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Annals of Palliative Medicine Jun 2021Actinomycosis of the parotid gland is very rare. We sought to examine the clinical features, treatment methods, and treatment results of actinomycosis of the parotid...
BACKGROUND
Actinomycosis of the parotid gland is very rare. We sought to examine the clinical features, treatment methods, and treatment results of actinomycosis of the parotid gland in our hospital.
METHODS
We retrospectively enrolled 5 patients with histopathologically identified actinomycosis of the parotid gland from January 2010 to May 2020.
RESULTS
This study included 3 male and 2 female subjects. All patients had a common complaint of the mass in the parotid gland. Skin necrosis was observed in one patient. However, skin necrosis and fistula track occurred in the other 2 patients after fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Based on the result of FNAC two cases of inflammation and abscess were identified. Four patients with suspicion of parotid tumors before surgery underwent parotidectomy, and one patient with consideration of parotid abscess underwent incision and drainage. After surgery, intravenous administration of antibiotics was performed for an average of 6 days and oral antibiotics were prescribed for about 2 months for patients with actinomycosis of the parotid gland.
CONCLUSIONS
In case of skin necrosis of the parotid lesion without evidence of a malignant tumor, or if FNAC does not reveal the presence of cancerous cells, and fistula tract or skin necrosis occurs after the FNAC, then actinomycosis of the parotid gland should be suspected. If the actinomycosis of the parotid gland was localized to the parotid gland and removed surgically, it would be sufficient to treat the patients with antibiotics for about 2 months while observing the clinical response.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Female; Humans; Male; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 33977749
DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-755 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Sep 2017
Topics: Branchioma; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Parotid Gland
PubMed: 28395960
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2017.03.004 -
International Journal of Oral Science Aug 2019The principle of modern oncological surgery is to conserve the functional organs or tissues as much as possible based on eradication of the tumour. For salivary gland... (Review)
Review
The principle of modern oncological surgery is to conserve the functional organs or tissues as much as possible based on eradication of the tumour. For salivary gland tumours, conservative and functional salivary surgery, including partial sialoadenectomy as well as anatomical and functional preservation of the facial nerve, great auricular nerve, superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS), and Stensen's duct, has become increasingly popular. In the present review, we discuss the following aspects of conservative and functional surgery in the treatment of salivary gland tumours: (i) partial superficial parotidectomy (PP) to treat benign parotid gland tumours, (ii) modification of surgical incisions to improve cosmetic results, (iii) modification of the surgical approach to decrease complications, (iv) extracardial dissection to treat benign superficial parotid tumours, (v) partial sialoadenectomy to treat benign submandibular gland tumours, and (vi) I brachytherapy to preserve facial nerves. The majority of the operated parotid or submandibular glands are preserved, and surgical complications are also decreased. Conservative and functional surgery plays a significant role in maintaining normal salivary gland function and in improving patients' quality of life during the treatment of salivary gland tumours and thus should be further promoted.
Topics: Conservative Treatment; Humans; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Submandibular Gland; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 31413317
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0059-9 -
Journal of Dental Research Dec 2019The salivary complex of mammals consists of 3 major pairs of glands: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. While the 3 glands share similar functional...
The salivary complex of mammals consists of 3 major pairs of glands: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. While the 3 glands share similar functional properties, such as saliva secretion, their differences are largely based on the types of secretions they produce. While recent studies have begun to shed light on the underlying molecular differences among the glands, few have examined the global transcriptional repertoire over various stages of gland maturation. To better elucidate the molecular nature of the parotid gland, we have performed RNA sequencing to generate comprehensive and global gene expression profiles of this gland at different stages of maturation. Our transcriptomic characterization and hierarchical clustering analysis with adult organ RNA sequencing data sets has identified a number of molecular players and pathways that are relevant for parotid gland biology. Moreover, our detailed analysis has revealed a unique parotid gland-specific gene signature that may represent important players that could impart parotid gland-specific biological properties. To complement our transcriptomic studies, we have performed single-cell RNA sequencing to map the transcriptomes of parotid epithelial cells. Interrogation of the single-cell transcriptomes revealed the degree of molecular and cellular heterogeneity of the various epithelial cell types within the parotid gland. Moreover, we uncovered a mixed-lineage population of cells that may reflect molecular priming of differentiation potentials. Overall our comprehensive studies provide a powerful tool for the discovery of novel molecular players important in parotid gland biology.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Parotid Gland; Single-Cell Analysis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 31623513
DOI: 10.1177/0022034519882355 -
The Journal of International Medical... Dec 2018This study was performed to analyze the clinical management of accessory parotid gland (APG) cancer and possible risk factors for disease-related death.
