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PloS One 2015The adipose tissue-derived protein, adiponectin, has significant anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of disease conditions. Recent evidence that adiponectin and...
The adipose tissue-derived protein, adiponectin, has significant anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of disease conditions. Recent evidence that adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are expressed in central nervous system, suggests that it may also have a central modulatory role in pain and inflammation. This study set out to investigate the effects of exogenously applied recombinant adiponectin (via intrathecal and intraplantar routes; 10-5000 ng) on the development of peripheral inflammation (paw oedema) and pain hypersensitivity in the rat carrageenan model of inflammation. Expression of adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA and protein was characterised in dorsal spinal cord using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA and protein were found to be constitutively expressed in dorsal spinal cord, but no change in mRNA expression levels was detected in response to carrageenan-induced inflammation. Adiponectin mRNA, but not protein, was detected in dorsal spinal cord, although levels were very low. Intrathecal administration of adiponectin, both pre- and 3 hours post-carrageenan, significantly attenuated thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hypersensitivity. Intrathecal administration of adiponectin post-carrageenan also reduced peripheral inflammation. Intraplantar administration of adiponectin pre-carrageenan dose-dependently reduced thermal hyperalgesia but had no effect on mechanical hypersensitivity and peripheral inflammation. These results show that adiponectin functions both peripherally and centrally at the spinal cord level, likely through activation of AdipoRs to modulate pain and peripheral inflammation. These data suggest that adiponectin receptors may be a novel therapeutic target for pain modulation.
Topics: Adiponectin; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Male; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adiponectin; Recombinant Proteins; Spinal Cord
PubMed: 26352808
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136819 -
Bioscience Reports Dec 2017Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Stroke is a frequent and severe neurovascular disorder. The main cause of stroke is atherosclerosis, and... (Review)
Review
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Stroke is a frequent and severe neurovascular disorder. The main cause of stroke is atherosclerosis, and the most common risk factor for atherosclerosis is hypertension. Therefore, prevention and treatment of stroke are crucial issues in humans. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is non-histone nuclear protein that is currently one of the crucial proinflammatory alarmins in ischemic stroke (IS). It is instantly released from necrotic cells in the ischemic core and activates an early inflammatory response. HMGB1 may signal via its putative receptors, such as receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes during IS. These receptors are expressed in brain cells. Additionally, brain-released HMGB1 can be redox modified in the circulation and activate peripheral immune cells. The role of HMGB1 may be more complex. HMGB1 possesses beneficial actions, such as endothelial activation, enhancement of neurite outgrowth, and neuronal survival. HMGB1 may also provide a novel link for brain-immune communication leading to post-stroke immunomodulation. Therefore, HMGB1 is new promising therapeutic intervention aimed at promoting neurovascular repair and remodeling after stroke. In this review, we look at the mechanisms of secretion of HMGB1, the role of receptors, MMP enzymes, hypoglycemia, atherosclerosis, edema, angiogenesis as well as neuroimmunological reactions and post-ischemic brain recovery in IS. We also outline therapeutic roles of HMGB1 in IS.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Brain; HMGB1 Protein; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction; Stroke
PubMed: 29054968
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20171104 -
Medicinski Glasnik : Official... Aug 2021Aim To present a unique case of a 22-year-old male patient with symptomatic epilepsy manifestation on a background of neurocysticercosis (NCC). Methods An Indian student...
Aim To present a unique case of a 22-year-old male patient with symptomatic epilepsy manifestation on a background of neurocysticercosis (NCC). Methods An Indian student in Kharkiv, who lived in rural parts in India, presented with sudden episodes of seizure followed by severe headaches. Laboratory analyses and neurological status (MRI) were performed. Results Neurological status of the patient revealed nystagmus and difficulty in performing co-ordination tests. General analysis of blood showed raised eosinophil count to 8%. The MRI showed a few small conglomerating peripherally enhancing thick-walled infective granulomas in left frontal lobe with extensive surrounding oedema in the left fronto-parietal lobe. The patient was treated with albendazol, levipil, methylprednisolone and pantoprazole. Clinical symptoms and subsequent MRI showed improvement. Conclusion Neurocysticercosis is often misdiagnosed in the early stages, which leads to adverse outcomes. Although seizures are the most common clinical manifestation, it is a symptom that is not found in majority of the patients. The NCC of adult onset accompanying epileptic seizures is not well studied and a link between the helminthic invasion, epilepsy and psychiatric conditions needs to be established. This disease is potentially eradicable with wellplanned eradication programs targeting all stages of life cycle.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Brain; Epilepsy; Humans; Male; Neurocysticercosis; Seizures; Taenia solium; Young Adult
PubMed: 34190505
DOI: 10.17392/1368-21 -
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research Sep 2023Lower limb oedema is a common co-morbidity in those with diabetes and foot ulceration and is linked with increased amputation risk. There is no current guidance for the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Lower limb oedema is a common co-morbidity in those with diabetes and foot ulceration and is linked with increased amputation risk. There is no current guidance for the treatment of concurrent diabetic foot ulcers and lower limb oedema, leading to uncertainty around the safety and efficacy of combination approaches incorporating offloading and compression therapies. To determine indications and contraindications for such strategies and identify any other supplementary treatment approaches, a scoping review was undertaken to map the evidence relating to off-loading and compression therapy strategies to treat both diabetic foot ulcers and lower limb oedema in combination.
