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International Journal of Clinical... Dec 2021Background Studies have demonstrated the potential for patient feedback to inform quality care as well as a direct relationship between patient experience and clinical...
Background Studies have demonstrated the potential for patient feedback to inform quality care as well as a direct relationship between patient experience and clinical outcomes. Over recent years, there has been increasing use of online patient feedback platforms, however, there has been little study of the content of patient feedback relating to pharmacy and pharmacy services. Objective This study explores the content of online feedback provided by patients from across the UK in relation to their experiences of their interaction with pharmacy staff and pharmacy services. Main outcome measure Content of online patient feedback relating to pharmacy. Method Patient stories published on Care Opinion, a national online patient feedback platform, for a one-year period were searched for all content relating to patients' pharmacy experiences. A thematic and sentiment analysis was conducted on 237 patient stories. Results Patient stories related to supply, staff attitudes, services, accessibility, systems, and errors. Patient sentiment depended on pharmacy setting, but staff attitudes, services, and accessibility were generally positive across all settings. Waiting time was the most common complaint in both hospital and community pharmacies with stories relaying experiences of slow discharge, stock shortages and poor communication and collaboration between pharmacies and GP surgeries. Conclusions Online patient feedback highlighted factors important to patients when interacting with pharmacies and their staff. Medication supply was the primary topic of patient stories with waiting times and stock shortages being clear areas for improvement; however, accessibility, pharmacy services and advice were key strengths of the profession. Further research is needed to understand how online patient feedback can be used effectively to inform improvements in pharmacy services.
Topics: Community Pharmacy Services; Feedback; Humans; Pharmacies; Pharmacists; Pharmacy; Sentiment Analysis
PubMed: 34146233
DOI: 10.1007/s11096-021-01287-2 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Sep 2020The summary care record receives a copy of all electronic prescriptions and their dispensing by Norwegian pharmacies. Some electronic prescriptions expire without being...
BACKGROUND
The summary care record receives a copy of all electronic prescriptions and their dispensing by Norwegian pharmacies. Some electronic prescriptions expire without being dispensed, in whole or in part. The purpose of the study was to ascertain how many electronic prescriptions passed their expiry date without being dispensed, and what type of prescriptions these were.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
All electronic prescriptions and dispensations for the period 1 March 2016-1 March 2018 were extracted anonymously from the summary care record. The number of prescriptions that expired without being dispensed was added up and classified according to the drug prescribed. The percentage of uncollected prescriptions was calculated for each drug.
RESULTS
Of 47 771 233 registered electronic prescriptions in the period, 5 934 589 (12 %) expired without having been dispensed. The proportion of non-dispensed electronic prescriptions varied within the individual drug groups from 4 % for Z-hypnotics to 49 % for glucagon.
INTERPRETATION
The study indicates that several reasons exist for the non-dispensing of prescriptions.
Topics: Drug Prescriptions; Electronic Prescribing; Humans; Pharmacies; Prescription Drugs
PubMed: 32998490
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0577 -
Journal of Managed Care & Specialty... Mar 2023The AMCP Abstract and Poster Program provides a forum for authors to share their research with the managed care pharmacy community. Authors submit their abstracts to... (Review)
Review
The AMCP Abstract and Poster Program provides a forum for authors to share their research with the managed care pharmacy community. Authors submit their abstracts to AMCP, and each abstract is reviewed by a team of peer reviewers and editors. All accepted abstracts are presented as posters at AMCP's Annual and Nexus meetings. These abstracts are also available through the AMCP meeting app. This JMCP supplement publishes all abstracts that were peer reviewed and accepted for presentation at AMCP 2023. Abstracts submitted in the Student and Encore categories did not undergo peer review; therefore, these abstracts are not included in the supplement.
Topics: Humans; Pharmacy; Publishing; Pharmacies; Managed Care Programs; Community Pharmacy Services
PubMed: 37877441
DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2023.29.3-a.s1 -
PloS One 2023Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains the main predictor of sustained HIV virologic suppression for people with HIV (PWH). Mail-order pharmacy services are...
BACKGROUND
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains the main predictor of sustained HIV virologic suppression for people with HIV (PWH). Mail-order pharmacy services are often offered to patients as an alternative option to traditional pharmacy services. Some payers mandate ART to be dispensed from specific mail-order pharmacies regardless of patient choice complicating ART adherence for patients affected by social disparities. Yet, little is known about patient perspectives regarding mail-order mandates.
