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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021Biodegradable and antimicrobial waterborne polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) and their casted solid films have recently emerged as important alternatives to their... (Review)
Review
Biodegradable and antimicrobial waterborne polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) and their casted solid films have recently emerged as important alternatives to their solvent-based and non-biodegradable counterparts for various applications due to their versatility, health, and environmental friendliness. The nanoscale morphology of the PUDs, dispersion stability, and the thermomechanical properties of the solid films obtained from the solvent cast process are strongly dependent on several important parameters, such as the preparation method, polyols, diisocyanates, solid content, chain extension, and temperature. The biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties and biomedical applications can be tailored based on the nature of the polyols, polarity, as well as structure and concentration of the internal surfactants (anionic or cationic). This review article provides an important quantitative experimental basis and structure evolution for the development and synthesis of biodegradable waterborne PUDs and their solid films, with prescribed macromolecular properties and new functions, with the aim of understanding the relationships between polymer structure, properties, and performance. The review article will also summarize the important variables that control the thermomechanical properties and biodegradation kinetics, as well as antimicrobial and biocompatibility behaviors of aqueous PUDs and their films, for certain industrial and biomedical applications.
Topics: Anions; Anti-Infective Agents; Biodegradable Plastics; Humans; Polymers; Polyurethanes; Solvents; Surface-Active Agents; Water
PubMed: 33670378
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040961 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Nov 2023Polyurethanes are a versatile and highly tunable class of materials that possess unique properties including high tensile strength, abrasion and fatigue resistance, and... (Review)
Review
Polyurethanes are a versatile and highly tunable class of materials that possess unique properties including high tensile strength, abrasion and fatigue resistance, and flexibility at low temperatures. The tunability of polyurethane properties has allowed this class of polymers to become ubiquitous in our daily lives in fields as diverse as apparel, appliances, construction, and the automotive industry. Additionally, polyurethanes with excellent biocompatibility and hemocompatibility can be synthesized, enabling their use as biomaterials in the medical field. The tunable nature of polyurethane biomaterials also makes them excellent candidates as drug delivery vehicles, which is the focus of this review. The fundamental idea we aim to highlight in this article is the structure-property-function relationships found in polyurethane systems. Specifically, the chemical structure of the polymer determines its macroscopic properties and dictates the functions for which it will perform well. By exploring the structure-property-function relationships for polyurethanes, we aim to elucidate the fundamental properties that can be tailored to achieve controlled drug release and empower researchers to design new polyurethane systems for future drug delivery applications.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Polyurethanes; Drug Delivery Systems; Polymers
PubMed: 37734672
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.036 -
Biosensors Dec 2022Conductive and stretchable fibers are the cornerstone of intelligent textiles and imperceptible electronics. Among existing fiber conductors, gallium-based liquid metals...
Conductive and stretchable fibers are the cornerstone of intelligent textiles and imperceptible electronics. Among existing fiber conductors, gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) featuring high conductivity, fluidity, and self-healing are excellent candidates for highly stretchable fibers with sensing, actuation, power generation, and interconnection functionalities. However, current LM fibers fabricated by direct injection or surface coating have a limitation in shape programmability. This hinders their applications in functional fibers with tunable electromechanical response and miniaturization. Here, we reported a simple and efficient method to create shape-programmable LM fibers using the phase transition of gallium. Gallium metal wires in the solid state can be easily shaped into a 3D helical structure, and the structure can be preserved after coating the wire with polyurethane and liquifying the metal. The 3D helical LM fiber offered enhanced stretchability with a high breaking strain of 1273% and showed invariable conductance over 283% strain. Moreover, we can reduce the fiber diameter by stretching the fiber during the solidification of polyurethane. We also demonstrated applications of the programmed fibers in self-powered strain sensing, heart rate monitoring, airflow, and humidity sensing. This work provided simple and facile ways toward functional LM fibers, which may facilitate the broad applications of LM fibers in e-skins, wearable computation, soft robots, and smart fabrics.
