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The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Oct 2018This study aimed to examine the relation between chosen name use, as a proxy for youths' gender affirmation in various contexts, and mental health among transgender...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to examine the relation between chosen name use, as a proxy for youths' gender affirmation in various contexts, and mental health among transgender youth.
METHODS
Data come from a community cohort sample of 129 transgender and gender nonconforming youth from three U.S. cities. We assessed chosen name use across multiple contexts and examined its association with depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior.
RESULTS
After adjusting for personal characteristics and social support, chosen name use in more contexts was associated with lower depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior. Depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior were lowest when chosen names could be used in all four contexts.
CONCLUSION
For transgender youth who choose a name different from the one given at birth, use of their chosen name in multiple contexts affirms their gender identity and reduces mental health risks known to be high in this group.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cohort Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Social Support; Suicidal Ideation; Transgender Persons; Young Adult
PubMed: 29609917
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.02.003 -
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Aug 2018Medication nonadherence is a prevalent and costly problem among patients with type 2 diabetes. Applications of theory can inform and improve adherence promotion...
AIMS
Medication nonadherence is a prevalent and costly problem among patients with type 2 diabetes. Applications of theory can inform and improve adherence promotion interventions. We used a new assessment based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model of adherence to assess patient-reported barriers and test the theoretical model.
METHODS
Participants (N = 237) completed a card sorting task to identify barriers to adherence, a survey, and a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test. We identified the most commonly reported adherence barriers and examined associations between patient characteristics and barriers mapped onto each of the IMB constructs. We used structural equation modeling to test the IMB model and determine if barriers as reported on this measure predict patients' self-reported diabetes medication adherence and, in turn, HbA1c levels.
RESULTS
The most frequently reported barriers were forgetting doses, thinking brand name medicine works better than generic medicine, not seeing immediate benefit, and feeling burned out with taking diabetes medicine. Younger age and lower health literacy were associated with higher barrier scores for all IMB model constructs. Information and social motivation barriers affected adherence via behavioral skills barriers (indirect effects -0.19, CI [-0.33, -0.09] and -0.24, CI [-0.37, -0.14], respectively). The IMB barrier constructs explained 44% of the variance in diabetes medication adherence which, in turn, was significantly associated with and explained 8% of the variance in HbA1c (both p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest this assessment task can identify patient-specific barriers to diabetes medication adherence. Interventions targeting patient-specific barriers using this assessment could improve adherence and HbA1c.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Motivation; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 29879495
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.05.046 -
Current Biology : CB Oct 2016The habenula is a tiny brain region the size of a pea in humans. This region is highly conserved across vertebrates and has been traditionally overlooked by...
The habenula is a tiny brain region the size of a pea in humans. This region is highly conserved across vertebrates and has been traditionally overlooked by neuroscientists. The name habenula is derived from the Latin word habena, meaning "little rein", because of its elongated shape. Originally its function was thought to be related to the regulation of the nearby pineal gland (which Rene Descartes described as the "principal seat of the soul"). More recent evidence, however, demonstrates that the habenula acts as a critical neuroanatomical hub that connects and regulates brain regions important for divergent motivational states and cognition. In this Primer, we will discuss the recent and converging evidence that points to the habenula as a key brain region for motivation and decision-making.
Topics: Animals; Decision Making; Habenula; Humans; Motivation; Transcriptome
PubMed: 27728786
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.051 -
International Journal For Equity in... Jul 2017Hypertension is a common and frequently occurring chronic disease of the cardiovascular system. Besides the pathological factors, the occurrence and exacerbation of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of health literacy and self-management efficacy on the health-related quality of life of hypertensive patients in a western rural area of China: a cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a common and frequently occurring chronic disease of the cardiovascular system. Besides the pathological factors, the occurrence and exacerbation of hypertension are also associated with many factors of lifestyle and behaviors. Thus hypertensive patients' Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is not only influenced by the disease itself but also by many subjective factors such as health literacy and self-management efficacy, especially in the deeper part of southwestern China and thus is less developed compared to the other places. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the HRQL of hypertensive patients and health literacy and self-management efficacy as well as how they affect the HRQL, so as to provide a theoretical reference for improving the HRQL of patients with hypertension in less developed areas.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of baseline data from a clustered randomized controlled trial. The study design had passed a cross-national peer review and accepted grants by the China Medical Board. It was also registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-OOR-14005563). A standardized questionnaire adapted from a previous validated WHO questionnaire was used for the survey which included detailed questions about patient's socio-demographic characteristics and self-reported information. Patients' HRQL was measured by the Mandarin version of the 36-item Short Form. We used the validated Mandarin version of the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale to assess patients' self-management efficacy. The validated three-item Brief Health Literacy Screening (BHLS) was used to measure the patients' health literacy. A structural equation model was constructed, and p ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.
