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European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Mar 2021Apart from cases related to direct inoculation, pasteurellosis is a rare opportunistic infection occurring in predisposed subjects. Close contact with domestic animals,...
INTRODUCTION
Apart from cases related to direct inoculation, pasteurellosis is a rare opportunistic infection occurring in predisposed subjects. Close contact with domestic animals, usually cats, is generally reported. Localized ENT forms are possible and are due to oropharyngeal carriage.
CASE REPORT
We present the case of a patient with no notable history, who presented with laryngeal dyspnea and hyperthermia leading to a diagnosis of acute epiglottitis. Bacteremia was detected and blood cultures were positive for Pasteurella multocida. Treatment consisted of the standard treatment for acute epiglottitis with hospitalisation and intravenous antibiotics.
DISCUSSION
This patient presented a history of animal exposure, but no other known risk factors. The activity spectrum of antibiotic therapy for epiglottitis should include H. influenzae and this case illustrates the diversity of the micro-organisms potentially involved. Immunosuppression or another chronic disease does not appear to be a prerequisite for ENT infection.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Cats; Epiglottitis; Humans; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella multocida
PubMed: 32600824
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2020.06.008 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Feb 2018
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Mannheimia; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma bovis; Pasteurella multocida; Red Meat; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 29346052
DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.3.291 -
Toxins Aug 2017is a heterogeneous species that is a primary pathogen of many different vertebrates. This Gram-negative bacterium can cause a range of diseases, including fowl cholera... (Review)
Review
is a heterogeneous species that is a primary pathogen of many different vertebrates. This Gram-negative bacterium can cause a range of diseases, including fowl cholera in birds, haemorrhagic septicaemia in ungulates, atrophic rhinitis in swine, and lower respiratory tract infections in cattle and pigs. One of the primary virulence factors of is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recent work has shown that this crucial surface molecule shows significant structural variability across different strains, with many producing LPS structures that are highly similar to the carbohydrate component of host glycoproteins. It is likely that this LPS mimicry of host molecules plays a major role in the survival of in certain host niches. LPS also plays a significant role in resisting the action of chicken cathelicidins, and is a strong stimulator of host immune responses. The inflammatory response to the endotoxic lipid A component is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of certain infections. Recent work has shown that vaccines containing killed bacteria give protection only against other strains with identical, or nearly identical, surface LPS structures. Conversely, live attenuated vaccines give protection that is broadly protective, and their efficacy is independent of LPS structure.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Chickens; Lipopolysaccharides; Pasteurella multocida
PubMed: 28825691
DOI: 10.3390/toxins9080254 -
PloS One 2021Pasteurella multocida is a bacterial pathogen with the ability to infect a multitude of hosts including humans, companion animals, livestock, and wildlife. This study...
Pasteurella multocida is a bacterial pathogen with the ability to infect a multitude of hosts including humans, companion animals, livestock, and wildlife. This study used bioinformatic approaches to explore the genomic diversity of 656 P. multocida isolates and epidemiological associations between host factors and specific genotypes. Isolates included in this study originated from a variety of hosts, including poultry, cattle, swine, rabbits, rodents, and humans, from five different continents. Multi-locus sequence typing identified 69 different sequence types. In-silico methodology for determining capsular serogroup was developed, validated, and applied to all genome sequences, whereby capsular serogroups A, B, D, and F were found. Whole genome phylogeny was constructed from 237,670 core single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and demonstrated an overall lack of host or capsular serogroup specificity, with the exception of isolates from bovine sources. Specific SNVs within the srlB gene were identified in P. multocida subsp. septica genomes, representing specific mutations that may be useful for differentiating one of the three known subspecies. Significant associations were identified between capsular serogroup and virulence factors, including capsular serogroup A and OmpH1, OmpH3, PlpE, and PfhB1; capsular serogroup B and HgbA and PtfA; and capsular serogroup F and PtfA and PlpP. Various mobile genetic elements were identified including those similar to ICEPmu1, ICEhin1056, and IncQ1 plasmids, all of which harbored multiple antimicrobial resistance-encoding genes. Additional analyses were performed on a subset of 99 isolates obtained from turkeys during fowl cholera outbreaks from a single company which revealed that multiple strains of P. multocida were circulating during the outbreak, instead of a single, highly virulent clone. This study further demonstrates the extensive genomic diversity of P. multocida, provides epidemiological context to the various genotyping schemes that have traditionally been used for differentiating isolates, and introduces additional tools for P. multocida molecular typing.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; DNA Transposable Elements; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella multocida; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Poultry Diseases; Serogroup; Turkeys; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33822782
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249138 -
Glycobiology Oct 2023Pasteurella multocida, an encapsulated gram-negative bacterium, is a significant veterinary pathogen. The P. multocida is classified into 5 serogroups (A, B, D, E, and...
