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AMA Journal of Ethics Apr 2018We review Kevin Chung and colleagues' 2009 article, "A Systematic Review of Ethical Principles in the Plastic Surgery Literature," which shows that only 110 of the more...
We review Kevin Chung and colleagues' 2009 article, "A Systematic Review of Ethical Principles in the Plastic Surgery Literature," which shows that only 110 of the more than 100,000 plastic surgery articles clearly focus on ethical principles. The four fundamental ethical principles (i.e., respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice) were differentially emphasized, with respect for autonomy being most common. Despite the number of ethical issues faced by plastic surgeons, this systematic review found that a relatively small fraction of the plastic surgery literature has focused on ethical principles. Here, we highlight the importance of this analysis and discuss how its findings might be extrapolated from plastic surgery ethics to surgical ethics writ large.
Topics: Beneficence; Humans; Moral Obligations; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Social Justice; Surgery, Plastic
PubMed: 29671728
DOI: 10.1001/journalofethics.2018.20.4.nlit1-1804 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Feb 2020Advances in medical technology coupled with rapid growth of web-based mass media and social networking services have considerably increased public access to cosmetic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Advances in medical technology coupled with rapid growth of web-based mass media and social networking services have considerably increased public access to cosmetic surgery. In South Korea, in particular, the number of people undergoing cosmetic surgery has been rapidly increasing, and studies related to cosmetic surgery have markedly increased. We report an integrative review of studies examining the relationship between cosmetic surgery and self-esteem in Korea. We aimed to identify relevant variables and determine their overall effect sizes.
METHODS
This study was designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Two researchers separately performed the literature search, selected 16 papers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analyzed them.
RESULTS
Of the 16 papers on cosmetic surgery and self-esteem, 5 (33.3%) involved both men and women, and the remaining 11 (66.7%) involved only women. The respondents included teenagers and adults. The total number of respondents was 6296, with an average of 393.5 per paper. Most studies (n = 13, 81.3%) used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Self-esteem was correlated with variables grouped into the following six categories: appearance management intention, cosmetic surgery intention, sociocultural attitude, body satisfaction, BMI, and stress. The effect sizes from the meta-analysis with correlation coefficients were 0.157, - 0.118, 0.023, 0.175, - 0.045, and - 0.085.
CONCLUSIONS
Among the relevant variables categorized in this study, sociocultural attitude, BMI, and stress showed weak effect sizes, and the appearance management intention, cosmetic surgery intention, and body satisfaction categories showed intermediate effect sizes. The results of this study are expected to serve as a concrete basis for the development of strategies to minimize the adverse effects of the ever-growing cosmetic surgery industry. This information can help elucidate the psychologic characteristics of individuals seeking cosmetic surgery and contribute to optimal medical outcomes.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attitude; Body Image; Female; Humans; Male; Republic of Korea; Self Concept; Surgery, Plastic
PubMed: 31637500
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01515-1 -
La Clinica Terapeutica 2017The only interventions deemed ethically acceptable are those that serve the "objective interest" of the minors involved from the standpoint of and conducive to sound... (Review)
Review
The only interventions deemed ethically acceptable are those that serve the "objective interest" of the minors involved from the standpoint of and conducive to sound mental health and balance in a patient's teenage years; by the same token, disproportionate interventions (e.g. overly invasive or pointlessly risky), or all those deemed unsuitable with regards to a poor cost-benefit ratio are viewed as unacceptable. In the process of considering the best interest of the minors involved, a wide array of factors come into play, such as: age, maturity, psychological and emotional conditions, motivations put forth by the underage patient, the opportunity to procrastinate the operation: parents, who are naturally entitled to give consent to the surgical procedures, and physicians are primarily liable to safeguard and act in the minor's best interest. The authors attempt to lay out how medical science has evolved over the past century, and aim to set forth an array of considerations centered on cosmetic surgery for adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Ethics, Clinical; Humans; Informed Consent; Morals; Parents; Surgery, Plastic
PubMed: 29209695
DOI: 10.7417/T.2017.2044 -
The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryPlastic surgery has grown rapidly over the past decade, with increasing scientific output. The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a considerable impact...