METHODS
Eligible patients of the HIV program at University of Nebraska Medical Center with experience receiving ART from both a local and mail-order pharmacy were invited to complete a 20-question survey with three core sections: experiences/perspectives on local and mail-order pharmacy settings; pharmacy attributes rankings; and pharmacy preference. Paired t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the agreement scores of pharmacy attributes.
RESULTS
Sixty patients (N = 146; 41.1%) responded to the survey. Mean age was 52 years. Most were male (93%) and White (83%). The majority of participants were on ART for HIV treatment (90%) and 60% were using mail-order pharmacies for their prescription services. Significant scoring differences (p<0.05) were observed for all pharmacy attributes favoring local pharmacies. Refilling ease was the most important attribute noted. More respondents (68%) preferred local pharmacies versus mail-order pharmacies. Payer associated mail-order pharmacy mandates were experienced by 78% with half believing the mandates impacted their medical care negatively.
CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort study, respondents preferred local pharmacies compared to mail-order pharmacy for ART prescription services and noted ease of refilling as the most important pharmacy attribute. Two-thirds of respondents believed mail-order pharmacy mandates negatively affected their health. Insurance payers should consider the removal of mail-order pharmacy mandates to allow patient choice of pharmacy, which may help remove barriers to ART adherence and improve long-term health outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacy; Pharmacies; Anti-Retroviral Agents
PubMed: 37220118
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285694 -
Journal of the American Pharmacists... 2021The uptake of point-of-care testing (POCT) within community pharmacies at state and national levels is largely unknown despite the endorsement and advocacy efforts of...
BACKGROUND
The uptake of point-of-care testing (POCT) within community pharmacies at state and national levels is largely unknown despite the endorsement and advocacy efforts of pharmacy organizations, recent legislative advances, and numerous models for successful POCT implementation within individual pharmacy sites.
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to describe the current landscape of POCT in Wisconsin community pharmacies and identify opportunities for the advancement of testing and the key factors influencing the realization of these opportunities.
METHODS
A survey was administered over the telephone to pharmacy managers of community pharmacies in Wisconsin. The sites were randomly selected from predefined geographic regions to mirror pharmacy distribution across Wisconsin. The survey items evaluated provision of POCT, future direction of POCT, barriers and motivators to offering POCT, and pharmacy demographics. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze data.
RESULTS
Pharmacy managers from 147 of the 938 registered community pharmacies (15.7%) participated in the survey. Only 17.1% of the pharmacies were offering POCT; however, 48.3% of managers reported that their pharmacy would likely implement or expand POCT within the next 5 years. The most commonly reported barriers to initiating or expanding POCT were the limitations on pharmacist availability to oversee testing and workflow restrictions. Continuing to advance the pharmacy profession was a top reason for offering or expanding testing services.
DISCUSSION
While few pharmacies are offering POCT in Wisconsin, there is motivation for expansion in coming years. Understanding, anticipating and addressing common barriers can faciliate this process.
CONCLUSION
This needs analysis offers a blueprint for researchers, educators, and clinicians to shape POCT efforts by examining the landscape of pharmacy-based testing in their own states and communities.
Topics: Community Pharmacy Services; Humans; Pharmacies; Pharmacists; Pharmacy; Point-of-Care Testing
PubMed: 33431252
DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.12.013 -
Applied Clinical Informatics Aug 2023Few community pharmacies have access to health information exchange (HIE) data. We conducted a first-of-its-kind usability evaluation of an HIE interface prototype...
OBJECTIVE
Few community pharmacies have access to health information exchange (HIE) data. We conducted a first-of-its-kind usability evaluation of an HIE interface prototype (referred to throughout as the "HIE-Pioneer mock-up") developed with pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to aid future implementation in community pharmacies.
METHODS
Community pharmacists and pharmacy technicians were recruited to complete usability evaluations with the HIE-Pioneer mock-up. Each usability evaluation lasted up to 60 minutes. System usability scale (SUS) scores were collected from each participant following each usability evaluation session and summarized with descriptive statistics. Usability evaluation videos were reviewed for common usability attributes, such as the impact of identified usability problems, learnability, and efficiency. Time on task, task success rates, and prototype utilization were also recorded.
