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International Journal of Ophthalmology 2014To investigate the relationship between pinguecula and the use of tandoor ovens.
AIM
To investigate the relationship between pinguecula and the use of tandoor ovens.
METHODS
A total of 539 women, ranging in age from 20 to 86y who attended an outpatient clinic were enrolled. All the patients were asked whether they used tandoor ovens. Women exposed to tandoor ovens (n=286) were accepted as participants in the study group and they were compared with participants in the control group (n=253). The age, presence of pinguecula, duration of exposure to tandoor ovens as years and occupations were recorded for all the subjects.
RESULTS
Mean duration for exposure to tandoor was 20.26y (range 1-62y) in the study group. The rate of pinguecula in the study group was 82.2% (235/286), and the rate in the control group was 37.5% (95/253); this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Pinguecula was seen in 61.2% (330/539) of all the participants.
CONCLUSION
Pinguecula is strongly associated with exposure to tandoor ovens.
PubMed: 25540757
DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.06.19 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2022Ocular disorders are among the most frequent manifestations of psoriatic arthritis. The incidence, type, and severity of these disorders may be influenced by genetics,...
PURPOSE
Ocular disorders are among the most frequent manifestations of psoriatic arthritis. The incidence, type, and severity of these disorders may be influenced by genetics, local environmental factors, and access to ophthalmic treatment. Here we describe the ocular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis among denizens of the Amazon region of Para, Brazil, treated by the rheumatology service of Universidade do Estado do Pará.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study examined 23 psoriatic arthritis patients (median age 47.78 years, no sex predominance) diagnosed according to Caspar's criteria. Disease activity was evaluated according to the Clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis. Ophthalmological examinations performed included visual acuity with distance correction, biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, fundoscopy, Schirmer test I, tear breakup time, fluorescein staining, and lissamine green staining. Patients also completed The Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire.
RESULTS
The most common ophthalmic disorders were dry eye (60.9%), cataracts (56.5%), blepharitis (47.8%), keratitis (43.5%), meibomitis (30.4%), pterygium (26, 1%), and pinguecula (13%). More than half of all patients demonstrated recent onset (>5 years), the peripheral disease type, and severe symptoms according to Clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis.
CONCLUSION
The ocular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis are varied and mainly affect the ocular surface. Regular ophthalmological follow-up is recommended for patients in the early stage with high disease activity.
Topics: Arthritis, Psoriatic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dry Eye Syndromes; Fluorescein; Humans; Middle Aged; Tears
PubMed: 35170643
DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20220086 -
Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 2021Everybody is exposed to ultraviolet radiation and the natural source of ultraviolet radiation is sunlight. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of...
BACKGROUND
Everybody is exposed to ultraviolet radiation and the natural source of ultraviolet radiation is sunlight. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of solar keratopathy, pterygium and cataract and further to evaluate other factors that cause blindness to the inhabitants of the Northern Red Sea Zone islands of Eritrea.
METHODS
It was a community-based cross-sectional study of all people aged 40 years and above, with a census sampling method. Study participants were screened for presence of solar keratopathy and other ocular diseases, and data were collected by a checklist from March 20 to April 20, 2021. Data were entered on an Excel sheet and transported to SPSS version 21. Results were presented with frequencies and percentages and chi-squared bivariable analysis was carried. -value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
The prevalence of solar keratopathy and cataract was 19.6% and 15.8%, respectively. Pterygium (40%) and pinguecula (32.1%) were also commonly found in the community. Participants aged 70 years and above (<0.001), fishermen (<0.001), housewife (<0.001) and females (<0.001) had a higher rate of blindness. The prevalence of solar keratopathy was higher with increased age and work experience (<0.001). Fishermen and housewives had higher rates of solar keratopathy (44.6%) and cataract (30.2%), respectively, (<0.001). Respondents aged 40 to 49 years had the highest prevalence of pterygium (44.1%) and pinguecula (39.1%) (<0.001).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of solar keratopathy, cataract, pterygium and pinguecula was high in the community. Fishermen with increased work experience were having the highest prevalence of blindness and solar keratopathy. Age, occupation, work experience, sex, vision problems and history of eye operations had showed significant association with visual acuity, solar keratopathy, cataract, pterygium, and pinguecula. Community awareness about the preventive aspects of these diseases is highly recommended.
PubMed: 34285465
DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S321413 -
Scientific Reports May 2023Ultraviolet autofluorescence (UVAF) imaging is used to visualise ocular surface changes due to sunlight exposure and so is considered to be a biomarker for UV damage....
