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The American Journal of Clinical... Apr 2015
Topics: Body Composition; Dietary Supplements; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Infant Food; Iron, Dietary; Male; Micronutrients; Parity; Pregnancy
PubMed: 25739928
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.108399 -
International Journal of Biometeorology Jul 2023Heat stress presents one of the most urgent challenges to modern dairy farming, having major detrimental impacts on cow welfare, health, and production. Understanding...
Heat stress presents one of the most urgent challenges to modern dairy farming, having major detrimental impacts on cow welfare, health, and production. Understanding the effect of cow factors (reproductive status, parity, and lactation stage) on the physiological and behavioural response to hot weather conditions is essential for the accurate detection and practical application of heat mitigation strategies. To study this, collars with commercial accelerometer-based sensors were fitted on 48 lactation dairy cows to record behaviour and heavy breathing from late spring to late summer. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated from measurements of 8 barn sensors. We found that, above a THI of 84, cows in advanced pregnancy (>90 days) spent more time breathing heavily and less time eating and in low activity than other cows, while cows in early pregnancy (≤90 days) spent less time breathing heavily, more time eating and in low activity. Cows with 3+ lactations showed less time breathing heavily and in high activity and more time ruminating and in low activity than cows with fewer lactations. Although lactation stage interacted significantly with THI on time spent breathing heavily, ruminating, eating, and in low activity, there was no clear indication at which lactation stage cows were more sensitive to heat. These findings show that cow factors affect the cow's physiological and behavioural response to heat, which could be used to provide group-specific heat abatement strategies, thereby improving heat stress management.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Cattle; Animals; Parity; Hot Temperature; Lactation; Temperature; Humidity; Accelerometry; Milk
PubMed: 37246987
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02496-2 -
Nursing Open Sep 2021This study aimed to provide comprehensive information about the core determinants of fertility intentions. (Review)
Review
AIM
This study aimed to provide comprehensive information about the core determinants of fertility intentions.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHODS
Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were searched for the relevant articles published from 1946-December 2017. We updated our records by searching three computerized databases (Ovid MEDLINE, SCOPUS and WOS) from 2018-January 2021.
RESULTS
53 studies included in the qualitative synthesis. The results of some studies indicated the impact of demographic factors, physical and psychological health, happiness and child desire. The most frequent variables in a couple's mesosystem were marital status, parity, partnership satisfaction and gender role attitude. The mesosystem of childbearing intention also included family and peers network. The EXEO system of the ECSM includes certain variables, such as job characteristics, urban residence, housing condition. The macrosystem comprises cultural and societal principles with broader influences on the couple's system.
Topics: Child; Female; Fertility; Humans; Intention; Marital Status; Parity; Personal Satisfaction; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33705606
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.849 -
The Kurume Medical Journal Jul 2023Parity is related to breast cancer in various ways. Its effects on the development of breast cancer are not independent and should be investigated at the same time as...
BACKGROUND
Parity is related to breast cancer in various ways. Its effects on the development of breast cancer are not independent and should be investigated at the same time as other reproductive factors. The association between parity and stage and type of breast cancer receptor was studied.
METHODS
Parity was established for 75 patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer and 45 patients with ER-negative breast cancer. The stages of breast cancer were also determined.
RESULTS
Breast cancer was found to have an association with high parity (≥ 3 parities). Significantly, most patients were diagnosed with stage II breast cancer, and this was especially frequent in patients with high parity. Stage IIB was most common, particularly among those 40-49 years old. ER-positive and ER-negative stage II breast cancer were both common among patients with high parity.
CONCLUSION
Breast cancer, particularly at stage II, is associated with high parity. Parity is also associated with type of breast cancer, based on estrogen receptor category. This finding supports the recommendation that breast cancer should be screened in women with a high parity. Increased births should be considered a risk factor particularly for stage II breast cancer independent of cancer type.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Parity; Breast Neoplasms; Receptors, Estrogen; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37100604
DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.MS682013 -
Fertility and Sterility May 2015Much empirical work suggests an association between fertility patterns and longevity. I review this association, focusing on natural fertility populations and... (Review)
Review
Much empirical work suggests an association between fertility patterns and longevity. I review this association, focusing on natural fertility populations and emphasizing the role of both the timing and the intensity of fertility. Overall, it appears that although age at last reproduction routinely correlates with post-reproductive longevity, suggesting a slower rate of senescence among late fertile women, the same is not true for age at first reproduction and parity. I discuss some of the conceptual and methodologic issues, as well as the sources of the biases, that have been a persistent feature of this body of research. I conclude by suggesting avenues of research that could be initiated or pursued in the area.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Female; Fertility; Humans; Longevity; Maternal Age; Menarche; Menopause; Middle Aged; Parity; Pregnancy; Time Factors
PubMed: 25934597
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.03.030 -
BMC Public Health Mar 2023As reported, hypertension (HTN) plays a leading role in explaining mortality worldwide, but it still has many confounding factors. This study explored whether the number...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
As reported, hypertension (HTN) plays a leading role in explaining mortality worldwide, but it still has many confounding factors. This study explored whether the number of parity and age matters for HTN among couples from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).
METHODS
This study was conducted on 2851 couples from TLGS. All the variables were collected based on the standard protocol. The participants were categorized into four and five categories according to the number of parity (childless, one, two, three, or more parities) and age (18-30y, 30-40y, 40-50y, 50-60y, and 60-70y), respectively. Spline regression models via log link function for the binary outcome and linear link function for continuous outcomes were applied to evaluate the effect of interaction term age and parity categories on the desired outcome.
RESULTS
Among the total of 2851 pairs, 2.3% had no child, 9.5% had 1 child, 38.4% had 2 children, and 49.8% had ≥ 3 children. The adjusted risk (95% CI) of HTN in females aged 40-50y with 1 child, 2 and ≥ 3 children compared to no child were 1.14(1.04, 1.26), 1.05(1.01, 1.10), 1.12(1.07, 1.17), respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, in those aged 50-60y with 2 and ≥ 3 children, the risk of HTN significantly increased by 4%. In females aged 60-70y with ≥ 3 children compared to those without children, the risk of HTN increased by 2%. For males aged 30-40y with 2 children compared to the no child group, the adjusted risk of HTN increased by 17%, while for those with ≥ 3 children in the same age group, this risk significantly decreased by 13%. Moreover, in males aged 30-40y with 2 children, risk ratio of HTN increased by 17%, but in males with ≥ 3 children, it decreased by 13% and in those in the same groups but aged 40-50y the risk increased by 6% and 11%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that gender, childlessness, having one child, and multi-parity had different impacts on HTN. Further research is needed to confirm our findings.
Topics: Male; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Glucose; Risk Factors; Parity; Iran; Hypertension; Lipids
PubMed: 36907869
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15397-1 -
PM & R : the Journal of Injury,... Feb 2021Postpartum women are at increased risk for lower limb musculoskeletal disorders. Foot arch collapse following pregnancy has been reported as a mechanism for this...
BACKGROUND
Postpartum women are at increased risk for lower limb musculoskeletal disorders. Foot arch collapse following pregnancy has been reported as a mechanism for this increased risk. However, dynamic changes during gait in postpartum women have not been reported. Therefore, we assessed the association between parity and dynamic foot pronation during gait.
OBJECTIVE
To determine (1) if there is an association between parity and dynamic foot pronation (center of pressure excursion index, CPEI) during gait; and (2) the extent to which there is a dose-effect of parity on foot pronation.
DESIGN
The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) Study is a longitudinal cohort study of adults with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis (OA).
SETTING
Two communities in the United States, Birmingham, Alabama and Iowa City, Iowa.
INTERVENTIONS
Not applicable PARTICIPANTS: A population-based sample of 1177 MOST participants who were female, had complete CPEI and parity data and completed the baseline, 30- and 60-month visits.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Odds of a one quintile decrease in CPEI by parity group and mean CPEI by parity group.
RESULTS
In 1177 women, mean age was 67.7 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.6 kg/m . As parity increased, there was significantly greater foot pronation, lower mean CPEI: 19.1 (18.2-20.1), 18.9 (18.4-19.4), 18 (17.5-18.6) to 17.5 (16.4-18.6) in the 0 to 4 and >5 children groups, respectively; (P = .002), which remained significant after adjusting for race and clinic site (P = .005). There was a positive linear trend (β = 1.08, 1.03-1.14) in odds ratios of a one quintile decrease in CPEI (greater pronation) with increasing parity level (P = .004), which remained significant after adjusting for race and clinic site (P = .01). After adjusting for age and BMI, these two associations were no longer statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates a positive correlation between parity and greater dynamic pronation of the feet.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Foot; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Parity; Pregnancy; Pronation; United States
PubMed: 32281293
DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12381 -
Gut Microbes Dec 2023Dysregulation of maternal adaptations to pregnancy due to high pre-pregnancy BMI (pBMI) or excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with worsened health...
Dysregulation of maternal adaptations to pregnancy due to high pre-pregnancy BMI (pBMI) or excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with worsened health outcomes for mothers and children. Whether the gut microbiome contributes to these adaptations is unclear. We longitudinally investigated the impact of pBMI and GWG on the pregnant gut microbiome. We show that the gut microbiota of participants with higher pBMI changed less over the course of pregnancy in primiparous but not multiparous participants. This suggests that previous pregnancies may have persistent impacts on maternal adaptations to pregnancy. This ecological memory appears to be passed on to the next generation, as parity modulated the impact of maternal GWG on the infant gut microbiome. This work supports a role of the gut microbiome in maternal adaptations to pregnancy and highlights the need for longitudinal sampling and accounting for parity as key considerations for studies of the microbiome in pregnancy and infants. Understanding how these factors contribute to and shape maternal health is essential for the development of interventions impacting the microbiome, including pre/probiotics.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant; Child; Humans; Gestational Weight Gain; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Body Mass Index; Weight Gain; Parity
PubMed: 37811749
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2259316 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2019Parity is associated with the incidence of problems in pregnancy, delivery and the puerperium. The influence of parity in the postpartum period has been poorly studied...
Parity is associated with the incidence of problems in pregnancy, delivery and the puerperium. The influence of parity in the postpartum period has been poorly studied and the results are incongruous. The objective of this study was to identify the association between parity and the existence of distinct discomfort and problems during the postpartum period. Cross-sectional study with puerperal women in Spain. Data was collected on demographic and obstetric variables and maternal manifestations of discomfort and problems during the postpartum period. An ad hoc online questionnaire was used. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression. 1503 primiparous and 1487 multiparous participated in the study. 53.4% (803) of the primiparous women affirmed to have feelings of sadness, as opposed to 36.2% (539) of multiparous women (aOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.35-1.89). 48.3% (726) of primiparous had lactation problems vs 24.7% (367) of multiparous (aOR: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.05-2.94). 37.2% (559) of primiparous reported anxiety, while the percentage in multiparous was 25.7% (382) (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12-1.61). 22.2% (333) of primiparous had depressive symptoms, and 11.6% (172) of multiparous (aOR: 1.65; CI 95%: 1.31-2.06). Faecal incontinence was more present in primiparous than in multiparous, 6.5% (97) and 3.3% (49) respectively (aOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.07-2.38). Parity is associated with the presence of certain problems in the postpartum period. Thus, primiparous are more likely to have lactation problems, depressive symptoms, anxiety, sadness, and faecal incontinence.
Topics: Anxiety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Fecal Incontinence; Female; Humans; Lactation; Parity; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Sadness; Spain
PubMed: 31409871
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47881-3 -
Placenta Jan 2022The weight of the placenta can be indicative of efficacy in nutrient and oxygen supply. Furthermore, it has been suggested that a measure of the placenta's ability to...
INTRODUCTION
The weight of the placenta can be indicative of efficacy in nutrient and oxygen supply. Furthermore, it has been suggested that a measure of the placenta's ability to adequately supply nutrients to the fetus can be found in the relationship between birth weight and placental weight expressed as a ratio. Our aim was to develop age adjusted placenta weight and birth weight to placenta weight ratio reference curves that are stratified by maternal parity and fetal sex.
METHODS
We included singleton, non-anomalous births with a gestational age inclusive of 28 + 0 weeks to 42 + 6 weeks. Excluded were pregnancies of multiplicity, fetuses with congenital abnormalities, stillbirths and pregnancies that had placental complications (ie placenta previa or abruption). Generalised additive model for location, shape and scale (GAMLSS) was used to fit reference curves.
RESULTS
We stratified 97,882 pregnancies by maternal nulliparity status and fetal sex. Extensive assessment model goodness-of-fit showed appropriate modeling and accurate fit to the four parameters of distribution. Our results show accurate model fit of the reference curves to the data. We demonstrated that the influence that parity has on the placenta weight is far greater than that exerted by fetal sex, and that the difference is dependent on gestational age.
DISCUSSION
This is the largest presentation of age and parity adjusted placenta weight and feto-placental weight ratio reference ranges to date. The difference observed between nulliparous and multiparous pregnancies could be explained by biological memory and the remnants of maternal endo-myometrial vascularity after the first pregnancy.
Topics: Birth Weight; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Norway; Organ Size; Parity; Placenta; Placentation; Pregnancy; Reference Values; Sex Factors
PubMed: 34773745
DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.10.011