is located on chromosome 4 of the rice genome. Pathogen attacks, biotic elicitors such as chitosan and cantharidin, and abiotic elicitors such as UV irradiation and CuCl elevated momilactone production through jasmonic acid-dependent and independent signaling pathways. Rice allelopathy was also elevated by jasmonic acid, UV irradiation and nutrient deficiency due to nutrient competition with neighboring plants with the increased production and secretion of momilactones. Rice allelopathic activity and the secretion of momilactones into the rice rhizosphere were also induced by either nearby plants or their root exudates. Certain compounds from may stimulate the production and secretion of momilactones. This article focuses on the functions, biosynthesis and induction of momilactones and their occurrence in plant species.
Topics: Poaceae; Plants; Cyclopentanes; Oxylipins; Oryza; Echinochloa; Diterpenes
PubMed: 37104180
DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040241 -
The Plant Journal : For Cell and... Jan 2021Plant hormones are essential for regulating the interactions between plants and their complex biotic and abiotic environments. Each hormone initiates a specific... (Review)
Review
Plant hormones are essential for regulating the interactions between plants and their complex biotic and abiotic environments. Each hormone initiates a specific molecular pathway and these different hormone pathways are integrated in a complex network of synergistic, antagonistic and additive interactions. This inter-pathway communication is called hormone crosstalk. By influencing the immune network topology, hormone crosstalk is essential for tailoring plant responses to diverse microbes and insects in diverse environmental and internal contexts. Crosstalk provides robustness to the immune system but also drives specificity of induced defense responses against the plethora of biotic interactors. Recent advances in dry-lab and wet-lab techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of the broad-scale effects of hormone crosstalk on immune network functioning and have revealed underlying principles of crosstalk mechanisms. Molecular studies have demonstrated that hormone crosstalk is modulated at multiple levels of regulation, such as by affecting protein stability, gene transcription and hormone homeostasis. These new insights into hormone crosstalk regulation of plant defense are reviewed here, with a focus on crosstalk acting on the jasmonic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, highlighting the transcription factors MYC2 and ORA59 as major targets for modulation by other hormones.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Cyclopentanes; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Oxylipins; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Immunity; Receptor Cross-Talk; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 33617121
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15124 -
Plant Molecular Biology Aug 2016Plant responses to drought stress depend on highly regulated signal transduction pathways with multiple interactions. This complex crosstalk can lead to a physiological... (Review)
Review
Plant responses to drought stress depend on highly regulated signal transduction pathways with multiple interactions. This complex crosstalk can lead to a physiological outcome of drought avoidance or tolerance/resistance. ABA is the principal mediator of these responses due to the regulation of stomatal closure that determines plant growth and survival, but also other strategies of drought resistance such as osmotic adjustment. However, other hormones such as JA seem responsible for regulating a subset of plant responses to drought by regulating ABA biosynthesis and accumulation and ABA-dependent signalling, but also by ABA independent pathways. Here, we review recent reports of ABA-JA hormonal and molecular interactions within a physiological framework of drought tolerance. Understanding the physiological significance of this complex regulation offers opportunities to find strategies of drought tolerance that avoid unwanted side effects that limit growth and yield, and may allow biotechnological crop improvement.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Cyclopentanes; Models, Biological; Oxylipins; Plants; Signal Transduction; Water
PubMed: 27299601
DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0503-6 -
Journal of Lipid Research Dec 2022Oxylipins are important biological regulators that have received extensive research attention. Due to the extremely low concentrations, large concentration variations,...
Oxylipins are important biological regulators that have received extensive research attention. Due to the extremely low concentrations, large concentration variations, and high structural similarity of many oxylipins, the quantitative analysis of oxylipins in biological samples is always a great challenge. Here, we developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method with high sensitivity, wide linearity, and acceptable resolution for quantitative profiling of oxylipins in multiple biological samples. A total of 104 oxylipins, some with a high risk of detection crosstalk, were well separated on a 150 mm column over 20 min. The method showed high sensitivity with lower limits of quantitation for 87 oxylipins, reaching 0.05-0.5 pg. Unexpectedly, we found that the linear range for 16, 18, and 17 oxylipins reached 10,000, 20,000, and 40,000 folds, respectively. Due to the high sensitivity, while reducing sample consumption to below half the volume of previous methods, 74, 78, and 59 low-abundance oxylipins, among which some were difficult to detect like lipoxins and resolvins, were well quantified in the tested mouse plasma, mouse liver, and human plasma samples, respectively. Additionally, we determined that analytes with multifarious concentrations of over a 1,000-fold difference could be well quantified simultaneously due to the wide linearity. In conclusion, most likely due to the instrumental advancement, this method effectively improves the quantitative sensitivity and linear range over existing methods, which will facilitate and advance the study of the physiological and pathophysiological functions of oxylipins.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Oxylipins; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 36265716
DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100302 -
Plant Signaling & Behavior Dec 2021Recent lipid-based findings suggest more direct roles for fatty acids and their degradation products in inducing/modulating various aspects of plant defense, e.g. as... (Review)
Review
Recent lipid-based findings suggest more direct roles for fatty acids and their degradation products in inducing/modulating various aspects of plant defense, e.g. as signaling molecules following stress responses that may regulate plant innate immunity. The synthesis of oxylipins is a highly dynamic process and occurs in both a developmentally regulated mode and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. This mini-review summarizes the occurrence of free - and oxygenated fatty acid derivatives in plants as part of an orchestrated metabolic defense against pathogen attack. Oxygenated C18 derived polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified by untargeted metabolomics studies of a number of different plant-microbe pathosystems and may serve as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress. Untargeted metabolomics in combination with targeted lipidomics, can uncover previously unrecognized aspects of lipid mobilization during plant defense.