RESULTS
Sixteen total participants completed usability testing across three community pharmacies. The average SUS score was 69.7 (scale 0-100, where 100 is the best), with pharmacists on average reporting higher satisfaction than technicians (74.1 vs. 65.3, respectively). Altogether, we identified 23 distinct usability problems. Key problems identified included needed clarification in tool label names and accessibility of HIE links within the existing workflow. Overall, the usability of the HIE-Pioneer mock-up generally fostered pharmacy professionals' ease of learning and efficiency.
CONCLUSION
Our study identified key areas, and potential solutions, to improve the usability of the HIE-Pioneer mock-up. Overall, pharmacy professionals viewed the HIE-Pioneer mock-up positively, with good satisfaction ratings. The HIE-Pioneer mock-up provides a blueprint for future HIE implementation in community pharmacy settings, which would increase community pharmacy teams' access to HIE data nationwide. Community pharmacy access to bi-directional HIE is expected to improve communication among more health care professionals involved in patient care and equip pharmacy professionals with needed information for improved clinical decision-making.
Topics: Humans; Health Information Exchange; Pharmacies; Community Pharmacy Services; Patient Care; Pharmacists
PubMed: 37527792
DOI: 10.1055/a-2145-6980 -
Sexually Transmitted Infections Mar 2021To explore the utilisation of pharmacy-based sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) in order to optimise delivery and identify barriers to access.
OBJECTIVES
To explore the utilisation of pharmacy-based sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) in order to optimise delivery and identify barriers to access.
METHODS
The health provider Umbrella offers six SRHS from over 120 pharmacies in Birmingham (England). In this retrospective study, data collected between August 2015 and August 2018 were used to analyse uptake, user characteristics and attendance patterns according to day of the week.
RESULTS
A total of 60 498 requests for a pharmacy service were included in the analysis. Emergency contraception (50.4%), condoms (33.1%) and STI self-sampling kits (9.6%) accounted for more than 90% of all requests. A lower uptake of services was observed for the contraceptive injection (0.6%), oral contraception (5.4%) and chlamydia treatment (1.0%). Services were most likely to be requested by those self-identifying as female (85.6%), and those aged 16-24 years (53.8%). Based on available ethnicity data (n=54 668), most requests for a service were made by White/White British individuals (43.4%) and Asian/Asian British people (23.1%). The largest number of services were delivered on Mondays (20.9%) and the lowest on Sundays (5.0%). A high proportion of requests for services on Saturdays (57.0%), Sundays (67.6%) and Mondays (54.4%) were made by females presenting for emergency contraception.
CONCLUSION
The evaluation of healthcare utilisation is important to help refine and optimise the delivery of services. However, information relating to pharmacy-based SRHS is scarce and often limited to a single type of service provision. Overall, a wide range of pharmacy-based services were accessed by a diverse range of people, suggesting that pharmacies are a suitable provider of many SRHS. However, the routinely collected data analysed in the study had several limitations restricting the analysis. Sexual health providers should ensure they collect data which are as comprehensive as is possible in order to help understand the utilisation of services.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; England; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Male; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacies; Reproductive Health; Reproductive Health Services; Retrospective Studies; Sexual Health; Young Adult
PubMed: 32817275
DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054488 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Feb 2022There is much public debate regarding the high cost of insulin. With 1-in-4 patients in the United States with type 1 diabetes reporting difficulties affording insulin,...
BACKGROUND
There is much public debate regarding the high cost of insulin. With 1-in-4 patients in the United States with type 1 diabetes reporting difficulties affording insulin, there is concern that some of these patients might look for cost savings on the internet, unaware that 96% of internet pharmacies are illegitimate. Patients who purchase insulin from illegitimate internet pharmacies remove themselves from traditional health care systems that ensure safe, quality-assured, and effective medication use.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to determine the accessibility of Humalog and NovoLog insulin from internet pharmacies and characterize how these sites approached patient safety, and priced as well as marketed their products.
METHODS
From September to December 2019, we queried the phrases buy insulin online, buy Humalog online, and buy NovoLog online in common search engines. The first 100 search results from Google and Bing, and the first 50 search results from Yahoo! and DuckDuckGo were screened. Websites were included if they claimed to sell Humalog or NovoLog insulin, were active, free access, in the English language, and had a unique URL. The legitimacy of websites was classified using LegitScript. Safety and marketing characteristics were compared across the legitimacy of internet pharmacies. Internet pharmacy prices were compared with the prices offered through brick-and-mortar pharmacies using GoodRx.