METHODS
Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and PRISMA - Scoping Review (ScR) guidance, this review included published and unpublished literature from inception to April 2022. Literature was sourced using electronic databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, AMED; websites; professional journals and reference lists of included literature. Eligible literature discussed the management of both diabetic foot ulceration and lower limb oedema and included at least one of the treatment strategies of interest. Data extraction involved recording any suggested off-loading, compression therapy or supplementary treatment strategies and any suggested indications, contraindications and cautions for their use.
RESULTS
Five hundred twenty-two publications were found relating to the management of diabetic foot ulcers with an off-loading strategy or the management of lower limb oedema with compression therapy. 51 publications were eligible for inclusion in the review. The majority of the excluded publications did not discuss the situation where diabetic foot ulceration and lower limb oedema present concurrently.
CONCLUSIONS
Most literature, focused on oedema management with compression therapy to conclude that compression therapy should be avoided in the presence of severe peripheral arterial disease. Less literature was found regarding off-loading strategies, but it was recommended that knee-high devices should be used with caution when off-loading diabetic foot ulcers in those with lower limb oedema. Treatment options to manage both conditions concurrently was identified as a research gap. Integrated working between specialist healthcare teams, was the supplementary strategy most frequently recommended. In the absence of a definitive treatment solution, clinicians are encouraged to use clinical reasoning along with support from specialist peers to establish the best, individualised treatment approach for their patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Open Science Framework (osf.io/crb78).
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Amputation, Surgical; Databases, Factual; Edema; Evidence Gaps; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37674176
DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00659-3 -
Cureus May 2021A 57-year-old woman experienced an abnormal feeling on the left side of her neck and difficulty breathing 90 minutes after eating Chinese noodles. She had a history of...
A 57-year-old woman experienced an abnormal feeling on the left side of her neck and difficulty breathing 90 minutes after eating Chinese noodles. She had a history of removal of a left sphenoid ridge meningioma one year earlier. She had experienced rigidity of her left neck and peripheral cold sensation on her left side in winter since approximately 10 years of age. She had experienced peripheral swelling of her left side and lower back pain of unknown origin on her left side several times. She had suffered for oral allergy syndrome since she was young. She sometimes experienced a tingling sensation on her lips and an unpleasant feeling in her throat after eating some types of fruit. On arrival, 180 minutes after eating the noodles, she had clear consciousness and stable vital signs. She had left neck and chest swelling without color change. Her difficulty breathing subsided spontaneously. A blood analysis revealed an increased level of immunoglobulin E. Neck computed tomography (CT) with contrast medium and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed left-side-limited edema in the subcutaneous area and surrounding esophagus and bronchus. These radiological findings denied hemorrhaging or pseudoaneurysmal formation. She underwent observational admission. After her edema improved, she was discharged on the third hospital day. A follow-up examination one week later showed the complete resolution of the neck and chest edema. A blood allergen test did not reveal the cause of the edema. The mechanism underlying the asymmetric transient edema after eating in the present case may involve somatic mosaic.
PubMed: 34235014
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15335 -
European Radiology Mar 2024To investigate if spatial recurrence pattern is associated with patient prognosis, and whether MRI vascular habitats can predict spatial pattern.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate if spatial recurrence pattern is associated with patient prognosis, and whether MRI vascular habitats can predict spatial pattern.
