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Virology Journal Apr 2021Data about the genotype-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in the Czech Republic is limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and concordance of...
BACKGROUND
Data about the genotype-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in the Czech Republic is limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and concordance of genotype-specific HPV infection detected in semen samples, penile swabs and cervical swabs from non-vaccinated heterosexual couples without HPV-associated disease.
METHODS
Semen samples and penile swabs were collected from male partners and cervical swabs were collected from female partners of heterosexual couples treated for infertility (n = 195). Presence of HPV DNA in semen samples and cervical swabs was analyzed using the cobas HPV Test and PapilloCheck. Only the PapilloCheck test was used to detect HPV in penile swabs. The genotype-specific prevalence and concordance of HPV infection not targeted by vaccine were evaluated using Fisher exact test.
RESULTS
Both partners were infected with any HPV type in 13.8% (27/195) of couples and, of these couples, 55.6% (15/27) harbored at least one mutual genotype. High-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes were detected in 12.3% (24/195) of semen samples, 31.3% (61/195) of penile swabs, and 19.5% (38/195) of cervical swabs (P < 0.001). The most prevalent hrHPV genotype were HPV53 (2.56%; 5/195) in semen samples, HPV16 (6.67%, 13/195) in penile swabs and HPV39 (3.59%, 7/195) in cervical swabs. Low-risk (lrHPV) genotypes were detected in 5.13% (10/195) of semen samples, 15.9% (31/195) of penile swabs, and 4.10% (8/195) of cervical swabs (P < 0.001). Male sexual partners of HPV-positive women were more likely to be infected with at least one of the same HPV types than female sexual partners of HPV-positive men (34.9% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.055).
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that the detection of HPV infection differ by anatomic site and gender. Regardless the anatomic site, high prevalence of HPV genital infection was found in both Czech men and women.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; Czech Republic; Female; Genotype; Heterosexuality; Humans; Male; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence
PubMed: 33858457
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01551-x -
Archivio Italiano Di Urologia,... Feb 2023Siliconoma represents an inflammatory tissue response to extravasated silicone. Penile enhancing silicone injections have been described for over 50 years. Most of the...
INTRODUCTION
Siliconoma represents an inflammatory tissue response to extravasated silicone. Penile enhancing silicone injections have been described for over 50 years. Most of the publications report complications including negative effects on penile appearance and function which require corrective procedures. Penile circumferential skin and siliconoma excision with skin grafting has been described in multiple case reports and series as an effective and feasible option to remove the silicone and achieve good esthetic results.
METHODS
We describe a simple and feasible single stage procedure removing the siliconoma with adjacent non-viable skin while preserving 50% of healthy penile skin and resurfacing the defect with a split-thickness skin graft to treat a long-term complication of penile silicone injection associated with recurrent infections and a chronic skin ulceration.
CONCLUSION
Partial excision of the affected penile skin and sili-conoma with defect resurfacing with a split-thickness skin graft is a feasible with good functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Topics: Male; Humans; Penis; Skin Transplantation; Silicones
PubMed: 36924371
DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2023.11150 -
BMC Urology Jan 2023Comparison between three different surgical techniques in the management of concealed penis. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Comparison between three different surgical techniques in the management of concealed penis.
METHODS
This prospective interventional non-randomized study included 150 pediatric patients with a concealed penis. They were distributed equally into three groups; group A; patients treated by anchoring the penile skin dermis to Buck's fascia at the penile base at 3 and 9 o'clock points using PDS 5/0 (phallopexy), group B; patients treated by complete dissection and excision of dartos fascia and group C; patients treated by phallopexy as in group A after complete dissection and excision of dartos fascia. Follow-up at the end of the 1st post-operative week and then monthly for 6 months as regards penile skin congestion and/or necrosis, wound infection, edema, and/or re-retraction was carried out.
RESULTS
Penile edema and re-retraction have a statistically significant difference among the studied groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively). Penile re-retraction was noticed to be lowest in patients of group C, however penile edema was observed to be highest in patients of group B.
