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Frontiers in Immunology 2018Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease.... (Review)
Review
Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease. Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various adverse effects have been reported. The majority of these events, such as flushing, headache, malaise, fever, chills, fatigue and lethargy, are transient and mild. However, some rare side effects, including renal impairment, thrombosis, arrhythmia, aseptic meningitis, hemolytic anemia, and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), are serious. These adverse effects are associated with specific immunoglobulin preparations and individual differences. Performing an early assessment of risk factors, infusing at a slow rate, premedicating, and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. Adverse effects are rarely disabling or fatal, treatment mainly involves supportive measures, and the majority of affected patients have a good prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Incidence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29951056
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01299 -
Vaccine Oct 2019
Topics: Global Health; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Rabies; Vaccination
PubMed: 31564303
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.050 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Apr 2022Current immune treatment directed to avoid viral replication relies mainly in convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). No clinical benefit for convalescent... (Review)
Review
Current immune treatment directed to avoid viral replication relies mainly in convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). No clinical benefit for convalescent plasma has been reported in a meta-analysis and systematic review compared to standard of care. MAbs are recombinant proteins capable to bind with SARS-CoV-2 preventing its entrance into cells. Several mAbs have shown reduction in viral load and/or progression of the disease such as casirivimab-imdevimab, bamlanivimab-etesevimab and sotrovimab. After the apparition of Omicron variant, it has been reported that sotrovimab retained its activity whereas the other two combinations exhibited loss of neutralizing activity. Several aspects as the target population, timing and doses, serological patient status and evolution of variants still require attention, monitorization and further studies for knowledge gaps.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Membrane Glycoproteins; Neutralization Tests; SARS-CoV-2; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Viral Envelope Proteins; COVID-19 Serotherapy; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35488829
DOI: 10.37201/req/s01.14.2022 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Mar 2021The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a rapid search for therapeutic and preventive measures because of the potentially severe course of infection. The... (Review)
Review
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a rapid search for therapeutic and preventive measures because of the potentially severe course of infection. The antiviral drug, remdesivir, and the anti-inflammatory agent, dexamethasone, have shown beneficial effects. As the current COVID-19 vaccines are not yet fully available to everyone, or they may not be readily and universally accepted, various treatment options are being evaluated and will still be needed under these conditions. One of these treatment options, passive immunization, has shown promise in some studies. Further research is needed to determine the utility of immunotherapy with convalescent plasma or artificially produced monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of symptomatic patients, and potentially for use as post-exposure prophylaxis, at least until more effective drugs are available or safe and effective vaccines are distributed and administered to everyone.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 33400975
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106275 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Apr 2022The vagina is an excellent site for topical passive immunization, as access is relatively easy, and it is an enclosed space that has been shown to retain bioactive...
The vagina is an excellent site for topical passive immunization, as access is relatively easy, and it is an enclosed space that has been shown to retain bioactive antibodies for several hours. A number of sexually transmitted infections could potentially be prevented by delivery of specific monoclonal antibodies to the vagina. Furthermore, our group is developing antisperm antibodies for vaginally delivered on-demand topical contraception. In this article, we describe physical features of the vagina that could play a role in antibody deployment, and antibody modifications that could affect mAb retention and function in the female reproductive tract. We also review results of recent Phase 1 clinical trials of vaginal passive immunization with antibodies against sexually transmitted pathogens, and describe our current studies on the use of anti-sperm mAbs for contraception.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Female; Humans; Immunization; Immunization, Passive; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Vagina
PubMed: 34473605
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1965423 -
Biomolecules Jan 2022Alpha-synucleinopathies include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy. These are all progressive... (Review)
Review
Alpha-synucleinopathies include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy. These are all progressive neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by pathological misfolding and accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein (αsyn) in neurons, axons or glial cells in the brain, but also in other organs. The abnormal accumulation and propagation of pathogenic αsyn across the autonomic connectome is associated with progressive loss of neurons in the brain and peripheral organs, resulting in motor and non-motor symptoms. To date, no cure is available for synucleinopathies, and therapy is limited to symptomatic treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms upon diagnosis. Recent advances using passive immunization that target different αsyn structures show great potential to block disease progression in rodent studies of synucleinopathies. However, passive immunotherapy in clinical trials has been proven safe but less effective than in preclinical conditions. Here we review current achievements of passive immunotherapy in animal models of synucleinopathies. Furthermore, we propose new research strategies to increase translational outcome in patient studies, (1) by using antibodies against immature conformations of pathogenic αsyn (monomers, post-translationally modified monomers, oligomers and protofibrils) and (2) by focusing treatment on body-first synucleinopathies where damage in the brain is still limited and effective immunization could potentially stop disease progression by blocking the spread of pathogenic αsyn from peripheral organs to the brain.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Lewy Bodies; Models, Animal; Synucleinopathies; alpha-Synuclein
PubMed: 35204668
DOI: 10.3390/biom12020168 -
Blood Jul 2022As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to a global health crisis, there were limited treatment options and no prophylactic therapies for those exposed to...