Topics: Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Metabolomics; Oxylipins; Plants; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34968410
DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1989215 -
Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators Jun 2022Inflammatory signaling pathways involving eicosanoids and other regulatory lipid mediators are a subject of intensive study, and a role for these in acute lung injury is...
Inflammatory signaling pathways involving eicosanoids and other regulatory lipid mediators are a subject of intensive study, and a role for these in acute lung injury is not yet well understood. We hypothesized that oxylipin release from lung injury could be detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in plasma. In a porcine model of surfactant depletion, ventilation with hyperinflation was assessed. Bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma samples were analyzed for 37 different fatty acid metabolites (oxylipins). Over time, hyperinflation altered concentrations of 4 oxylipins in plasma (TXB, PGE, 15-HETE and 11-HETE), and 9 oxylipins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (PGF, PGE, PGD, 12,13-DiHOME, 11,12-DiHETrE, 13-HODE, 9-HODE, 15-HETE, 11-HETE). Acute lung injury caused by high tidal volume ventilation in this porcine model was associated with rapid changes in some elements of the oxylipin profile, detectable in lavage fluid, and plasma. These oxylipins may be relevant in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury by hyperinflation.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Dinoprostone; Eicosanoids; Oxylipins; Swine
PubMed: 35307566
DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106636 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2019Oxylipins are potent lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, which play important roles in various biological processes. Being important regulators... (Review)
Review
Oxylipins are potent lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, which play important roles in various biological processes. Being important regulators and/or markers of a wide range of normal and pathological processes, oxylipins are becoming a popular subject of research; however, the low stability and often very low concentration of oxylipins in samples are a significant challenge for authors and continuous improvement is required in both the extraction and analysis techniques. In recent years, the study of oxylipins has been directly related to the development of new technological platforms based on mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)/MS), as well as the improvement in methods for the extraction of oxylipins from biological samples. In this review, we systematize and compare information on sample preparation procedures, including solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction from different biological tissues.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Oxylipins; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 31027298
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081639 -
Journal of Chromatography. B,... Aug 2022Analysis of bioactive lipids is increasingly useful in clinical studies, and there is a need for non-invasive and easy-to-use sampling methods that meet the demands of...
Analysis of bioactive lipids is increasingly useful in clinical studies, and there is a need for non-invasive and easy-to-use sampling methods that meet the demands of reliability. Samples that can be taken by a non-professional and that can be taken repeatedly so as to provide more detailed information about the inflammatory process are often desired. In this study, the feasibility of non-invasive sampling of nasal mucosa and saliva for the analysis of bioactive lipid mediators (e.g. oxylipins and endocannabinoids) was evaluated in a pilot study (n = 10). In a second study, the reliability (relative and absolute) of sampling of these lipid mediators derived from nasal mucosa and from plasma was assessed by calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman's limit of agreement. Samples were taken at the same time of day on two occasions from a cohort of individuals with and without building-related intolerance (n = 37). Nasal mucosa proved to be a suitable matrix for the analysis of bioactive lipids and was therefore included in the study on reliability together with the plasma samples. Relative reliability varied among the identified oxylipins and endocannabinoids. Arachidonic acid derivatives showed generally better reliability. Absolute reliability measures also varied indicating that only a subset of the oxylipins and endocannabinoids were suitable as biomarkers in either nasal mucosa or plasma and should therefore be used with caution for that purpose.
Topics: Endocannabinoids; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Nasal Mucosa; Oxylipins; Pilot Projects; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35803094
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123357 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Jul 2019Alcohol-related liver disease is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. Mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver disease are...
BACKGROUND
Alcohol-related liver disease is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. Mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver disease are not well understood. Oxylipins play a crucial role in numerous biological processes and pathological conditions. Nevertheless, oxylipins are not well studied in alcohol-related liver disease.
AIMS
(1) To characterize the patterns of bioactive ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in alcohol use disorder and alcoholic hepatitis patients and (2) to identify associations of serum oxylipins with clinical parameters in patients with alcohol-related liver disease.
METHODS
We performed a comprehensive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of serum and fecal oxylipins derived from ω-6 arachidonic acid, ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid in a patient cohort with alcohol-related liver disease.
RESULTS
Our results show profound alterations in the serum oxylipin profile of patients with alcohol use disorder and alcoholic hepatitis compared to nonalcoholic controls. Spearman correlation of the oxylipins with clinical parameters shows a link between different serum oxylipins and intestinal permeability, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, albumin, international normalized ratio, platelet count, steatosis, fibrosis and model for end-stage liver disease score. Especially, higher level of serum 20-HETE was significantly associated with decreased albumin, increased hepatic steatosis, polymorphonuclear infiltration, and 90-day mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with alcohol-related liver disease have different oxylipin profiles. Future studies are required to confirm oxylipins as disease biomarker or to connect oxylipins to disease pathogenesis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Feces; Female; Hepatitis, Alcoholic; Humans; Male; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Oxylipins; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 31076986
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05638-y -
Cancer Metastasis Reviews Sep 2020
Review
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Neoplasms; Oxylipins
PubMed: 32623533
DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09904-8