CONCLUSIONS
Phallopexy after complete dissection and excision of dartos fascia have better results than doing either phallopexy or dartos excision alone in the treatment of concealed penis.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
The manuscript was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov Identifier: NCT05565040. Our manuscript was registered on 4/10/2022.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Prospective Studies; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male; Penis; Genital Diseases, Male; Penile Diseases
PubMed: 36631822
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-01169-3 -
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation... Apr 2016Intermittent catheterization is considered the standard of care in most neurologic patients with lower urinary tract disorders. However, in this context, genitourinary... (Review)
Review
Intermittent catheterization is considered the standard of care in most neurologic patients with lower urinary tract disorders. However, in this context, genitourinary tract infection and urethral trauma represent specific challenges. Such conditions have been found to significantly deteriorate quality of life and complicate subsequent treatments. Only optimal prevention associated with appropriate treatment allows for the long-term continuation of such bladder management. Here, we discuss the diagnosis and therapeutic and preventive approaches associated with genitourinary tract infection and urethral trauma in this specific population. This "state-of-the-art" article results from a literature review (MEDLINE articles and scientific society guidelines) and the authors' experience. It was structured in a didactic way to facilitate comprehension and promote the implementation of advice and recommendations in daily practice. Genitourinary tract infection and urethral trauma associated with intermittent catheterization in neurologic patients should be managed with a global approach, including patient and caregiver education, optimal catheterization with hydrophilic-coated or pre-lubricated catheters and adequate use of antibiotic therapy.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Intermittent Urethral Catheterization; Nervous System Diseases; Patient Education as Topic; Reproductive Tract Infections; Urethra; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 27053002
DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.02.006 -
The interplay of HIV and human papillomavirus-related cancers in sub-Saharan Africa: scoping review.Systematic Reviews Apr 2020People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at a high risk of developing HPV-related cancers. HPV-related malignancies occur frequently and/or are high among PLHIV, with cervical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at a high risk of developing HPV-related cancers. HPV-related malignancies occur frequently and/or are high among PLHIV, with cervical cancer as a designated AIDS-defining condition. We aimed to explore the evidence on the interplay of HIV and HPV-related cancers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
METHODS
The scoping review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework. We searched for literature from the following databases: PubMed; World Health Organization (WHO) Library; Science Direct; Google Scholar and EBSCOhost (Academic search complete, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, CINAHL). Studies reporting on evidence HIV and HPV-related cancers interplay in SSA were eligible for inclusion in this review. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used for reporting the search results. Thematic analysis used to reveal the emerging themes from the included studies.
RESULTS
A total of 74 potentially eligible articles were screened. Of these, nine (7 reviews, 1 transversal case controls, and 1 quantitative study) were eligible for data extraction. The studies reported about a total of 16,351 participants in different settings. The nine included studies showed evidence of cervical cancer among HIV-infected women and distribution of HPV infection and cervical abnormalities among HIV-positive individuals. In the four studies generalizing about HIV and anal cancer, only one reported about HPV. Two studies generally reported about HIV and head and neck cancers and one reported about interaction of HIV with vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, and penile cancer, respectively.
CONCLUSION
HIV positivity is associated with increased prevalence of HPV infection on different anatomic sites, which will result in increased burden of HPV-related cancers among PLHIV. Furthermore, primary studies with robust study designs aimed at investigating the risk developing HPV-related cancers among PLHIV are recommended. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42017062403.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Alphapapillomavirus; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 32321580
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01354-1 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Dec 2023Compared with vulva, precursor lesions of human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis are insufficiently characterized. We...
Compared with vulva, precursor lesions of human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis are insufficiently characterized. We analyzed the histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 70 peritumoral precursor lesions and correlated them with the histology and mutational profile of the adjacent HPV-negative invasive penile SCC. Atypical basal keratinocyte proliferation with variously elongated epithelial rete with premature squamatiziation, but regular superficial cornification, termed differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia (d-PeIN), were identified adjacent to 42/70 (60%) SCC (36/42 keratinizing ( P <0.001); 3 papillary, and 1 each verrucous, clear cell, sarcomatoid SCC). d-PeIN were associated with chronic inflammatory dermatoses (32/42; P <0.001), p53 overexpression (26/42; P <0.001), and hotspot mutations in TP53 (32/42; P <0.001), CDKN2A (26/42; P <0.001) or both (21/42; P =0.003) in the adjacent SCC. Cytoplasmic p16 ink4a overexpression in 5/42 d-PeIN correlated with CDKN2A missense mutations in the adjacent SCC. In all, 21/70 (30%) cornified verrucous or glycogenated verruciform precursors with minimal atypia and wild-type p53 (18/21; P <0.001) occurred adjacent to verrucous or papillary SCC (17/21; P <0.001) and keratinizing (4/21) SCC, which harbored mutations in HRAS and/or PIK3CA (12/21; P <0.004). Undifferentiated p16 ink4a -negative full-thickness precursors were identified in 7/70 (10%) SCC. Four histologically different HPV-independent penile precursor lesions can be assigned to 2 major genetic/biological pathways with characteristic highly differentiated precursors requiring different clinical management decisions. These include d-PeIN in chronic inflammatory dermatoses, with p53 overexpression and TP53/CDKN2A mutations, and the p53 wild-type verrucous and verruciform precursors unassociated with dermatoses, but with mutations in oncogenes PIK3CA and HRAS .
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Skin Neoplasms; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Penile Neoplasms; Penis; Papillomaviridae; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 37768009
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000002130 -
BMC Urology Jul 2023Post-circumcision penile ischemia is a devastating complication. We will present our experience in managing children with various forms of penile ischemia. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Post-circumcision penile ischemia is a devastating complication. We will present our experience in managing children with various forms of penile ischemia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cohort prospective observational and interventional study was performed on all male children with post-circumcision penile ischemia between April 2017 and October 2021. A designed and approved protocol includes a combination of early pentoxifylline infusion, hyperbaric oxygen inhalation, early catheterization, and appropriate surgical debridement were applied for patients with deep ischemia 11/23, mainly the necrotic skin and subcutaneous tissues. Data of patient age, anesthesia method, monopolar diathermy usage, early presentation and positive wound culture were collected and analyzed statistically.
