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Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Aug 2010This narrative review provides an overview on the topic of bias as part of a series of articles in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery on evidence-based medicine. Bias... (Review)
Review
This narrative review provides an overview on the topic of bias as part of a series of articles in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery on evidence-based medicine. Bias can occur in the planning, data collection, analysis, and publication phases of research. Understanding research bias allows readers to critically and independently review the scientific literature and avoid treatments that are suboptimal or potentially harmful. A thorough understanding of bias and how it affects study results is essential for the practice of evidence-based medicine.
Topics: Bias; Biomedical Research; Clinical Trials as Topic; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Male; Publication Bias; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgery, Plastic; United States
PubMed: 20679844
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181de24bc -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Jul 2011As the name suggests, evidence-based medicine (EBM), is about finding evidence and using that evidence to make clinical decisions. A cornerstone of EBM is the...
As the name suggests, evidence-based medicine (EBM), is about finding evidence and using that evidence to make clinical decisions. A cornerstone of EBM is the hierarchical system of classifying evidence. This hierarchy is known as the levels of evidence. Physicians are encouraged to find the highest level of evidence to answer clinical questions. Several papers published in Plastic Surgery journals concerning EBM topics have touched on this subject. Specifically, previous papers have discussed the lack of higher level evidence in PRS and need to improve the evidence published in the journal. Before that can be accomplished, it is important to understand the history behind the levels and how they should be interpreted. This paper will focus on the origin of levels of evidence, their relevance to the EBM movement and the implications for the field of plastic surgery as well as the everyday practice of plastic surgery.
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; Surgery, Plastic
PubMed: 21701348
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318219c171 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Dec 2020This editorial explores value in relation to plastic surgery and strategies that have been suggested to deliver value-based healthcare. We consider how value is...
This editorial explores value in relation to plastic surgery and strategies that have been suggested to deliver value-based healthcare. We consider how value is measured, accounting for patient outcomes and experiences, costs and equity, and describe strategies that might improve value, such as outcome-based reimbursement, reporting transparency and high volume specialist centres.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Health Care Costs; Humans; Quality of Health Care; Surgery, Plastic; Value-Based Purchasing
PubMed: 32859568
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.019 -
Body Image Sep 2016Our aim was to systematically review the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in a variety of settings. Weighted prevalence estimate and 95% confidence intervals... (Review)
Review
Our aim was to systematically review the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in a variety of settings. Weighted prevalence estimate and 95% confidence intervals in each study were calculated. The weighted prevalence of BDD in adults in the community was estimated to be 1.9%; in adolescents 2.2%; in student populations 3.3%; in adult psychiatric inpatients 7.4%; in adolescent psychiatric inpatients 7.4%; in adult psychiatric outpatients 5.8%; in general cosmetic surgery 13.2%; in rhinoplasty surgery 20.1%; in orthognathic surgery 11.2%; in orthodontics/cosmetic dentistry settings 5.2%; in dermatology outpatients 11.3%; in cosmetic dermatology outpatients 9.2%; and in acne dermatology clinics 11.1%. Women outnumbered men in the majority of settings but not in cosmetic or dermatological settings. BDD is common in some psychiatric and cosmetic settings but is poorly identified.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Dysmorphic Disorders; Body Image; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dermatology; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Medicine; Middle Aged; Referral and Consultation; Rhinoplasty; Surgery, Plastic; Young Adult
PubMed: 27498379
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.07.003 -
Pediatric Annals Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Child; Surgery, Plastic; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 36625803
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20221114-01 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Feb 2018Patients often seek guidance from the aesthetic practitioners regarding treatments to enhance their 'beauty'. Is there a science behind the art of assessment and if so... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Patients often seek guidance from the aesthetic practitioners regarding treatments to enhance their 'beauty'. Is there a science behind the art of assessment and if so is it measurable? Through the centuries, this question has challenged scholars, artists and surgeons.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study aims to undertake a review of the evidence behind quantitative facial measurements in assessing beauty to help the practitioner in everyday aesthetic practice.