Topics: Wearable Electronic Devices; Polyurethanes; Electronics; Gallium
PubMed: 36671863
DOI: 10.3390/bios13010028 -
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative... Oct 2022Polyurethane (PU) has been widely examined and used for biomedical applications, such as catheters, blood oxygenators, stents, cardiac valves, drug delivery carriers,... (Review)
Review
Polyurethane (PU) has been widely examined and used for biomedical applications, such as catheters, blood oxygenators, stents, cardiac valves, drug delivery carriers, dialysis devices, wound dressings, adhesives, pacemaker, tissue engineering, and coatings for breast implants due to its mechanical flexibility, high tear strength, biocompatibility, and tailorable foams although bio-acceptability, biodegradability and controlled drug delivery to achieve the desired properties should be considered. Especially, during the last decade, the development of bio-based PUs has raised public awareness because of the concern with global plastic waste for creating more environmentally friended materials. Therefore, it is desirable to discuss polysaccharide (PS)-contained PU for the wound dressing and bone tissue engineering among bio-based PUs because PS has several advantages, such as biocompatibility, reproducibility from the natural resources, degradability, ease of incorporation of bioactive agents, ease of availability and cost-effectiveness, and structural feature of chemical modification to meet the desired needs to overcome the disadvantages of PU itself by containing the PS into the PU.
Topics: Drug Carriers; Humans; Polysaccharides; Polyurethanes; Reproducibility of Results; Suppuration; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 35819712
DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00464-2 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2015Polyurethane resin is a possible alternative to type IV dental stone for fabrication of indirect restorations however its dimensional accuracy is questionable.
CONTEXT
Polyurethane resin is a possible alternative to type IV dental stone for fabrication of indirect restorations however its dimensional accuracy is questionable.
AIM
The aim was to investigate the dimensional accuracy of silica filled polyurethane resin die material by evaluating the marginal fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
Experimental, in vitro study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Totally 40 copper plated replicas of a nickel chrome master die analogous to a veneer gold crown preparation were made and impressions recorded using polyvinylsiloxane material. Twenty impressions were poured in type IV dental stone (control group (Vel-mix, Kerr, UK) and the remaining (n = 20) in silica filled polyurethane die material (test group) (Alpha Die MF, CA, USA). Gold castings were fabricated for each die using standardized techniques. The castings were seated on their respective copper plated dies, embedded in resin and sectioned. The specimens were analyzed by measuring marginal opening and the area beneath the casting at a ×63 magnification and using image analysis software.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Data were analyzed using a Student's t-test.
RESULTS
No significant difference was observed between the experimental groups (P > 0.05). The mean marginal opening for type IV, dental stone and polyurethane resin, was 57 ± 22.6 μm and 63.47 ± 27.1 μm, respectively. Stone displayed a smaller area beneath the casting (31581 ± 16297 μm 2 ) as compared to polyurethane resin (35003 ± 23039 μm 2 ).
CONCLUSIONS
The fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings made on polyurethane and type IV dental stone dies were comparable.
Topics: Copper; Crowns; Dental Casting Technique; Dental Veneers; Gold; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Polyurethanes; Polyvinyls; Siloxanes
PubMed: 25961620
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.156814 -
Biotechnology Advances 2020Polyurethanes (PU) are a family of versatile synthetic polymers intended for diverse applications. Biological degradation of PU is a blooming research domain as it... (Review)
Review
Polyurethanes (PU) are a family of versatile synthetic polymers intended for diverse applications. Biological degradation of PU is a blooming research domain as it contributes to the design of eco-friendly materials sensitive to biodegradation phenomena and the development of green recycling processes. In this field, an increasing number of studies deal with the discovery and characterization of enzymes and microorganisms able to degrade PU chains. The synthesis of short lifespan PU material sensitive to biological degradation is also of growing interest. Measurement of PU degradation can be performed by a wide range of analytical tools depending on the architecture of the materials and the biological entities. Recent developments of these analytical techniques allowed for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in PU biodegradation. Here, we reviewed the evaluation of biological PU degradation, including the required analytics. Advantages, drawbacks, specific uses, and results of these analytics are largely discussed to provide a critical overview and support future studies.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Biodegradation, Environmental; Polyurethanes; Recycling
PubMed: 31689471
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107457 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Aug 2021Plastics are widely used in daily life. Due to poor management and disposal, about 80% of plastic wastes were buried in landfills and eventually became land and ocean... (Review)
Review
Plastics are widely used in daily life. Due to poor management and disposal, about 80% of plastic wastes were buried in landfills and eventually became land and ocean waste, causing serious environmental pollution. Recycling plastics is a desirable approach, but not applicable for most of the plastic waste. Microbial degradation offers an environmentally friendly way to degrade the plastic wastes, and this review summarizes the potential microbes, enzymes, and the underpinning mechanisms for degrading six most commonly used plastics including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyurethane. The challenges and future perspectives on microbial degradation of plastics were proposed.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Plastics; Polyurethanes; Recycling
PubMed: 34472289
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.200624 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Fluorescent dendrimers have wide applications in biomedical and materials science. Here, we report the synthesis of fluorescent polyurethane homodendrimers and Janus...