RESULTS
During the study period 3,382 children were circumcised for non-medical reasons; 23 children were diagnosed with penile ischemia (0.7%), among other complications (9%). Most of the penile ischemia is associated with the use of monopolar diathermy (74%). The use of compressive wound dressing to control post-circumcision bleeding and infections is also responsible for ischemia in 52.2% and 43.5% of the cases. Inexperienced physicians were commonly responsible for ischemia (73.9%). Patients managed at first 24 h had better outcomes than those who were presented later (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
In children with post-circumcision penile ischemia, a combination of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and pentoxifylline is especially effective for patients with skin and facial necrosis, this management reduces penile tissue loss.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Circumcision, Male; Pentoxifylline; Penis; Hyperthermia, Induced
PubMed: 37438810
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01284-9 -
African Journal of Paediatric Surgery :... 2022Phimosis, a common paediatric condition, is defined as the inability to retract the preputial skin behind the glans. Current practice shows there is some confusion among...
BACKGROUND
Phimosis, a common paediatric condition, is defined as the inability to retract the preputial skin behind the glans. Current practice shows there is some confusion among the paediatricians towards this common condition and in differentiating it from the more common physiological preputial adhesion; leading to frequent referrals to a paediatric surgeon or a general surgeon, which can be addressed by the parents and the child physicians themselves.
AIM
To find out the awareness towards the management of phimosis among the paediatricians.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A questionnaire on this topic was generated using 'Google Forms' and was circulated among junior and senior residents, faculty in various medical colleges and consultants in private practice all over India and their response was collected and analysed.
RESULTS
We received a total of 221 responses from all over India from paediatric medicine trainees and consultants. Among them, majority (48%) were senior residents. According to the survey participants, the most (46%) find inability to retract the prepuce as the major presenting complaint. A straight away reference to a paediatric surgeon was preferred by majority of paediatricians (62.9%), though most of them were aware of them were aware of physiological adhesions and conservative management (94.2%). There was a belief among 43% about counselling each and every patient presenting with phimosis for circumcision. Among the respondents, 60.2% advised ultrasound of kidneys, ureter, and bladder to their patients and believed that backpressure changes alter the management of the child. A urine routine examination was advised by 70.1% of participants, with 46.6% believing that the presence of urinary tract infection changes the management of phimosis. Waiting up to 1 year of age before going for surgery was advocated by 71.5%. A major proportion of respondents (76%) believed all cases of phimosis should be referred to a surgeon, only 58.8% would voluntarily follow them up. There is still a belief among 69.7% of participants that all cases of phimosis should be referred to a paediatric surgeon and only few of them, 5.4% feel referring only indicated cases.
CONCLUSION
Physiological phimosis is a common condition which can be addressed by the paediatricians themselves. Awareness is to be increased among them, especially during the training period regarding the proper management of this common condition, avoiding unnecessary circumcisions.
Topics: Child; Circumcision, Male; Foreskin; Humans; Male; Phimosis; Tissue Adhesions; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 36018197
DOI: 10.4103/ajps.ajps_143_21 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2016Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were designed to prevent cervical cancer in women and their provision remains a major public health need. However, HPV is also a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were designed to prevent cervical cancer in women and their provision remains a major public health need. However, HPV is also a major cause of non-cervical anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers and the potential benefit of vaccination likely extends beyond cervical cancer.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of PubMed (1995-2014) identified publications assessing the incidence, persistence, and clearance of non-cervical anogenital/oral HPV infections. Comparability with cervical HPV was assessed by identifying articles assessing the same or similar populations.
RESULTS
Available data suggest high incidence rates of non-cervical HPV infection in men and women, with HPV-16 predominating in all sites. The incidence of high risk HPV per 100 person-years ranged from 11.4 to 72.9 for penile infections, 6.7-47.9 at other male genital sites, and 4.4-36.7 and 5.3-23.4 for anal infections in men and women, respectively. The incidence per 100 person-years of oral infection with any HPV type ranged from 5.7 to 6.7 in men and 6.8-39.6 in women. Within the limitations of the data, there was a general pattern of higher incidence and clearance of non-cervical genital HPV infections, compared to cervical infections. HIV status, circumcision, number of sex partners and partner HPV status significantly influenced high-risk HPV incidence/clearance at male anogenital sites. Few studies assessed risk factors for oral HPV.
CONCLUSIONS
Parallels appear to exist between the epidemiology of cervical and non-cervical HPV infections in terms of incidence, HPV-type distribution, and risk factors for infection. Available data suggest that non-cervical genital HPV infections may occur more frequently, with higher clearance rates, than cervical infections. More extensive studies could provide useful information for estimating vaccine impact, the wider cost-benefit of HPV vaccination, and guiding vaccination policy.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Not applicable, as systematic review of the literature.
Topics: Anus Diseases; Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Human papillomavirus 16; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mouth Diseases; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Vaginal Diseases
PubMed: 27301867
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1633-9 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2017
Topics: Condylomata Acuminata; Humans; Male; Penile Neoplasms; Penis; Young Adult
PubMed: 27647354
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.190869