METHODS
A Medline, Embase search for beauty, facial features and quantitative analysis was undertaken.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Inclusion criteria were studies on adults, and exclusions included studies undertaken for dental, cleft lip, oncology, burns or reconstructive surgeries. The abstracts and papers were appraised, and further studies excluded that were considered inappropriate. The data were extracted using a standardised table. The final dataset was appraised in accordance with the PRISMA checklist and Holland and Rees' critique tools.
RESULTS
Of the 1253 studies screened, 1139 were excluded from abstracts and a further 70 excluded from full text articles. The remaining 44 were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. It became evident that the datasets were not comparable. Nevertheless, common themes were obvious, and these were summarised.
CONCLUSION
Despite measures of the beauty of individual components to the sum of all the parts, such as symmetry and the golden ratio, we are yet far from establishing what truly constitutes quantitative beauty. Perhaps beauty is truly in the 'eyes of the beholder' (and perhaps in the eyes of the subject too).
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Beauty; Esthetics; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Evidence-Based Medicine; Face; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Surgery, Plastic; Visual Perception
PubMed: 29313062
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-017-1032-7 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Jul 2018The 200th anniversary of K. F. Graefe's "Rhinoplasty," E. Zeis' naming of the specialty of plastic surgery in 1838, and the continuing discussion on what is plastic... (Review)
Review
The 200th anniversary of K. F. Graefe's "Rhinoplasty," E. Zeis' naming of the specialty of plastic surgery in 1838, and the continuing discussion on what is plastic surgery have prompted this historical-conceptual review with a semantic insight into the meaning of the word "plastic." A literature search has revealed that this term contains dual aspects: artistic and philosophical. The progressive development of these two connotations can be traced from their origin in the ceramics and the myths of ancient Greeks to their metamorphoses in fine arts, science, and philosophy of plasticity of the modern day. Although the names of plastic procedures and the title of the specialty carry both the artistic and philosophical features, the philosophical notion is less evident. This article underlines the importance of etymology in the interpretation of the concept of plastic surgery.
Topics: History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans; Philosophy, Medical; Rhinoplasty; Surgery, Plastic; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 29685841
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2018.03.001 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Jan 2016The rapid ascent of nanotechnology and regenerative therapeutics as applied to medicine and surgery has seen an exponential rise in the scale of research generated in... (Review)
Review
The rapid ascent of nanotechnology and regenerative therapeutics as applied to medicine and surgery has seen an exponential rise in the scale of research generated in this field. This is evidenced not only by the sheer volume of papers dedicated to nanotechnology but also in a large number of new journals dedicated to nanotechnology and regenerative therapeutics specifically to medicine and surgery. Aspects of nanotechnology that have already brought benefits to these areas include advanced drug delivery platforms, molecular imaging and materials engineering for surgical implants. Particular areas of interest include nerve regeneration, burns and wound care, artificial skin with nanoelectronic sensors and head and neck surgery. This study presents a review of nanotechnology and regenerative therapeutics, with focus on its applications and implications in plastic surgery.
Topics: Burns; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgery, Plastic; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 26422652
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2015.08.028 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2021Integrative medicine focuses on the human being as a whole-on the body, mind, and spirit-to achieve optimal health and healing. As a synthesis of conventional and...
BACKGROUND
Integrative medicine focuses on the human being as a whole-on the body, mind, and spirit-to achieve optimal health and healing. As a synthesis of conventional and complementary treatment options, integrative medicine combines the pathological with the salutogenetic approach of therapy. The aim is to create a holistic system of medicine for the individual. So far, little is known about its role in plastic surgery.
HYPOTHESIS
We hypothesize that integrative medicine based on a conventional therapy with additional anthroposophic therapies is very potent and beneficial for plastic surgery patients. Evaluation and consequence of the hypothesis: Additional anthroposophic pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are promising for all areas of plastic surgery. We are convinced that our specific approach will induce further clinical trials to underline its therapeutic potential.
Topics: Humans; Integrative Medicine; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgery, Plastic
PubMed: 33915729
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57040326 -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Surgery, Plastic; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 38095347
DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad360