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Radiology Aug 2016Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST 1.0) describes in detail methods for controlling the quality of fluorine 18... (Review)
Review
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST 1.0) describes in detail methods for controlling the quality of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging conditions to ensure the comparability of PET images from different time points to allow quantitative expression of the changes in PET measurements and assessment of overall treatment response in PET studies. The steps for actual application of PERCIST are summarized. Several issues from PERCIST 1.0 that appear to require clarification, such as measurement of size and definition of unequivocal progression, also are addressed. (©) RSNA, 2016.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 26909647
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016142043 -
Zeitschrift Fur Medizinische Physik Feb 2023Positron emission tomography is a highly sensitive molecular imaging modality, based on the coincident detection of annihilation photons after positron decay. The most... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography is a highly sensitive molecular imaging modality, based on the coincident detection of annihilation photons after positron decay. The most used detector is based on dense, fast, and luminous scintillators read out by light sensors. This review covers the various detector concepts for clinical and preclinical systems.
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Photons
PubMed: 36208967
DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2022.08.004 -
Nature Communications Jun 2023Positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a functional imaging technique that is harnessed to probe biological processes in vivo. PET imaging has been used to... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a functional imaging technique that is harnessed to probe biological processes in vivo. PET imaging has been used to diagnose and monitor the progression of diseases, as well as to facilitate drug development efforts at both preclinical and clinical stages. The wide applications and rapid development of PET have ultimately led to an increasing demand for new methods in radiochemistry, with the aim to expand the scope of synthons amenable for radiolabeling. In this work, we provide an overview of commonly used chemical transformations for the syntheses of PET tracers in all aspects of radiochemistry, thereby highlighting recent breakthrough discoveries and contemporary challenges in the field. We discuss the use of biologicals for PET imaging and highlight general examples of successful probe discoveries for molecular imaging with PET - with a particular focus on translational and scalable radiochemistry concepts that have been entered to clinical use.
Topics: Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiochemistry; Positron-Emission Tomography; Drug Development
PubMed: 37277339
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36377-4 -
Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences Dec 2022Positron emission tomography (PET) as an imaging modality has undergone considerable innovation over the past few decades. Hybrid anatomical and functional imaging has...
Positron emission tomography (PET) as an imaging modality has undergone considerable innovation over the past few decades. Hybrid anatomical and functional imaging has become commonplace (initially PET/CT but now also PET/MRI) with improvements in imaging technology continually delivering studies with increasing diagnostic accuracy and decreasing radiation dose to the patient. More and more radiopharmaceuticals have emerged from the research sphere into clinical practice, with the traditional PET workhorse tracer F-FDG accompanied by a range of novel radiopharmaceuticals with specific molecular targets. Imaging facilities offering PET/CT and PET/MRI provide a unique collaborative environment for the medical imaging multidisciplinary team. Diagnostic radiographers and nuclear medicine technologists especially have the opportunity to not only work together but also share knowledge and technical skills, ultimately benefitting the quality of patient care.
Topics: Humans; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 36334076
DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.629 -
ChemistryOpen Jun 2022The increasing application of positron emission tomography (PET) in nuclear medicine has stimulated the extensive development of a multitude of novel and versatile... (Review)
Review
The increasing application of positron emission tomography (PET) in nuclear medicine has stimulated the extensive development of a multitude of novel and versatile techniques to introduce fluorine-18, especially for the radiolabelling of biologically or pharmacologically active molecules. Taking into consideration that the introduction of fluorine-18 (t =109.8 min) mostly proceeds under harsh conditions, radiolabelling of such molecules represents a challenge and is of enormous interest. Ideally, it should proceed in a regioselective manner under mild physiological conditions, in an acceptable time span, with high yields and high specific activities. Special attention has been drawn to 2-fluoroethyl and 3-fluoropropyl groups, which are often the active sites of radiofluorinated compounds. Precursors containing an ammonium leaving group - such as a strained azetidinium or aziridinium moiety - can help to overcome these obstacles leading to a convenient and mild introduction of [ F]fluoride with high radiochemical yields.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiochemistry; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35736542
DOI: 10.1002/open.202200039 -