BACKGROUND
Plastic surgery has grown rapidly over the past decade, with increasing scientific output. The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a considerable impact on plastic surgery.
OBJECTIVE
To identify trends in published literature in plastic surgery from 2011 to 2021. To explore the impact of COVID-19 on scientific research output through bibliometric analysis methods.
METHODS
Web of Science was searched by authors on December 23, 2021. Published papers about plastic surgery over the last decade were analyzed. The search output was imported into VOSviewer for science mapping.
RESULTS
The actual number of papers related to plastic surgery during the COVID-19 period was higher than expected one. For scientific outputs in plastic surgery, keywords about surgical practice had a high frequency. "Reconstruction," "effect," "flap," "tissue," "defect," "model" maintained a high level of heat before and after COVID-19. The heat of "risk," "complication," "review," "infection," "cohort," and "meta-analysis" increased after the outbreak of COVID-19. The international collaboration showed an upward trend despite the impact of COVID-19. From the perspective of the volume of plastic surgery publications, some journals had a more positive performance compared to the pre-epidemic period. The proportion of original articles decreased after the spread of COVID-19 from 70.26% to 63.84%.
CONCLUSION
Although the COVID-19 has a profound impact on the healthcare industry, the bibliographic data reveals an increasing scientific output in the field of plastic surgery over time. For plastic surgery, high-frequency terms, research hotspots, popular journals, article types, and international collaboration have changed under the influence of COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; Surgery, Plastic; COVID-19; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Bibliometrics; Publications
PubMed: 36184772
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009021 -
Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2024This work aims to review the existing use of robotics in plastic surgery. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This work aims to review the existing use of robotics in plastic surgery.
METHODS
A meticulous selection process identified 22 articles relevant to this scoping review.
RESULTS
The literature on the use of robotics in plastic surgery is sparse. Nonetheless, this review highlights emerging benefits in microsurgery, breast reconstruction, and transoral surgery.
CONCLUSION
This scoping review identifies critical articles reporting the emerging use of robotics in plastic surgery. While the scientific medical community has yet to extensively document its use, the available evidence suggests a promising future for robotics in this field.
Topics: Humans; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgery, Plastic; Microsurgery; Mammaplasty
PubMed: 38747887
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RW0710 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2021Predictive factors associated with postoperative mortality have not been extensively studied in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Predictive factors associated with postoperative mortality have not been extensively studied in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a systemic inflammation index, has been shown to have a predictive value in surgery. We aimed to evaluate association between preoperative NLR and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing plastic and reconstructive surgery. From January 2011 to July 2019, we identified 7089 consecutive adult patients undergoing plastic and reconstructive surgery. The patients were divided according to median value of preoperative NLR of 1.84. The low NLR group was composed of 3535 patients (49.9%), and 3554 patients (50.1%) were in the high NLR group. The primary outcome was mortality during the first year, and overall mortality and acute kidney injury were also compared. In further analysis, outcomes were compared according to quartile of NLR, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to estimate the threshold associated with 1-year mortality. This observational study showed that mortality during the first year after plastic and reconstructive surgery was significantly increased in the high NLR group (0.7% vs. 3.5%; hazard ratio, 4.23; 95% confidence interval, 2.69-6.63; p < 0.001), and a graded association was observed between preoperative NLR and 1-year mortality. The estimated threshold of preoperative NLR was 2.5, with an area under curve of 0.788. Preoperative NLR may be associated with 1-year mortality after plastic and reconstructive surgery. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Biomarkers; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Preoperative Care; Prognosis; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Surgery, Plastic; Survival Rate
PubMed: 34728689
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00901-7 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Nov 2020There is a paucity of research comparing journal articles that accrue numerous citations with those that accrue few citations over time. Understanding differences...
BACKGROUND
There is a paucity of research comparing journal articles that accrue numerous citations with those that accrue few citations over time. Understanding differences between journal articles can help direct investigators in designing and conducting their research.
METHODS
Using advanced bibliometric tools, we queried four plastic surgery journals (Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Annals of Plastic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Microsurgery) for primary research articles published between 1998 and 2008 accruing zero or one citations with at least a 10-y lag time. Forty-seven articles were identified as low citation and were compared with an equal number of articles in the same journals that accrued the highest number of citations in the same period as high citation (HC). The data were analyzed using Student t-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher exact tests. The level of significance was established at P < 0.05.
RESULTS
When compared with the HC cohort, the low citation articles were more likely to be nonclinical (P < 0.001), have no plastic surgery authors (P = 0.0026), and focus on the field of microsurgery (P = 0.003). The HC cohort was more likely to have higher sample sizes (P = 0.0339), focus on aesthetic/cosmetic surgery (P = 0.003), have a higher number of other disciplines included on authorship (P < 0.001), references (P = 0.0451), manuscript pages (P < 0.001), and words in the abstract (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
A small number of articles published in four plastic surgery journals were uncited during a 10-y period. There are qualitative and quantitative differences between highly and lowly cited articles in the plastic surgery literature. Investigators should consider these differences when designing and conducting studies.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Biomedical Research; Publications; Research Design; Surgery, Plastic
PubMed: 32279891
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.02.009 -
Annals of Plastic Surgery May 2023
Topics: Humans; Surgery, Plastic; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Evidence-Based Medicine
PubMed: 36440909
DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003329 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024A hallmark of plastic and reconstructive surgery is restoring form and function. Historically, tissue procured from healthy portions of a patient's body has been used to... (Review)
Review
A hallmark of plastic and reconstructive surgery is restoring form and function. Historically, tissue procured from healthy portions of a patient's body has been used to fill defects, but this is limited by tissue availability. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are stem cells derived from the de-differentiation of mature somatic cells. hiPSCs are of particular interest in plastic surgery as they have the capacity to be re-differentiated into more mature cells, and cultured to grow tissues. This review aims to evaluate the applications of hiPSCs in the plastic surgery context, with a focus on recent advances and limitations. The use of hiPSCs and non-human iPSCs has been researched in the context of skin, nerve, vasculature, skeletal muscle, cartilage, and bone regeneration. hiPSCs offer a future for regenerated autologous skin grafts, flaps comprised of various tissue types, and whole functional units such as the face and limbs. Also, they can be used to model diseases affecting tissues of interest in plastic surgery, such as skin cancers, epidermolysis bullosa, and scleroderma. Tumorigenicity, immunogenicity and pragmatism still pose significant limitations. Further research is required to identify appropriate somatic origin and induction techniques to harness the epigenetic memory of hiPSCs or identify methods to manipulate epigenetic memory.
Topics: Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Surgery, Plastic; Cell Differentiation; Skin; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 38339142
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031863 -
Journal of Graduate Medical Education Apr 2017With increasing public awareness of and greater coverage for gender-confirming surgery by insurers, more transgender patients are likely to seek surgical transition. The...
BACKGROUND
With increasing public awareness of and greater coverage for gender-confirming surgery by insurers, more transgender patients are likely to seek surgical transition. The degree to which plastic surgery and urology trainees are prepared to treat transgender patients is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
We assessed the number of hours dedicated to transgender-oriented education in plastic surgery and urology residencies, and the impact of program director (PD) attitudes on provision of such training.
METHODS
PDs of all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited plastic surgery (91) and urology (128) programs were invited to participate. Surveys were completed between November 2015 and March 2016; responses were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
In total, 154 PDs (70%) responded, and 145 (66%) completed the survey, reporting a yearly median of 1 didactic hour and 2 clinical hours of transgender content. Eighteen percent (13 of 71) of plastic surgery and 42% (31 of 74) of urology programs offered no didactic education, and 34% (24 of 71) and 30% (22 of 74) provided no clinical exposure, respectively. PDs of programs located in the southern United States were more likely to rate transgender education as unimportant or neutral (23 of 37 [62%] versus 39 of 105 [37%]; = .017). PDs who rated transgender education as important provided more hours of didactic content (median, 1 versus 0.75 hours; = .001) and clinical content (median, 5 versus 0 hours; < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
A substantial proportion of plastic surgery and urology residencies provide no education on transgender health topics, and those that do, provide variable content. PD attitudes toward transgender-specific education appear to influence provision of training.
Topics: Curriculum; Education, Medical, Graduate; Humans; Internship and Residency; Surgery, Plastic; Transgender Persons; United States; Urology
PubMed: 28439350
DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-16-00417.1