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Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT Sep 2021The use of synthetic materials for biomedical applications is ever expanding. One of the major requirements for these materials is biocompatibility, which includes...
The use of synthetic materials for biomedical applications is ever expanding. One of the major requirements for these materials is biocompatibility, which includes prevention of immune system responses. Due to the inherent complexity of their structural composition, the polyurethane (PU) family of polymers is being used in a variety of medical applications, from soft and hard tissue scaffolds to intricate coatings on implantable devices. Herein, we investigated whether two polymer materials, D3 and D7, induced an immune response, measured by their effects on a dendritic cell (DC) line, JAWS II. Using a lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay and Annexin V/PI staining, we found that the PU materials did not induce cytotoxicity in DC cells. Using confocal microscopy, we also showed that the materials did not induce activation or maturation, as compared to positive controls. This was confirmed by looking at various markers, CD80, CD86, MHC class I, and MHC class II, via flow cytometry. Overall, the results indicated that the investigated PU films are biocompatible in terms of immunotoxicology and immunogenicity and show great promise for use in regenerative medicine.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Survival; Dendritic Cells; Ethers; Materials Testing; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nanostructures; Polyurethanes; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 33417269
DOI: 10.1002/jat.4136 -
PloS One 2021The catheter is the only intravascular portion of an implanted port and plays a crucial role in catheter related complications. Both polyurethane and silicone are...
INTRODUCTION
The catheter is the only intravascular portion of an implanted port and plays a crucial role in catheter related complications. Both polyurethane and silicone are biocompatible materials which are utilized for catheter manufacturing, but their correlation to complications remains controversial. The aim of this study was to try to analyze the relationship between catheter materials and complications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 3144 patients who underwent intravenous port implantation between March 2012 and December 2018 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan were recruited. Of these, 1226 patients received silicone catheter port implantation and 1679 received polyurethane catheter ports. Case matching was done prior to analysis and catheter related complications and cumulative complication incidence for each group were compared.
RESULTS
Intergroup differences were identified in entry vessel (p = 0.0441), operation year (p < 0.0001), operation method (p = 0.0095), functional period (p < 0.0001), patient follow up status (p < 0.0001), operating time for vessel cutdown (p < 0.0001) and wire assisted approach (p = 0.0008). Stratified by specific entry vessel, no statistical difference was found in complication rate or incidence between the silicone and polyurethane groups. We further compared the cumulative complication incidence of the silicone and polyurethane groups, and also found no statistical difference (p = 0.4451).
CONCLUSION
As long as external stress forces generated by surrounding structures and focused on potential weak points are avoided, both silicone and polyurethane materials provide sufficient structural stability to serve as reliable vascular access for patients.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Catheterization, Central Venous; Catheters, Indwelling; Equipment Failure; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Functional Performance; Polyurethanes; Silicones; Taiwan; Vena Cava, Superior
PubMed: 34705838
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253818 -
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering Nov 2023The solid-aqueous boundary formed upon biomaterial implantation provides a playground for most biochemical reactions and physiological processes involved in implant-host...
The solid-aqueous boundary formed upon biomaterial implantation provides a playground for most biochemical reactions and physiological processes involved in implant-host interactions. Therefore, for biomaterial development, optimization, and application, it is essential to understand the biomaterial-water interface in depth. In this study, oxygen plasma-functionalized polyurethane surfaces that can be successfully utilized in contact with the tissue of the respiratory system were prepared and investigated. Through experiments, the influence of plasma treatment on the physicochemical properties of polyurethane was investigated by atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and contact angle measurements, supplemented with biological tests using the A549 cell line and two bacteria strains ( and ). The molecular interpretation of the experimental findings was achieved by molecular dynamics simulations employing newly developed, fully atomistic models of unmodified and plasma-functionalized polyurethane materials to characterize the polyurethane-water interfaces at the nanoscale in detail. The experimentally obtained polar and dispersive surface free energies were consistent with the calculated free energies, verifying the adequacy of the developed models. A 20% substitution of the polymeric chain termini by their oxidized variants was observed in the experimentally obtained plasma-modified polyurethane surface, indicating the surface saturation with oxygen-containing functional groups.
Topics: Polyurethanes; Biocompatible Materials; Surface Properties; Water; Oxygen
PubMed: 37909715
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01367 -
Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi =... Jan 2021Anastomotic leakages and adhesions after gastrointestinal tract surgery are still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The rate of anastomotic leakage is...
BACKGROUND
Anastomotic leakages and adhesions after gastrointestinal tract surgery are still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The rate of anastomotic leakage is 3%-8%, whereas the mortality from leakage is over 30%. Intra-abdominal sepsis is a well-known cause of anastomotic leakage. In addition, intra-abdominal adhesion is a major cause of hospital admissions and reoperations and is associated with morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of a polyurethane membrane on anastomotic healing and intra-abdominal adhesions.
METHODS
This study used 32 Wistar albino rats divided into four groups. Standard resection of left colon 2 cm above the peritoneal reflection and colonic anastomosis were performed after causing abdominal sepsis through caecal ligation and perforation. The control groups (1 and 3) received no further treatment. The experimental groups (2 and 4) received the polyurethane membrane around the colonic anastomosis. Burst pressure, hydroxyproline, interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured, and histopathological characteristics of the anastomosis were analyzed after re-laparotomy. Moreover, adhesion scores were measured.
RESULTS
No statistically significant differences were found in the mean burst pressure levels between sacrificed animals on days three and five (p=0.259, p=0.177). When all the groups were compared, no significant difference was observed in the hydroxyproline, NO, and IL-6 levels (p=0.916, p=0.429, p=0.793, p=0.332, p=0.400, p=0.317). However, in groups 2 and 4, the tPA levels were significantly increased by Opsite therapy (p=0.001, p=0.003), and a statistically significant difference was observed in the adhesion scores (p<0.035). Groups 2 and 4 had significantly lower adhesion scores than groups 1 and 3.
CONCLUSION
We found that Opsite therapy had no positive or negative effects on histopathological and biochemical healing in the experimental septic colon anastomosis model. However, the perianastomotic application of polyurethane membrane effectively decreased the intra-abdominal adhesions.
Topics: Anastomotic Leak; Animals; Colon; Membranes, Artificial; Polyurethanes; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sepsis; Tissue Adhesions; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33394469
DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2020.41624 -
Emergencias : Revista de La Sociedad... Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Polyurethanes; Eating
PubMed: 37801425
DOI: 10.55633/s3me/E034.2023 -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology Jan 2022The aim of this study was to construct an anthropomorphic maxillofacial phantom for dental imaging and dosimetry purposes using three-dimensional (3D) printing...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to construct an anthropomorphic maxillofacial phantom for dental imaging and dosimetry purposes using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and materials that simulate the radiographic properties of tissues.
METHODS
Stereolithography photoreactive resins, polyurethane rubber and epoxy resin were modified by adding calcium carbonate and strontium carbonate powders or glass bubbles. These additives were used to change the materials' CT numbers to mimic various body tissues. A maxillofacial phantom was designed using CT images of a head.
RESULTS
Commercial 3D printing resins were found to have CT numbers near 120 HU and were used to print intervertebral discs and an external skin for the maxillofacial phantom. By adding various amounts of calcium carbonate and strontium carbonate powders the CT number of the resin was raised to 1000 & 1500 HU and used to print bone mimics. Epoxy resin modified by adding glass bubbles was used in assembly and as a cartilaginous mimic. Glass bubbles were added to polyurethane rubber to reduce the CT number to simulate soft tissue and filled spaces between the printed anatomy and external skin of the phantom.
CONCLUSION
The maxillofacial phantom designed for dental imaging and dosimetry constructed using 3D printing, polyurethane rubbers and epoxy resins represented a patient anatomically and radiographically. The results of the designed phantom, materials and assembly process can be applied to generate different phantoms that better represent diverse patient types and accommodate different ion chambers.
Topics: Epoxy Resins; Humans; Phantoms, Imaging; Polyurethanes; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Rubber; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34133225
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200323 -
MicrobiologyOpen Oct 2016Although glutaraldehyde is known to be bactericidal in solution, its potential use to create novel antibacterial polymers suitable for use in healthcare environments has...
Although glutaraldehyde is known to be bactericidal in solution, its potential use to create novel antibacterial polymers suitable for use in healthcare environments has not been evaluated. Here, novel materials were prepared in which glutaraldehyde was either incorporated into polyurethane using a simple "swell-encapsulation-shrink" method (hereafter referred to as "glutaraldehyde-impregnated polyurethane"), or simply applied to the polymer surface (hereafter referred to as "glutaraldehyde-coated polyurethane"). The antibacterial activity of glutaraldehyde-impregnated and glutaraldehyde-coated polyurethane samples was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Glutaraldehyde-impregnated polyurethane resulted in a 99.9% reduction in the numbers of E. coli within 2 h and a similar reduction of S. aureus within 1 h, whereas only a minimal reduction in bacterial numbers was observed when the biocide was bound to the polymer surface. After 15 days, however, the bactericidal activity of the impregnated material was substantially reduced presumably due to polymerization of glutaraldehyde. Thus, although glutaraldehyde retains antibacterial activity when impregnated into polyurethane, activity is not maintained for extended periods of time. Future work should examine the potential of chemical modification of glutaraldehyde and/or polyurethane to improve the useful lifespan of this novel antibacterial polymer.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross Infection; Disinfectants; Escherichia coli; Glutaral; Materials Testing; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polyurethanes; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 27255793
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.378 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Dec 2022For 80 years, polyisocyanates and polyols were central building blocks for the industrial fabrication of polyurethane (PU) foams. By their partial hydrolysis,...
For 80 years, polyisocyanates and polyols were central building blocks for the industrial fabrication of polyurethane (PU) foams. By their partial hydrolysis, isocyanates release CO that expands the PU network. Substituting this toxic isocyanate-based chemistry by a more sustainable variant-that in situ forms CO by hydrolysis of a comonomer-is urgently needed for producing greener cellular materials. Herein, we report a facile, up-scalable process, potentially compatible to existing infrastructures, to rapidly prepare water-induced self-blown non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams. We show that formulations composed of poly(cyclic carbonate)s and polyamines furnish rigid or flexible NIPU foams by partial hydrolysis of cyclic carbonates in the presence of a catalyst. By utilizing readily available low cost starting materials, this simple but robust process gives access to greener PU foams, expectedly responding to the sustainability demands of many sectors.
Topics: Isocyanates; Water; Carbon Dioxide; Polyurethanes
PubMed: 36278827
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213422 -
Environment International Feb 2019Accumulation of microplastic in the environment and food chain will be a grand challenge for our society. Polyurethanes are widely used synthetic polymers in medical...
Accumulation of microplastic in the environment and food chain will be a grand challenge for our society. Polyurethanes are widely used synthetic polymers in medical (e.g. catheters) and industrial products (especially as foams). Polyurethane is not abundant in nature and only a few microbial strains (fungi and bacteria) and enzymes (polyurethaneases and cutinases) have been reported to efficiently degrade polyurethane. Notably, in nature a long period of time (from 50 to >100 years depending on the literature) is required for degradation of plastics. Material binding peptides (e.g. anchor peptides) bind strongly to polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyurethane and can target specifically polymers. In this study we report the fusion of the anchor peptide Tachystatin A2 to the bacterial cutinase Tcur1278 which accelerated the degradation of polyester-polyurethane nanoparticles by a factor of 6.6 in comparison to wild-type Tcur1278. Additionally, degradation half-lives of polyester-polyurethane nanoparticles were reduced from 41.8 h to 6.2 h (6.7-fold) in a diluted polyester-polyurethane suspension (0.04% w/v).
Topics: Actinomycetales; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Nanoparticles; Pichia; Plastics; Polyesters; Polyurethanes; Suspensions
PubMed: 30622067
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.029 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2015Polyurethane resin is a possible alternative to type IV dental stone for fabrication of indirect restorations however its dimensional accuracy is questionable.
CONTEXT
Polyurethane resin is a possible alternative to type IV dental stone for fabrication of indirect restorations however its dimensional accuracy is questionable.
AIM
The aim was to investigate the dimensional accuracy of silica filled polyurethane resin die material by evaluating the marginal fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
Experimental, in vitro study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Totally 40 copper plated replicas of a nickel chrome master die analogous to a veneer gold crown preparation were made and impressions recorded using polyvinylsiloxane material. Twenty impressions were poured in type IV dental stone (control group (Vel-mix, Kerr, UK) and the remaining (n = 20) in silica filled polyurethane die material (test group) (Alpha Die MF, CA, USA). Gold castings were fabricated for each die using standardized techniques. The castings were seated on their respective copper plated dies, embedded in resin and sectioned. The specimens were analyzed by measuring marginal opening and the area beneath the casting at a ×63 magnification and using image analysis software.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Data were analyzed using a Student's t-test.
RESULTS
No significant difference was observed between the experimental groups (P > 0.05). The mean marginal opening for type IV, dental stone and polyurethane resin, was 57 ± 22.6 μm and 63.47 ± 27.1 μm, respectively. Stone displayed a smaller area beneath the casting (31581 ± 16297 μm 2 ) as compared to polyurethane resin (35003 ± 23039 μm 2 ).
CONCLUSIONS
The fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings made on polyurethane and type IV dental stone dies were comparable.
Topics: Copper; Crowns; Dental Casting Technique; Dental Veneers; Gold; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Polyurethanes; Polyvinyls; Siloxanes
PubMed: 25961620
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.156814