Pasteurella multocida, an encapsulated gram-negative bacterium, is a significant veterinary pathogen. The P. multocida is classified into 5 serogroups (A, B, D, E, and F) based on the bacterial capsular polysaccharide (CPS), which is important for virulence. Serogroups B and E are the primary causative agents of bovine hemorrhagic septicemia that is associated with significant yearly losses of livestock worldwide, primarily in low- and middle-income countries. The P. multocida disease is currently managed by whole-cell vaccination, albeit with limited efficacy. CPS is an attractive antigen target for an improved vaccine: CPS-based vaccines have proven highly effective against human bacterial diseases and could provide longer-term protection against P. multocida. The recently elucidated CPS repeat units of serogroups B and E both comprise a N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminuronic acid/N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine disaccharide backbone with β-D-fructofuranose (Fruf) side chain, but differ in their glycosidic linkages, and a glycine (Gly) side chain in serogroup B. Interestingly, the Haemophilus influenzae types e and d CPS have the same backbone residues. Here, comparative modeling of P. multocida serogroups B and E and H. influenzae types e and d CPS identifies a significant impact of small structural differences on both the chain conformation and the exposed potential antibody-binding epitopes (Ep). Further, Fruf and/or Gly side chains shield the immunogenic amino-sugar CPS backbone-a possible common strategy for immune evasion in both P. multocida and H. influenzae. As the lack of common epitopes suggests limited potential for cross-reactivity, a bivalent CPS-based vaccine may be necessary to provide adequate protection against P. multocida types B and E.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Humans; Pasteurella multocida; Pasteurella Infections; Polysaccharides; Vaccines; Epitopes
PubMed: 37334939
DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad049 -
PloS One 2023Acquired zoonotic infections with Pasteurella bacterial species have a wide clinical spectrum of disease from invasive infections to localised bite-wound infections.
BACKGROUND
Acquired zoonotic infections with Pasteurella bacterial species have a wide clinical spectrum of disease from invasive infections to localised bite-wound infections.
METHODS
This study reviewed the spectrum of the demographic, clinical, temporal, and microbiological trends of laboratory confirmed Pasteurella species infections presenting to a single-centre tropical tertiary hospital over a twenty-year period.
RESULTS
195 episodes from 190 patients were included. 51.3% patients were female, and 20.5% Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander peoples. Crude incidence of Pasteurella spp. infections increased from 1.5 per 100,000 population in 2000, to 11.4 per 100,000 population in 2021. There were 22 (11.3%) bloodstream infections, 22 (11.3%) invasive, 34 (17.4%) deep local, 98 (50.2%) superficial infections, and 19 (9.7%) other or unknown. Adults over 65 years of age accounted for the majority of bacteraemias (63.7%). More severe infections, including bacteraemia, invasive and deep local infections, were more common in lower limb infections and in those with underlying comorbidities. Animal contact with cats was more common in bloodstream infections (36.4%), but dog bites more common in invasive, deep local and superficial infections. 30-day all-cause mortality was low at 1.0%. Pasteurella multocida was most commonly identified (61.1%), but P. canis, P. dagmatis, and other Pasteurella infections were also noted. 67.7% of specimens were polymicrobial, with other significant organisms being Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Group G Streptococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
CONCLUSION
Pasteurella species remain clinically important pathogens, with the ability to cause severe and invasive infections with associated morbidity. Presentations to hospital are becoming more common, and the polymicrobial nature of bites wounds has implications for empiric antibiotic guidelines.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Dogs; Female; Humans; Male; Bacteremia; Bites and Stings; Canidae; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Sepsis; Streptococcus pyogenes; Tertiary Care Centers; Aged
PubMed: 36719905
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281164 -
Veterinary Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2023Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a respiratory system disease of sheep caused by , and responsible for the low productivity and economic loss resulting from death and...
Isolation and Molecular Detection of and from Clinically Pneumonic Pasteurellosis Cases of Bonga Sheep Breed and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests in Selected Areas of Southwest Ethiopian Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia.
BACKGROUND
Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a respiratory system disease of sheep caused by , and responsible for the low productivity and economic loss resulting from death and treatment costs. This study was conducted to isolate and molecularly detect causative agents and antibiotic susceptibility tests from a nasal swab sample of the Bonga sheep breed that was suspected to have pneumonic pasteurellosis in selected areas of Southwest Ethiopian Peoples Regional State.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study design was used along with purposive sampling of nasal swab samples from sheep that were brought to veterinary clinics during the study period. Bacterial isolation and phenotypic characterization were carried out using microbiological and biochemical tests that followed standard microbiological techniques. To molecularly confirm the isolates, and , species-specific PCR primer genes were used. Using the disc diffusion method, molecularly confirmed isolates were subjected to an in vitro antibiotic susceptibility test.
RESULTS
The 85 samples that were scrutinized had an overall isolation rate of 31.76%, whereas the isolates of and had species compositions of 40.7% and 59.25%, respectively. Overall, 12.5% of the and 18.18% of the species were verified from phenotypical isolates using the species-specific PCR primer genes and , respectively. An in vitro antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out on all four PCR-confirmed isolates for seven commonly used antibiotics used to treat ovine pasteurellosis in the study area. It was found that both bacterial species were resistant to chloramphenicol and penicillin G.