METHODS
In this retrospective study, 69 patients with locally recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGGs) were included. The cohort was divided into intra-resection cavity recurrence (ICR) and extra-resection cavity recurrence (ECR) patterns, according to the distance between the location of the recurrent tumor and the resection cavity or surgical region. Four vascular habitats, high angiogenic tumor, low angiogenic tumor, infiltrated peripheral edema, and vasogenic peripheral edema, were segmented and vascular heterogeneity parameters were analyzed. The survival and diagnostic performance under different spatial recurrence patterns were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and ROC. A nomogram model was constructed by regression analysis and validated by bootstrapping technique.
RESULTS
Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were longer for ICR (n = 32) than those for ECR (n = 37) (median PFS: 8 vs. 5 months, median OS: 17 vs. 13 months, p < 0.05). MRI vascular habitat analyses showed ECR had higher median relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) at each habitat than ICR (all p < 0.01). The rCBV at IPE had good diagnostic performance (AUC: 0.727, 95%CI: 0.607, 0.828). The AUC of the nomogram based on MRI vascular habitats and clinical factors was 0.834 (95%CI: 0.726, 0.913) and was confirmed as 0.833 (95%CI: 0.830, 0.836) by bootstrapping validation.
CONCLUSIONS
The spatial pattern of locally recurrent HGGs is associated with prognosis. MRI vascular heterogeneity parameter could be used as a non-invasive imaging marker to predict spatial recurrence pattern.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT
Vascular heterogeneity parameters based on MRI vascular habitat analyses can non-invasively predict the spatial patterns of locally recurrent high-grade gliomas, providing a new diagnostic basis for clinicians to develop the extent of surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy planning.
KEY POINTS
• Intra-resection cavity pattern was associated with longer progression-free survival and overall survival in locally recurrent high-grade gliomas. • Higher vascular heterogeneities in extra-resection cavity recurrence than in intra-resection cavity recurrence and the vascular heterogeneity parameters had good diagnostic performance in discriminating spatial recurrence pattern. • A nomogram model based on MRI vascular habitats and clinical factors had good performance in predicting spatial recurrence pattern.
Topics: Humans; Brain Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Glioma; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Edema
PubMed: 37658897
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10149-6 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Mar 2021Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, known in Brazil as jabuticaba or jaboticaba has been used by Brazilian native populations for medicinal purposes, including those...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, known in Brazil as jabuticaba or jaboticaba has been used by Brazilian native populations for medicinal purposes, including those related to inflammatory conditions, such as asthma, diarrhea, disorders in female genitourinary tract, and tonsillitis. Inflammation has emerged as a main factor for the oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia present in chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Such disturbances have been a leading cause of death worldwide for decades, despite significant efforts in developing new therapies. Therefore, strengthening the relevance of ethnobotanic approaches, as P. cauliflora has the potential to become a natural, native, and traditional product to prevent and treat inflammation-associated diseases more effectively for more people.
AIM OF THE STUDY
Evaluate anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and analgesic properties of hydroethanolic extract of P. cauliflora epicarps (PcE).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Phytochemical compound from the PcE were identified through HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was determined by measuring 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. The anti-inflammatory potential was investigated by carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis in mice. Analgesic effect was assessed, in mice, though hot plate test and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential were evaluated using alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
RESULTS
Tannins, phenolic acids, and their derivatives were the predominant phytochemicals found. Overall, PcE showed different properties related to the treatment of clinical conditions associated with chronic diseases as a potent antioxidant activity, demonstrating a radical scavenging action similar to gallic acid. PcE oral administration also significantly reduced inflammation induced by paw edema and partially blocked leukocyte migration. Moreover, PcE produced peripheral and central analgesic effects, as evaluated in the writhing model and hot plate tests. Treatment with PcE significantly improved glucose levels and lipid markers in diabetic mice.
CONCLUSIONS
P. cauliflora fruits are rich sources of secondary metabolites, mainly tannins and phenolic acids with high biological potential, which can effectively contribute to the approach of preventing and controlling chronic NCDs.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Brazil; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Edema; Female; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Mice; Myrtaceae; Plant Extracts; Random Allocation; Vitis
PubMed: 33242623
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113611 -
Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing Sep 2022Tepotinib, a highly selective, oral, once-daily MET inhibitor, has been approved for treatment of metastatic MET exon 14 skipping non-small cell lung cancer.
BACKGROUND
Tepotinib, a highly selective, oral, once-daily MET inhibitor, has been approved for treatment of metastatic MET exon 14 skipping non-small cell lung cancer.