RESULTS
Demographic characteristics, health literacy and self-management efficacy have all significant effects on HRQL. Age, education level, self-management efficacy and health literacy were significantly related to the HRQL. The constructed model had a good fit for the data according to the model fit indices. Based on the model, health literacy (r = 0.604, p = 0.029) and Self-management efficacy (r = 0.714, p = 0.018) have a significant impact on HRQL. Demographic characteristics were inversely related to HRQL (r = -0.419, p = 0.007), but have a significant impact on health literacy (r = 0.675, p = 0.029) and self-management efficacy (r = 0.379, p = 0.029). At the same time, self-management efficacy was positively correlated to health literacy (r = 0.413, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Age, education level, self-management efficacy and health literacy were all related to the HRQL of patient with hypertension, which means that patients who are more elderly and have lower education level, low self-management efficacy and poor health literacy get worse HRQL. This may imply the necessary to introduce routine assessment of health literacy and self-management efficacy into assessment procedures for hypertensive patients' health management. Such assessment can help professionals to identify the population at greatest risk for poor health outcomes and low well-being in the future. In clinical practice, effective interventions such as direct guidance and education to raise the self-management efficacy and enhance health literacy might improve the HRQL of patients with hypertension.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Retrospectively registered Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ChiCTR-OOR-14005563 ). Name of registry: Effects of the integrated delivery system and payment system of community-based intervention on rural patients of chronic diseases in Qianjiang District, China Date of registration: Retrospectively registered 23 November 2014. Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: 5 July 2012.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; China; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Literacy; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Rural Population; Self Efficacy; Self-Management; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 28666443
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-017-0551-9 -
Perception 2017Olfaction is often viewed as difficult, yet the empirical evidence suggests a different picture. A closer look shows people around the world differ in their ability to... (Review)
Review
Olfaction is often viewed as difficult, yet the empirical evidence suggests a different picture. A closer look shows people around the world differ in their ability to detect, discriminate, and name odors. This gives rise to the question of what influences our ability to smell. Instead of focusing on olfactory deficiencies, this review presents a positive perspective by focusing on factors that make someone a better smeller. We consider three driving forces in improving olfactory ability: one's biological makeup, one's experience, and the environment. For each factor, we consider aspects proposed to improve odor perception and critically examine the evidence; as well as introducing lesser discussed areas. In terms of biology, there are cases of neurodiversity, such as olfactory synesthesia, that serve to enhance olfactory ability. Our lifetime experience, be it typical development or unique training experience, can also modify the trajectory of olfaction. Finally, our odor environment, in terms of ambient odor or culinary traditions, can influence odor perception too. Rather than highlighting the weaknesses of olfaction, we emphasize routes to harnessing our olfactory potential.
Topics: Cross-Cultural Comparison; Discrimination, Psychological; Environment; Humans; Individuality; Odorants; Olfactory Perception; Perceptual Disorders; Recognition, Psychology; Synesthesia
PubMed: 28103755
DOI: 10.1177/0301006616688224 -
Archives of Sexual Behavior May 2022People can express their identity in different ways, one of which is through language. Non-binary individuals often speak in a gender-neutral way and use specific...
People can express their identity in different ways, one of which is through language. Non-binary individuals often speak in a gender-neutral way and use specific language forms. Language use not only reveals their identity but also can shape how others perceive them. The present study's purpose was to analyze how non-binary people are perceived through the language they use. The research was conducted in Polish, a language that is especially challenging for non-binary individuals because it has many gender markers. To avoid using gendered forms, they often use a specific form of passive voice. In an experiment, participants (N = 130, 102 women, 28 men) read a gendered (feminine or masculine) text and a gender-neutral text with passive voice. Most gave a masculine name to the person in the neutral text, but addressed them in a gender-neutral way when asked to react to them in presented scenarios. The gender-neutral text was evaluated as being less comprehensible than the gendered texts, and the non-binary person was rated less competent and colder than a man or a woman and was less socially accepted. Furthermore, the negative evaluation of non-binary people seemed to be attributable to unfamiliarity with gender-neutral language and its lower comprehensibility. More research is needed to understand these perceptions better and to be able to prevent their potential negative consequences.