CONCLUSION
Using phenotypic and molecular diagnostic techniques, the results of our current inquiry revealed that and are the causative agents of ovine pneumonic pasteurellosis in the study area.
PubMed: 38162823
DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S435932 -
Vaccine Sep 2022Vaccines are very effective in providing protection against many infectious diseases. However, it has proven difficult to develop highly efficacious vaccines against... (Review)
Review
Vaccines are very effective in providing protection against many infectious diseases. However, it has proven difficult to develop highly efficacious vaccines against some pathogens and so there is a continuing need to improve vaccine technologies. The first successful and widely used vaccines were based on attenuated pathogens (e.g., laboratory passaged Pasteurella multocida to vaccinate against fowl cholera) or closely related non-pathogenic organisms (e.g., cowpox to vaccinate against smallpox). Subsequently, live vaccines, either attenuated pathogens or non-pathogenic microorganisms modified to deliver heterologous antigens, have been successfully used to induce protective immune responses against many pathogens. Unlike conventional killed and subunit vaccines, live vaccines can deliver antigens to mucosal surfaces in a similar manner and context as the natural infection and hence can often produce a more appropriate and protective immune response. Despite these advantages, there is still a need to improve the immunogenicity of some live vaccines. The efficacy of injectable killed and subunit vaccines is usually enhanced using adjuvants such mineral salts, oils, and saponin, but such adjuvants cannot be used with live vaccines. Instead, live vaccines can be engineered to produce immunomodulatory molecules that can stimulate the immune system to induce more robust and long-lasting adaptive immune responses. This review focuses on research that has been undertaken to engineer live vaccines to produce immunomodulatory molecules that act as adjuvants to increase immunogenicity. Adjuvant strategies with varying mechanisms of action (inflammatory, antibody-mediated, cell-mediated) and delivery modes (oral, intramuscular, intranasal) have been investigated, with varying degrees of success. The goal of such research is to define adjuvant strategies that can be adapted to enhance live vaccine efficacy by triggering strong innate and adaptive immune responses and produce vaccines against a wider range of pathogens.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Humans; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella multocida; Vaccines; Vaccines, Attenuated; Vaccines, Subunit
PubMed: 36064671
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.059 -
Veterinary World Dec 2020Knowledge of potentially pathogenic bacteria presents in the oral cavity of dogs and cats may be helpful in determining appropriate treatment for infected bite wounds....
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Knowledge of potentially pathogenic bacteria presents in the oral cavity of dogs and cats may be helpful in determining appropriate treatment for infected bite wounds. About 120.000 people are exposed to dog and cat bites every year in Algeria, but little is known about the dog and cat oral flora causing bite wound complications. The purpose of this study was to identify potential zoonotic bacteria from oral cavity of dogs and cats and to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics to contribute to the treatment of bite wound infection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Oral swabs from 100 stray dogs and 100 stray cats were collected and cultured in several media: Chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, and Mannitol Salt Agar. Bacterial isolates were identified using several commercial kits of the analytical profile index and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion method.
RESULTS
Overall, 185/200 (92.5%) dogs and cats carried zoonotic bacteria in their mouths, of which 55.13% (102/185) had at least two bacterial pathogens. 374 pathogenic strains belonging to 15 genera were isolated: Eleven were Gram-negative (, , , , , , , and ) and four were Gram-positive (, , and , ). Fifty-one strains of were isolated from 44 carriers of (21 , 21 , and 9 spp.). strains were tested for antibiotic resistance. Resistance to at least one drug was observed in 8 (15.68%) of isolates and two strains (3.92%) were found to be multidrug-resistant (to two or more drugs). Erythromycin, penicillin, and ampicillin were the antimicrobials to which the isolates showed greater resistance (7.84%, 5.88%, and 3.92%, respectively).
CONCLUSION
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in Algeria to detect potential human pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity of dogs and cats. It reveals that these animals have multiple zoonotic bacteria in their mouths including species, which may be multidrug-resistant.
PubMed: 33488002
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2806-2814 -
Veterinary Research Forum : An... 2023exists as a commensal in the upper respiratory tracts of livestock, and poultry, and causes a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals. This study aimed to...
exists as a commensal in the upper respiratory tracts of livestock, and poultry, and causes a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of by bacteriological and molecular characterization in sheep and goats and screening the existence of capsule-specific genes and their antibiotic resistance pattern. Totally, 1650 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from apparently healthy sheep and goats and 460 lung tissues were collected from slaughtered animals in Fars province, Iran. All samples were cultured and suspected colonies were examined by biochemical tests, antimicrobial assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among 165 (104 sheep and 61 goats) isolates, the , , and genes were amplified in 98, 48, and 12 isolates, respectively. The occurrence of four virulence-associated genes of isolates were determined by PCR. Most isolates harbored the (79.40%) and genes (70.90%) and 59.40% of isolates had the gene. Almost half of the isolates (46.10%) contained the gene. According to the current study, capsular type A had the most frequency followed by type D. In addition, the high frequency of , , , and genes revealed that these genes are possibly important in the pathogenesis of . Oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and tilmicosin were the most effective drugs.
PubMed: 37814660
DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.556438.3524