Ultraviolet autofluorescence (UVAF) imaging is used to visualise ocular surface changes due to sunlight exposure and so is considered to be a biomarker for UV damage. The conjunctival and scleral thicknesses of participants with and without ocular surface UVAF were measured to examine the UVAF associated tissue thicknesses. The presence of UVAF on the ocular surface was associated with significant differences in tissue thickness including thinner conjunctival epitheliums and thicker scleras but predominantly thickening of the conjunctival stroma. Participants were also classified into four groups according to the presence and absence of UVAF on both the temporal and nasal conjunctivas. It was noted that for those that had only nasal UVAF, the temporal conjunctival stroma was significantly thicker even without the presence of UVAF. Some participants with temporal UVAF had signs of pinguecula observed with slit lamp examination and some had OCT SLO enface imaging darkening. These findings highlight the potential of techniques other than slit lamp examination, including tissue thickness measurement and UVAF photography, in the detection of early UV-related changes to the ocular surface.
Topics: Humans; Sclera; Ultraviolet Rays; Cross-Sectional Studies; Conjunctiva; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37193731
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35062-2 -
BMC Ophthalmology Dec 2019To determine the repeatability of measurements of ocular surface vessel density in normal and diseased eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
BACKGROUND
To determine the repeatability of measurements of ocular surface vessel density in normal and diseased eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS
Ten normal eyes, 10 pinguecula eyes, and 10 pterygium eyes of 30 volunteers were subjected to OCTA (AngioVue Imaging System, Optovue, Inc.). For scanning, we used the corneal adapter module. Each eye was scanned three times in the nasal and temporal directions, separately. AngioVue software was used to generate the ocular surface vessel density. Ocular surface vessel density was defined as the proportion of vessel area with blood flow to the total measurement area (3 × 3 mm). Intersession repeatability of the measurement was summarized as the coefficient of variation (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated by variance component models.
RESULTS
The CVs were less than 5% in all subjects, and the ICCs exceeded 0.9; thus, all measurements showed good repeatability. The nasal vessels densities differed significantly between healthy eyes and eyes with pterygium (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between healthy eyes and eyes with pinguecula (P = 0.466).
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that measurement of ocular surface vessel density by OCTA in normal eyes and eyes with pterygium and pinguecula is repeatable. This preliminary research describes a quantitative and visual method for assessing vessel density of the ocular surface with a high level of consistency.
Topics: Adult; Blood Vessels; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pinguecula; Pterygium; Reproducibility of Results; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 31823755
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1255-2 -
Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 2021This study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical symptoms and findings of patients diagnosed with conjunctivochalasis in our clinic and the risk factors...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical symptoms and findings of patients diagnosed with conjunctivochalasis in our clinic and the risk factors reported in the literature, to determine new possible etiological factors, and to compare routine tear assessment methods with novel strip meniscometry in these patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included patients who presented to our clinic between March 2019 and June 2019 and were diagnosed with conjunctivochalasis. The Ocular Surface Disease Index was used to assess ocular surface symptoms. Anterior segment examination included tear break-up time, corneal staining, localization of conjunctivochalasis, and the presence of pinguecula or pterygium. For each patient, tears were measured using both Schirmer and strip meniscometry. Patients with conjunctivochalasis were evaluated as lid-parallel conjunctival folds grade 1, 2, or 3.
RESULTS
There was a total of 57 participants, including 31 women (54.4%) and 26 men (45.6%). Lid-parallel conjunctival folds grade was found to be statistically significantly associated with dust exposure ( = 0.034). Multiple regression analysis revealed that dust exposure was an independent predictor of being diagnosed with lid-parallel conjunctival folds grade 2 lid-parallel conjunctival folds grade 1 (odds ratio = 3.515, = 0.029). Moreover, Schirmer's test and strip meniscometry results were positively correlated in patients with conjunctivochalasis ( = 0.302 and = 0.022).
CONCLUSION
We conclude that external factors are prominent in patients with conjunctivochalasis, especially dust exposure. In addition, strip meniscometry may be preferred as a more practical and noninvasive alternative to investigate dry eye symptoms in patients with conjunctivochalasis.
PubMed: 34263137
DOI: 10.1177/25158414211027757 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Nov 2023Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue condition presented with clinical manifestations, including ocular involvement in a small percentage. A few cases of uveitis...
INTRODUCTION
Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue condition presented with clinical manifestations, including ocular involvement in a small percentage. A few cases of uveitis were described in the literature, especially in CREST syndrome.
CASE PRESENTATION
The authors reported a case of a 48-year-old male with a blurred vision in his left eye that diagnosed with recurrent uveitis in the setting of CREST syndrome, treated with prednisolone, methotrexate, and golimumab, with improvement.
DISCUSSION
Ocular manifestations of systemic sclerosis include palpebral alterations, keratoconjunctivitis, sicca syndrome, cataracts, pinguecula, and blepharitis. To our knowledge, this is the fifth case of uveitis in a setting of CREST syndrome in the literature, and the first one in sex involvement, as the previous cases were females, and in its treatment by golimumab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor inhibitor.
CONCLUSION
Although this association is low, we believe that it should be taken into consideration when treating these situations to obtain better treatment results. Collaboration between rheumatologists and ophthalmologists is necessary in deciding on treatment.
PubMed: 37915625
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001282 -
International Medical Case Reports... 2017To describe an unusual case of unilateral, chronic symptoms and signs of dry eye, and recurrent episodes of ocular irritation related to pinguecula, which were...
PURPOSE
To describe an unusual case of unilateral, chronic symptoms and signs of dry eye, and recurrent episodes of ocular irritation related to pinguecula, which were refractory to prior medical treatments, successfully treated with argon laser photocoagulation.
METHODS
A 36-year-old man presented with an elevated yellowish mass on his conjunctiva in his left eye, which was associated with dry eye symptoms and general discomfort, such as "tightening sensation" and "stiffness". On clinical assessment, the left eye revealed a mild conjunctival injection, a fluorescein break-up time (FBUT) of 3.5 s, an abnormal fluorescein staining, and a Schirmer test of 5 mm. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging evidenced a height at the most elevated point of the pinguecula of 740 µm. The patient underwent argon-laser photocoagulation.
RESULTS
After 2 weeks postoperatively, no residual of pinguecula or focal injection of the conjunctiva was detected by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and there was a significant improvement of clinical symptoms and signs: Schirmer test and FBUT increased to 12 mm and >10 s, respectively, and fluorescein staining was absent. OCT imaging revealed a smooth structure of conjunctival contour, with a height of 404 µm. According to an ex juvantibus line of reasoning, definitive diagnosis was pinguecula-related dry eye disease.
CONCLUSION
Based on the concept that tear film instability and inflammation are two key components of the pathogenesis of dry eye, we coined the term "pinguecula-related dry eye disease," which can be successfully treated by a complete, accurate removal of the lesion with argon laser photocoagulation.
PubMed: 28769593
DOI: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S138786 -
The Ocular Surface Jul 2015To evaluate the use of a commercially available, high-resolution, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) device in the diagnosis of corneal and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To evaluate the use of a commercially available, high-resolution, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) device in the diagnosis of corneal and conjunctival pathologies, with a focus on malignant lesions.
METHODS
Eighty-two eyes of 71 patients were enrolled in this prospective case series, including 10 normal eyes, 21 with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), 24 with a pterygium or pingueculum, 3 with lymphoma, 18 with pigmented conjunctival lesions (nevus, flat melanosis, or melanoma), and 6 with Salzmann nodular degeneration. Subjects were imaged using photography and HR-OCT (RTVue, Optovue, Fremont, CA). When clinically indicated, surgery was performed and histopathologic specimens were correlated with OCT images.
RESULTS
HR-OCT was useful in differentiating among various lesions based on optical signs. Specifically, in OSSN, HR-OCT findings included epithelial thickening and hyper-reflectivity, whereas pterygia and pinguecula showed a subepithelial mass under thinner epithelium. In lymphoma, a hypo-reflective, homogenous subepithelial mass was observed. Differentiating between pigmented lesions with HR-OCT was more difficult, but certain characteristics could be identified. Eyes with nevi and melanoma both displayed intensely hyper-reflective basal epithelial layers and discrete subepithelial lesions, but could be differentiated by the presence of cysts in nevi and intense shadowing of sublesional tissue in most melanomas.
CONCLUSION
We found that a commercially available HR-OCT was a useful noninvasive adjunctive tool in the diagnosis of ocular surface lesions.
Topics: Conjunctiva; Conjunctival Diseases; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 26045235
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.02.001 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2021Recently, it has been recommended that population-based studies report not only frequencies of vision impairment and blindness but also any ocular abnormalities that...
Recently, it has been recommended that population-based studies report not only frequencies of vision impairment and blindness but also any ocular abnormalities that might lead an individual to seek for eyecare services. The current study aimed to determine prevalence of ocular findings regardless of visual acuity (VA) status in older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region. Disturbances were grouped into: Eyelids; Anterior Segment; Posterior Segment; Increased intraocular pressure; and Overall Globe. The presence of an ocular finding was considered positive when any abnormality was noted, regardless of VA. Refractive errors were not considered. A total 2384 eligible persons were enumerated and 2041 (85.6%) examined. The prevalence of ocular disturbances in either eye was 87.0% and was associated with male gender, older age, lower education, and rural residence. Overall, main findings were pterygium, cataract, and pinguecula, occurring in 58.8%, 45.4% and 17.4%, respectively. Among individuals with 20/20 VA in both eyes, the most frequent findings were pterygium, pinguecula, and glaucoma cupping, occurring in 47.4%, 31.2% and 6.5%, respectively. The high prevalence of ocular findings observed in this population reinforces that different conditions might not immediately decrease VA but can indicate risk and/or discomfort symptoms and should be considered when planning public health ophthalmic services.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brazil; Eye Diseases; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 34887482
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03172-4