Fluorescent dendrimers have wide applications in biomedical and materials science. Here, we report the synthesis of fluorescent polyurethane homodendrimers and Janus dendrimers, which often pose challenges due to the inherent reactivity of isocyanates. Polyurethane dendrons (G1-G3) were synthesized via a convergent method using a one-pot multicomponent Curtius reaction as a crucial step to establish urethane linkages. The alkyne periphery of the G1-G3 dendrons was modified by a copper catalyzed azide-alkyne click reaction (CuAAC) to form fluorescent dendrons. In the reaction of the surfaces functionalized two different dendrons with a difunctional core, a mixture of three dendrimers consisting of two homodendrimers and a Janus dendrimer were obtained. The Janus dendrimer accounted for a higher proportion in the products' distribution, being as high as 93% for G3. The photophysical properties of Janus dendrimers showed the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from one to the other fluorophore of the dendrimer. The FRET observation accompanied by a large Stokes shift make these dendrimers potential candidates for the detection and tracking of interactions between the biomolecules, as well as potential candidates for fluorescence imaging.
Topics: Dendrimers; Polyurethanes; Alkynes; Fluorescent Dyes; Azides
PubMed: 36675178
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021662 -
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering Jul 2022Recent decades have seen substantial interest in the development and application of biocompatible shape memory polymers (SMPs), a class of "smart materials" that can...
Recent decades have seen substantial interest in the development and application of biocompatible shape memory polymers (SMPs), a class of "smart materials" that can respond to external stimuli. Although many studies have used SMP platforms triggered by thermal or photothermal events to study cell mechanobiology, SMPs triggered by cell activity have not yet been demonstrated. In a previous work, we developed an SMP that can respond directly to enzymatic activity. Here, our goal was to build on that work by demonstrating enzymatic triggering of an SMP in response to the presence of enzyme-secreting human cells. To achieve this phenomenon, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and Pellethane were dual electrospun to form a fiber mat, where PCL acted as a shape-fixing component that is labile to lipase, an enzyme secreted by multiple cell types including HepG2 (human hepatic cancer) cells, and Pellethane acted as a shape memory component that is enzymatically stable. Cell-responsive shape memory performance and cytocompatibility were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by thermal analysis (thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), surface morphology analysis (scanning electron microscopy), and by incubation with HepG2 cells in the presence or absence of heparin (an anticoagulant drug present in the human liver that increases the secretion of hepatic lipase). The results characterize the shape-memory functionality of the material and demonstrate successful cell-responsive shape recovery with greater than 90% cell viability. Collectively, the results provide the first demonstration of a cytocompatible SMP responding to a trigger that is cellular in origin.
Topics: Humans; Lipase; Polymers; Polyurethanes; Smart Materials
PubMed: 35686739
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00405 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2022The operation of mechanical equipment inevitably generates vibrations and noise, which are harmful to not only the human body but also to the equipment in use. Damping...
The operation of mechanical equipment inevitably generates vibrations and noise, which are harmful to not only the human body but also to the equipment in use. Damping materials, which can convert mechanical energy into thermal energy, possess excellent damping properties in the glass transition region and can alleviate the problems caused by vibration and noise. However, these materials mainly rely on petroleum-based resources, and their glass transition temperatures () are lower than room temperature. Therefore, bio-based materials with high damping properties at room temperature must be designed for sustainable development. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of bio-based millable polyurethane (BMPU)/hindered phenol composites that could overcome the challenges of sustainable development and exhibit high damping properties at room temperature. BMPUs with a high were prepared from modified poly (lactic acid)-based polyols, the unsaturated chain extender trimethylolpropane diallylether, and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and 3,9-Bis-{1,1-dimethyl-2[β-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl-)propionyloxy]ethyl}-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5,5]-undecane (AO-80) was added to prepare BMPU/AO-80 composites. Finally, the properties of the BMPUs and BMPU/AO-80 composites were systematically evaluated. After adding 30 phr of AO-80, the Tg and maximum loss factor (tan δ) of BMPU/AO-80 composites increased from 7.8 °C to 13.5 °C and from 1.4 to 2.0, respectively. The tan δ showed an improvement of 43%. Compared with other polyurethanes, the prepared BMPU/AO-80 composites exhibited higher damping properties at room temperature. This study proposes a new strategy to reduce society's current dependence on fossil resources and design materials featuring high damping properties from sustainable raw materials.
Topics: Polyurethanes; Temperature
PubMed: 35743060
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126618