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Farmacia Hospitalaria : Organo Oficial... 2023
Topics: Humans; Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacies
PubMed: 36801093
DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2023.01.005 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacies; Pharmacy; Policy
PubMed: 35619821
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.901847 -
Research in Social & Administrative... Sep 2019Control of blood glucose and a reduced risk of complications are important treatment goals in diabetes. Medication non-adherence can influence the outcome of diabetes.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Control of blood glucose and a reduced risk of complications are important treatment goals in diabetes. Medication non-adherence can influence the outcome of diabetes. Involvement of a pharmacist in diabetes care might help patients to achieve better treatment outcomes. Existing literature reviews have focused on a limited number of interventions and outcome measures, and have involved different healthcare professionals. None of the previous reviews have used a standardized effect size to compare the effects of different pharmacist-led interventions and different outcome measures.
OBJECTIVE
To review pharmacist-led interventions to improve medication adherence in patients with diabetes and to assess the effectiveness of these interventions on medication adherence.
METHODS
Six databases were systematically searched between March and September 2017 for randomized controlled trials: PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, CINAHL, JSTOR, and Web of Science. The outcome measures used were: medication adherence, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial blood glucose (PPG), or random blood glucose (RBG). Cohen's d, a standardized effect size, enabled a comparison of studies with different outcome measures. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies.
RESULTS
Fifty-nine studies were included in this review. Pharmacist-led interventions enhanced outcomes in patients with diabetes (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.68; 95% CI -0.79, -0.58; p < 0.001). Sub-group analysis by intervention strategy, the type of intervention and outcome measures produced similar results. Further analysis showed that education, printed/digital material, training/group discussion, were more effective than other interventions.
CONCLUSION
This finding supports the role of the pharmacist in diabetes care to enhance medication adherence.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Medication Adherence; Pharmacies; Pharmacists; Professional Role; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 30685443
DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.09.021 -
Journal of Managed Care & Specialty... Jun 2019The study referred to in this letter received no outside funding but was sponsored by Humana through regular employment activities by Schwab, Racsa, and Worley, who are...
The study referred to in this letter received no outside funding but was sponsored by Humana through regular employment activities by Schwab, Racsa, and Worley, who are employed by Humana Healthcare Research (formerly Comprehensive Health Insights). The study found benefits related to using mail-order versus community pharmacies for dispensing antihyperglycemic agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Humana owns mail-order pharmacies under the Humana Pharmacy subsidiary. Mourer and Meah are paid employees of Humana Pharmacy Solutions. Rascati is employed by the University of Texas College of Pharmacy at Austin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacies; Postal Service
PubMed: 31134858
DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.6.725 -
British Dental Journal Aug 2020
Topics: Pharmacies; Pharmacists; Pharmacy; Trust
PubMed: 32811913
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-2010-z -
The New England Journal of Medicine Dec 2012
Topics: Drug Compounding; Government Regulation; Pharmacies; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 23134355
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe1213569 -
Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2022The recent worldwide pandemic has prompted several companies to turn to the online market. The pharmaceutical industry is one such significant and crucial in India.... (Review)
Review
The recent worldwide pandemic has prompted several companies to turn to the online market. The pharmaceutical industry is one such significant and crucial in India. There has been an upsurge in online pharmacies throughout the Indian subcontinent over the last 3-5 years. This unique development of online or "E-pharmacy" field has been carefully examined and presented in this article. The distinction between online and offline pharmacies, the advantages and challenges faced by E-pharmacies, the driving forces that led to the growth of the E-pharmacy sector in India, and the various emerging Indian E-pharmacy companies are covered. A comprehensive review of the legal system under which the E-pharmacy industry operates is also briefed. The reader will also learn about the various initiatives implemented by the Government in support of the E-pharmacy sector in India.