RESULTS
We found that 59% (n=29) of the 49 internet pharmacies in our analysis were illegitimate, whereas only 14% (n=7) were legitimate and 27% (n=13) were unclassified. Across illegitimate internet pharmacies, Humalog and NovoLog insulin were 2 to 5 times cheaper as compared with both legitimate internet pharmacies and brick-and-mortar stores. Risks associated with the use of illegitimate internet pharmacies by American consumers were evident: 57% (8/14) did not require a prescription, 43% (6/14) did not display medication information or warnings, and only 21% (3/14) offered access to purported pharmacists. This included 9 rogue internet pharmacies that sold Humalog and NovoLog insulin within the United States, where 11% (1/9) required a prescription, 11% (1/9) placed quantity limits per purchase, and none offered pharmacist services. Rogue internet pharmacies often offered bulk discounts (11/18, 61%), assured privacy (14/18, 78%), and promoted other products alongside insulin (13/18, 72%). The marketing language of illegitimate internet pharmacies appealed more to quality, safety, and customer service as compared with legitimate sites.
CONCLUSIONS
The ease of access to low-cost insulin through illegitimate internet pharmacies calls for urgent attention. Illegitimate internet pharmacies place patients at risk of poor-quality medications and subpar pharmacy services, resulting in adverse events and poor diabetes control. A multifaceted approach is needed to close illegitimate internet pharmacies through legal and regulatory measures, develop better search engine filters, raise public awareness of the dangers of illegitimate internet pharmacies, and address the high costs of insulin.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Insulins; Internet; Marketing; Pharmacies; United States
PubMed: 35156937
DOI: 10.2196/25855 -
Revista de Saude Publica 2021To evaluate the skills and practices of pharmacy staff during the dispensing of tramadol (drug with fiscalized substance) in drugstores and pharmacies in Medellin,...
OBJETIVE
To evaluate the skills and practices of pharmacy staff during the dispensing of tramadol (drug with fiscalized substance) in drugstores and pharmacies in Medellin, Colombia.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed. The simulated patient technique was used. The main outcomes included the information provided on the dispensed drug (tramadol), the use of tools to provide information, and the information provided on drug precautions and use recommendations.
RESULTS
We visited 305 drugstores and pharmacies. The average dispensing time was 2.3 min (SD 1.1 min). In nine drugstores and pharmacies (3.0%), tramadol was not dispensed because it was not in stock. In 17 drugstores and pharmacies (5.7%), the simulated patients were actively informed by the dispensing pharmacy staff; of these, 16 provided oral information and one provided oral and written information. Eight patients (2.7%) received information regarding tramadol use. However, 99% of patients were not informed about tramadol side effects such as dependence, sedation, or hypnosis, and none of the simulated female patients were informed on the precautions related to tramadol use during pregnancy or lactation.
CONCLUSIONS
Communication skills and appropriate practices of pharmacy staff are critical to patient self-care. However, this study shows their difficulty in counseling about precautions and use recommendations of drugs with fiscalized substances. These outcomes could inform future studies focusing on the rational use of these drugs in drugstores and pharmacies. It is necessary to improve the pharmacy staff competencies through continuing education programs, to facilitate access to information and training.
Topics: Brazil; Colombia; Community Pharmacy Services; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacies; Pharmacy
PubMed: 34231824
DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003103 -
BMJ Open Feb 2020Due to a high global incidence of unintended pregnancy, finding novel ways to increase the accessibility of contraceptive products and information is critical. One... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Due to a high global incidence of unintended pregnancy, finding novel ways to increase the accessibility of contraceptive products and information is critical. One proposed strategy is to use the accessibility of community pharmacies and expand the role of pharmacists to deliver these services. This protocol reports the methods of a proposed scoping review of pharmacy-based initiatives for preventing unintended pregnancy. We intend to identify the range of interventions employed by pharmacists worldwide and their outcomes and aim to infer the value of task sharing for reducing certain access and equity barriers to contraception.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This protocol was developed with guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for Scoping Reviews. Reporting is compliant with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocols. The scoping review will be reported according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were systematically searched for relevant literature published in English from 2000, on 22 August 2019. Two authors will individually screen articles for eligibility in Covidence and data will be charted and reported using a tool developed for the purpose of this review.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Findings will be disseminated in publications and presentations with relevant stakeholders. Ethical approval is not required as we will be using data from publicly available literature sources. We will map available evidence across the breadth of studies that have been conducted and identify the effectiveness and acceptability of interventions.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacies; Pharmacists; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unplanned
PubMed: 32014873
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033002