OBJECTIVE
This study was performed to analyze the clinical management of accessory parotid gland (APG) cancer and possible risk factors for disease-related death.
METHODS
Patients diagnosed with primary APG cancers in the largest medical center in Northeast China were enrolled from January 1990 to December 2016.
RESULTS
All 43 patients underwent resection of the tumors and superficial parotid gland by a standard Blair incision. Seven (16.3%) patients also required selective neck dissection. The most common lesion was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Temporary facial paralysis occurred in 11 (25.6%) patients, and permanent facial paralysis occurred in 3 (7.0%) patients because of surgical resection of the facial nerve, which was involved with the tumor. The 5- and 10-year disease-specific survival rates were 86.0% and 66.0%, respectively. The tumor stage, neck status, neck dissection, and tumor grade were significantly associated with disease-related death, but only the tumor grade was an independent risk factor.
CONCLUSION
Superficial parotidectomy is a reliable surgical procedure associated with a high survival rate and low morbidity in treating APG cancers. The tumor grade is the key prognostic factor.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Disease Management; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 30289052
DOI: 10.1177/0300060518767792 -
Cancer Cytopathology Jun 2022Mesenchymal neoplasms of the parotid gland (PG) and para-pharyngeal (PP) space are distinctly uncommon. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy experience with nonlipomatous... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mesenchymal neoplasms of the parotid gland (PG) and para-pharyngeal (PP) space are distinctly uncommon. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy experience with nonlipomatous neoplasms from this site is reviewed.
METHODS
Cytopathology and surgical pathology files were examined for mesenchymal PG and PP space neoplasms. FNA biopsy was performed using standard technique.
RESULTS
Twenty-two PG and/or PP aspirates from 20 adults (male:female = 1.1:1; age range, 19-84 years, mean age, 50 years) and a 10-week-old infant met inclusion criteria. Biopsy sites included PG (17, 77%) or PP space (5, 23%). Five of 6 malignant neoplasms (83%) were called malignant cytologically. Only 7 of 11 (63%) benign neoplasms were recognized as a benign neoplasm. None of 5 solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) cases were correctly recognized. Conversion to the Milan classification showed 8 (36%) FNA cases diagnosed as benign neoplasm, 6 (27%) malignant neoplasm, 4 (18%) neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, 2 (9%) nondiagnostic, and single cases of suspicious for malignancy and nonneoplastic. There was 1 false-positive and no false-negative FNA diagnoses. Ancillary testing in 10 (45%) aspirates helped substantiate a correct specific diagnosis in 3 malignant and 3 benign cases.
CONCLUSIONS
FNA biopsy of nonlipomatous mesenchymal SG neoplasms is particularly challenging. Less than half (9 of 11, 41%) had specific FNA diagnoses that correctly matched the tissue diagnoses or clinical outcome. Accurate Milan categorization was superior for malignant neoplasms (5 of 6, 83%) in contrast to benign neoplasms (7 of 11, 63%), or neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential (SFT) (2 of 5, 40%).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Parapharyngeal Space; Parotid Gland; Retrospective Studies; Solitary Fibrous Tumors; Young Adult
PubMed: 35195952
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22562 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) May 2022The involvement of salivary glands in primary SS (pSS) can be assessed in different ways: histopathology, salivary flow and ultrasonography. To understand the relative...
OBJECTIVE
The involvement of salivary glands in primary SS (pSS) can be assessed in different ways: histopathology, salivary flow and ultrasonography. To understand the relative value of these different approaches, it is crucial to understand the relationship between them. As we routinely perform these three modalities in the parotid gland for disease evaluation, our aim was to investigate the construct validity between these modalities in one and the same gland.