As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to a global health crisis, there were limited treatment options and no prophylactic therapies for those exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Convalescent plasma is quick to implement, potentially provides benefits, and has a good safety profile. The therapeutic potential of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is likely mediated by antibodies through direct viral neutralization and Fc-dependent functions such as a phagocytosis, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In the United States, CCP became one of the most common treatments with more than a half million units transfused despite limited efficacy data. More than a dozen randomized trials now demonstrate that CCP does not provide benefit for those hospitalized with moderate to severe disease. However, similar to other passive antibody therapies, CCP is beneficial for early disease when provided to elderly outpatients within 72 hours after symptom onset. Only high-titer CCP should be transfused. CCP should also be considered for immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19. CCP collected in proximity, by time and location, to the patient may be more beneficial because of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additional randomized trial data are still accruing and should be incorporated with other trial data to optimize CCP indications.
Topics: Aged; Antibodies, Viral; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; United States; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 34695186
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012248 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022COVID-19 is highly contagious and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It spreads by means of respiratory droplets and close contact with... (Review)
Review
COVID-19 is highly contagious and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It spreads by means of respiratory droplets and close contact with infected persons. With the progression of disease, numerous complications develop, particularly among persons with chronic illnesses. Pathological investigations indicate that it affects multiple organs and can induce acute respiratory distress syndrome. Prevention is vital and self-isolation is the best means of containing this virus. Good community health practices like maintaining sufficient distance from other people, wearing protective face masks and regular hand washing should be adopted. Convalescent plasma transfusion and the administration of the antiviral Remdesivir have been found to be effective. Vaccines offer lifesaving protecting against COVID-19 which has killed millions and our best bet for staying safe. Screening, suppression/containment as well as mitigation are the strategies implemented for controlling COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination is essential to end the COVID-19 pandemic and everyone should have an access to them. The current COVID-19 pandemic brought the global economy to a standstill and has exacted an enormous human and financial toll.
Topics: Blood Component Transfusion; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Pandemics; Plasma; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 35602161
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.778037 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2019
Topics: Hepatitis; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunotherapy; Influenza, Human; Meningococcal Infections; Pneumococcal Infections; Vaccines
PubMed: 30794094
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1571854 -
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical... Dec 2021To provide an update of the current state of antibody therapy for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection that has progressed immensely in a very short... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To provide an update of the current state of antibody therapy for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection that has progressed immensely in a very short time period.
RECENT FINDINGS
Limited clinical effect of classical passive immunotherapy (plasma therapy, hyperimmune immunoglobulin [IgG] preparations) whereas monoclonal antibody therapy, if initiated early in the disease process, shows promising results.
SUMMARY
Although antibody therapy still remains to be fully explored in patients with COVID-19, a combination of IgG monoclonal antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein currently appears to provide the best form of antibody therapy, Immunoglobulin A dimers and Immunoglobulin M pentamers also show promising preliminary therapeutic results.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; COVID-19; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; SARS-CoV-2; Treatment Outcome; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 34570010
DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000787