Topics: Drug Industry; India; Pharmaceutical Services, Online; Pharmacies; Pharmacy
PubMed: 36204812
DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_445_21 -
Journal of Managed Care & Specialty... Nov 2022Patients receiving specialty medications have conditions that are often complex, high cost, and high need. Prompt treatment initiation is essential for the appropriate...
Patients receiving specialty medications have conditions that are often complex, high cost, and high need. Prompt treatment initiation is essential for the appropriate management of many conditions treated by specialty products. Improving the turnaround time (TAT) of specialty pharmacy prescriptions helps ensure patients receive the medication they need in the necessary time frame to optimize health outcomes. Despite a clinical justification for improved TAT, there is a gap in the literature describing what factors impact these times. To determine factors that may influence specialty pharmacy TATs and to identify good practices that specialty pharmacies use to improve TAT. This qualitative study used 4 focus groups with specialty pharmacy subject matter experts. Each focus group represented different specialty pharmacy types, including health system, payer-associated, retail chain, and independent specialty pharmacies. Attitudes, beliefs, and experiences regarding specialty pharmacy TAT were captured. Open-ended questions and prompts eliciting impediments, facilitators, and good practices associated with specialty pharmacy TAT were asked of participants. Data were analyzed thematically. Fifteen individuals participated across 4 focus groups: payer-associated (n = 4), independent (n = 3), health system (n = 5), and retail chain (n = 3) specialty pharmacies. Average TATs varied across specialty pharmacy type and by prescription type (clean vs intervention). Several interconnected themes were identified, including barriers with health benefits formulary management, prior authorization delays, differences in requirements between managed care organizations, and miscommunication with physicians, among others. Five subthemes were identified during the discussion of factors influencing TAT, including patient characteristics, pharmacy characteristics, provider characteristics, clinical situations, and health benefit design and formulary considerations. Pharmacy workflow improvements through technology integration are thought to improve TAT. In addition, participants noted facilitators including specialization among pharmacists and technicians in certain diseases, particularly hepatitis C and cancer. Some good practices included using patient financial advocates, technology integration, and a structured patient onboarding process, which were found to minimize delays caused by prior authorization, communication, and formularies. A multitude of factors impacting specialty pharmacy prescription TAT were identified. Multidisciplinary coordination between pharmacies, physicians, and managed care organizations is essential to ensure patients receive medications in the necessary time frame to optimize health outcomes. This study was conducted with support from Pfizer.
Topics: Humans; Pharmacies; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacy; Pharmacists; Medicine
PubMed: 36282928
DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2022.28.11.1244 -
Research in Social & Administrative... Mar 2023There is an urgent need for health care systems to be more efficient and efficacious. An approach to integrate public and private provider organizations such as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is an urgent need for health care systems to be more efficient and efficacious. An approach to integrate public and private provider organizations such as community pharmacies and public primary health care (PHC) merits consideration. The objective of this review was to identify the types of integration in health care settings and discuss their applicability to the potential integration of community pharmacy and PHC.
METHODS
A narrative review using Medline, Scopus and SciELO databases was performed in which terms related to health were combined with terms related to integration. Levels and Types of integration: 14 types of integration were identified (two in breadth, seven as enablers and five in system levels). A model was created which classifies and assigns the types of integration to the different levels of the health system and to the breadth, intensity, and enablers of the integration process. Due to the nature of community pharmacy and PHC system, a horizontal integration at the micro level, supported by meso and macro levels policy, is suggested. The different elements of intensity and enablers can significantly influence the process.
CONCLUSION
The application of principles, concepts and types of integration suggest that it might be feasible and practical to integrate community pharmacies and PHC. However, the conflictive historical context would need to be overcome with appropriate policy and incentives.
Topics: Humans; Pharmacies; Primary Health Care; Delivery of Health Care; Community Pharmacy Services
PubMed: 36336618
DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.10.007 -
Farmacia Hospitalaria : Organo Oficial... 2023
Topics: Humans; Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacies
PubMed: 36963995
DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2023.03.001