Topics: Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Language; Male; Social Perception; Voice
PubMed: 35467171
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02234-y -
Revista de Neurologia Apr 2018Brainstem dysgenesis designates all those patients with congenital dysfunction of cranial nerves and muscle tone due to prenatal lesions or malformations of the... (Review)
Review
Brainstem dysgenesis designates all those patients with congenital dysfunction of cranial nerves and muscle tone due to prenatal lesions or malformations of the brainstem. This generic term has the advantage over the eponyms Moebius 'expanded' or 'unrestricted', Robin, Cogan or Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndromes in that it has a less restrictive view and provides a frame work that enables a systematic approach to diagnosis and research of most developmental disorders involving the brainstem. The review of the literature and our experience shows that infants with a predominant rombencephalic involvement are due to brainstem prenatal disruptive vascular accidents, while cases with midbrain and cerebellar involvement and widespread malformative syndromes have most likely an underlying genetic cause. Due to phenotypic heterogeneity associated with brainstem dysgenesis, it is crucial to evaluate each case individually and to establish a specific therapeutic plan. Intervention programs should start soon after diagnosis and directed to improve functions needed for daily life activities. Even though the prognosis of patients with brainstem dysgenesis due to prenatal destructive lesions depends on the magnitude of the vascular territory involved, in most patients with brainstem dysgenesis, the prognosis is better than the initial clinical manifestations would indicate.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Brain Stem; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Progression; Early Diagnosis; Eponyms; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mesencephalon; Phenotype; Precision Medicine; Prognosis; Rhombencephalon; Syndrome
PubMed: 29557550
DOI: No ID Found -
Belitung Nursing Journal 2022The debate regarding the variation of names used for labeling the patient in a nursing care situation has always existed in nursing. Names such as patient, client,...
The debate regarding the variation of names used for labeling the patient in a nursing care situation has always existed in nursing. Names such as patient, client, person, and nursed have been used widely among healthcare disciplines, including nursing. However, does the use of any of these identifying terms establish the appropriate identification of the nurse and the persons being nursed in a nursing care situation participating in a mutual relationship? This editorial aims to address the varieties and rationales of identifying persons participating in or receiving nursing care. Among these terms, "person" describing human beings underscores personhood, allowing nurse-nursed relations to foster, support, celebrate, and affirm living the meaning of what matters most to one's life. Therefore, it will be advantageous to nursing practice if the term "person being nursed" is the relevant descriptor to be considered as the primary label.
PubMed: 37554238
DOI: 10.33546/bnj.2427 -
Cancer Treatment and Research... 2022Eponyms have been traditionally used in the field of medicine to honor the contributions of an individual or group of individuals in understanding a disease. However,... (Review)
Review
Eponyms have been traditionally used in the field of medicine to honor the contributions of an individual or group of individuals in understanding a disease. However, many eponyms have come under scrutiny given the personal backgrounds of individuals for whom they intend to honor. As we previously reviewed commonly used eponyms in medical oncology, we now aim to review commonly used eponyms in malignant hematology in order to highlight the individuals for whom they are named after. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of each disease, epidemiology, and the historical background for the individual or individuals for which the eponym honors.
Topics: Eponyms; Hematology; Humans
PubMed: 35835706
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100594 -
BMC Nephrology Apr 2019Natalina Tomilina, a pioneer of Russian nephrology, is a clinician, researcher, teacher, organizer, leader, and a real pioneer, who has worked in nephrology from the...
Natalina Tomilina, a pioneer of Russian nephrology, is a clinician, researcher, teacher, organizer, leader, and a real pioneer, who has worked in nephrology from the very beginning of its development in Russia and continues to inspire new generations of Russian nephrologists. Her interests are very broad: from the physiology and pathophysiology of water and electrolyte balance and tubular dysfunctions to the management of transplant rejection, and from nephropathology to the treatment of idiopathic glomerulonephritis and ANCA-associated vasculitis…. to name a few. She implemented peritoneal dialysis, started first ICU for kidney patients in Russia, opened the door for the international communications, initiated a registry of the patients receiving RRT, and she never stopped seeing patients with kidney problems. In the interview on can find not only the story of her professional life, but also standpoint and philosophy of a great personality. Answering the question about emigration she said: "I never wanted to leave - I have to work at home, where I know and understand almost everything about my patients. Don't talk about prosperity, prosperous life sooner or later becomes boring. Prosperity is not the main point, and this is not prosperity, what gives you satisfaction. I feel that one should live in the place where he or she has an opportunity for personal fulfillment ad maximum". Her personal fulfillment is 100 % indeed.
Topics: Empowerment; Humans; Leadership; Nephrology; Physicians, Women; Russia
PubMed: 30935367
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1303-4