METHODS
Consecutive sicca patients underwent a multidisciplinary diagnostic workup including parotid gland biopsy, collection of parotid gland-specific saliva and parotid gland ultrasonography. Patients who were classified as pSS according to the ACR-EULAR criteria were included. Construct validity was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients.
RESULTS
The 41 included pSS patients completed a full workup within a mean time interval of 2.6 months. Correlations between histopathological features and stimulated parotid salivary flow were fair (ρ = -0.123 for focus score and ρ = -0.259 for percentage of CD45+ infiltrate). Likewise, poor correlations were observed between stimulated parotid salivary flow and parotid ultrasonography (ρ = -0.196). Moderate to good associations were found between the histopathological items focus score and the percentage of CD45+ infiltrate, with parotid US scores (total US score: ρ = 0.510 and ρ = 0.560; highest for homogeneity: ρ = 0.574 and ρ = 0.633).
CONCLUSION
Although pSS-associated ultrasonographic findings did correlate with histopathological features, the three modalities that evaluate salivary gland involvement assess different (or at best partly related) constructs. Therefore histopathology, salivary flow and ultrasonography are complementary measurements and cannot directly replace each other in the workup of pSS.
Topics: Humans; Parotid Gland; Saliva; Salivary Glands; Sjogren's Syndrome; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34672336
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab781 -
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2017To investigate the expression and correlation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bax in the parotid gland after leading duct ligation in rat.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the expression and correlation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bax in the parotid gland after leading duct ligation in rat.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Atrophy of the right parotid was induced by ligating the right Stensen's duct of rats. Immunohistochemical labeling was performed to study the changes in number and distribution of Bcl-2 and Bax in each step of glandular atrophy, and every group at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90, 150, 180 days after ligation.
RESULTS
Bcl-2 and Bax showed a low level of expression in normal glandular tissues. At different time points after the ligation of the main duct, Bcl-2 was highly expressed in the duct cells, and the absorbance value reached a peak value at 21-day (3.02+0.10). The 1 D expression of Bax was found in some of the cells in the 3 D, and the expression of Bax reached the peak (1.99+0.10), and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were decreased in some cells. Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased at 1 day-21 day, and then decreased and stabilized.
CONCLUSIONS
The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 after ligation of the parotid gland is closely related to the process of the parotid gland atrophy.
Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Ligation; Parotid Gland; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Salivary Ducts; bcl-2-Associated X Protein
PubMed: 29243771
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201712_13914 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Nov 2023Apocrine hidrocystoma is a cystic tumor originating from apocrine sweat glands. It is predominantly located in the eyelid margins. Here, we report a case of apocrine...
Apocrine hidrocystoma is a cystic tumor originating from apocrine sweat glands. It is predominantly located in the eyelid margins. Here, we report a case of apocrine hidrocystoma of the parotid gland in a 19-year-old man who was referred to our outpatient clinic with a 5-year history of a gradual swelling in the left parotid region. The patient underwent left superficial parotidectomy. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of apocrine hidrocystoma. The case is original by the tumor's location: to the best of our knowledge, this could be the first case in English and French literature reporting an apocrine hidrocystoma affecting the parotid gland. The purpose of this article is to report our case and discuss its clinical and anatomopathological features as well as its differential diagnoses.
Topics: Male; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Hidrocystoma; Parotid Gland; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; Eyelids; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 34219505
DOI: 10.1177/01455613211031028 -
European Archives of... Nov 2018A preoperative cytologic or histologic diagnosis of parotid gland neoplasms is mandatory to decide which surgical procedure would be appropriate. Open biopsies are...
A preoperative cytologic or histologic diagnosis of parotid gland neoplasms is mandatory to decide which surgical procedure would be appropriate. Open biopsies are contraindicated because of the risk of recurrence secondary to tumour cell seeding; furthermore a subsequent curative parotid surgery can be complicated by a previous open biopsy. While fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was the only preoperative diagnostic procedure to distinguish benign versus malignant neoplasms over the past decades, core needle biopsy (CNB) has been increasingly used over the last few years. This created a debate as to whether FNAC or CNB should be the preoperative procedure of choice. The focus of this editorial is to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of FNAC and CNB, and to discuss which procedure is more appropriate in the preoperative work-up of parotid neoplasms.
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle; Humans; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 30238310
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5131-0