OBJECTIVES
This article provides nurse-specific recommendations for identification and management of tepotinib adverse events (AEs).
METHODS
Guidance on monitoring and proactive/reactive AE management was developed based on published literature and real-world nursing experience. Case studies of VISION trial participants were summarized to illustrate key principles.
FINDINGS
Tepotinib AEs are generally mild to moderate and manageable, and can include peripheral edema, hypoalbuminemia, nausea, diarrhea, and creatinine increase. Alongside supportive care, tepotinib interruption and dose reduction is recommended for grade 3 AEs. For peripheral edema, proactive monitoring is crucial, and treatment interruption (including frequent, short treatment holidays) should be considered early. Nursing management of tepotinib AEs includes proactive monitoring, patient education, and interprofessional team coordination.
Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Creatinine; Exons; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Piperidines; Pyridazines; Pyrimidines
PubMed: 36108212
DOI: 10.1188/22.CJON.543-551 -
International Immunopharmacology Jan 2022This study analyzed whether environmental enrichment (EE) modulates the nociceptive and inflammatory responses in the mouse model of arthritis induced by Complete...
This study analyzed whether environmental enrichment (EE) modulates the nociceptive and inflammatory responses in the mouse model of arthritis induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Ninety male mice (C57BL/6-JUnib, 4-weeks-old; 20-25 g) were distributed into EE and standard (SE) groups. For EE, mice were kept in bigger cages using an alternation of materials to chew (wood and paper), for nesting (cotton), to use as hiding places (plastic tunnels), and for voluntary exercise (wheel running). Arthritis was induced by an injection of CFA (50 μL) into the right hind paw or saline solution in the control group. Separate groups received the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg; every 48 h). Inflammatory and pain measurements were performed from 1 to 35 days after CFA administration. EE per se reduced the acute paw edema formation and arthritis scores. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were undetectable in any experimental groups. EE diminished the immunopositivity for the microglia marker IBA1 in the pre-frontal cortex, with slight changes for hippocampal GFAP-positive activated astrocytes. Finally, EE induced a marked increment of brain-derived nerve factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus, an effect that was fully prevented by dexamethasone. These data bring novel evidence on the peripheral and central effects of EE in a mouse arthritis model.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Edema; Environment; Foot Joints; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Physical Stimulation; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Mice
PubMed: 34824037
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108386 -
Translational Stroke Research Oct 2021Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and perihematomal edema (PHE) volumes are major determinants of ICH outcomes as is the immune system which plays a significant role in...
Molecular Correlates of Hemorrhage and Edema Volumes Following Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage Implicate Inflammation, Autophagy, mRNA Splicing, and T Cell Receptor Signaling.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and perihematomal edema (PHE) volumes are major determinants of ICH outcomes as is the immune system which plays a significant role in damage and repair. Thus, we performed whole-transcriptome analyses of 18 ICH patients to delineate peripheral blood genes and networks associated with ICH volume, absolute perihematomal edema (aPHE) volume, and relative PHE (aPHE/ICH; rPHE). We found 440, 266, and 391 genes correlated with ICH and aPHE volumes and rPHE, respectively (p < 0.005, partial-correlation > |0.6|). These mainly represented inflammatory pathways including NF-κB, TREM1, and Neuroinflammation Signaling-most activated with larger volumes. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis identified seven modules significantly correlated with these measures (p < 0.05). Most modules were enriched in neutrophil, monocyte, erythroblast, and/or T cell-specific genes. Autophagy, apoptosis, HIF-1α, inflammatory and neuroinflammatory response (including Toll-like receptors), cell adhesion (including MMP9), platelet activation, T cell receptor signaling, and mRNA splicing were represented in these modules (FDR p < 0.05). Module hub genes, potential master regulators, were enriched in neutrophil-specific genes in three modules. Hub genes included NCF2, NCF4, STX3, and CSF3R, and involved immune response, autophagy, and neutrophil chemotaxis. One module that correlated negatively with ICH volume correlated positively with rPHE. Its genes and hubs were enriched in T cell-specific genes including hubs LCK and ITK, Src family tyrosine kinases whose modulation improved outcomes and reduced BBB dysfunction following experimental ICH. This study uncovers molecular underpinnings associated with ICH and PHE volumes and pathophysiology in human ICH, where knowledge is scarce. The identified pathways and hub genes may represent novel therapeutic targets.
Topics: Autophagy; Brain Edema; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Edema; Humans; Inflammation; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; RNA, Messenger; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33206327
DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00869-y