Hematological Oncology Jun 2023Positron emission tomography is established for staging and response evaluation in lymphoma using visual evaluation and semi-quantitative analysis. Radiomic analysis... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography is established for staging and response evaluation in lymphoma using visual evaluation and semi-quantitative analysis. Radiomic analysis involving quantitative imaging features at baseline, such as metabolic tumor volume and markers of disease dissemination and changes in the standardized uptake value during treatment are emerging as powerful biomarkers. The combination of radiomic features with clinical risk factors and genomic analysis offers the potential to improve clinical risk prediction. This review discusses the state of current knowledge, progress toward standardization of tumor delineation for radiomic analysis and argues that radiomic features, molecular markers and circulating tumor DNA should be included in clinical trial designs to enable the development of baseline and dynamic risk scores that could further advance the field to facilitate testing of novel treatments and personalized therapy in aggressive lymphomas.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Lymphoma; Genomics; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37294959
DOI: 10.1002/hon.3137 -
Cancer Jul 2022During the past several decades, numerous studies have provided insights into biological characteristics of cancer cells and identified various hallmarks of cancer... (Review)
Review
During the past several decades, numerous studies have provided insights into biological characteristics of cancer cells and identified various hallmarks of cancer acquired in the tumorigenic processes. However, it is still challenging to image these distinctive traits of cancer to facilitate the management of patients in clinical settings. The rapidly evolving field of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has provided opportunities to investigate cancer's biological characteristics in vivo. This article reviews the current status of PET imaging on characterizing hallmarks of cancer and discusses the future directions of PET imaging strategies facilitating in vivo cancer phenotyping.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35417604
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34228 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022The use of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment regimen of certain cancer types, but response assessment has become a difficult task with conventional methods... (Review)
Review
The use of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment regimen of certain cancer types, but response assessment has become a difficult task with conventional methods such as CT/MRT or FDG PET-CT and the classical response criteria such as RECIST or PERCIST which have been developed for chemotherapeutic treatment. Plenty of new tracers have been published to improve the assessment of treatment response and to stratify the patient population. We gathered the information on published tracers (in total, 106 individual SPECT/PET tracers were identified) and performed a descriptor-based analysis; in this way, we classify the tracers with regard to target choice, developability (probability to progress from preclinical stage into the clinic), translatability (probability to be widely applied in the 'real world'), and (assumed) diagnostic quality. In our analysis, we show that most tracers are targeting PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA-4, and CD8 receptors by using antibodies or their fragments. Another finding is that plenty of tracers possess only minor iterations regarding chelators and nuclides instead of approaching the problem in a new innovative way. Based on the data, we suggest an orthogonal approach by targeting intracellular targets with PET-activatable small molecules that are currently underrepresented.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 35630835
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103354 -
The British Journal of Radiology Sep 2020Functional imaging tools have emerged in the last few decades and are increasingly used to assess the function of the human heart . Positron emission tomography (PET) is... (Review)
Review
Functional imaging tools have emerged in the last few decades and are increasingly used to assess the function of the human heart . Positron emission tomography (PET) is used to evaluate myocardial metabolism and blood flow. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool for morphological and functional evaluation of the heart. In cardiology, PET is successfully combined with CT for hybrid cardiac imaging. The effective integration of two imaging modalities allows simultaneous data acquisition combining functional, structural and molecular imaging. After PET/CT has been successfully accepted for clinical practices, hybrid PET/MRI is launched. This review elaborates the current evidence of PET/MRI in cardiovascular imaging and its expected clinical applications for a comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular diseases while highlighting the advantages and limitations of this hybrid imaging approach.
Topics: Heart Diseases; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Myocardial Ischemia; Organ Motion; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32023123
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190836 -
Chemical Society Reviews Jun 2023Carbohydrate diversity is foundational in the molecular literacy that regulates cellular function and communication. Consequently, delineating and leveraging this... (Review)
Review
Carbohydrate diversity is foundational in the molecular literacy that regulates cellular function and communication. Consequently, delineating and leveraging this structure-function interplay continues to be a core research objective in the development of candidates for biomedical diagnostics. A totemic example is the ubiquity of 2-deoxy-2-[F]-fluoro-D-glucose (2-[F]-FDG) as a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET), in which metabolic trapping is harnessed. Building on this clinical success, more complex sugars with unique selectivities are gaining momentum in molecular recognition and personalised medicine: this reflects the opportunities that carbohydrate-specific targeting affords in a broader sense. In this Tutorial Review, key milestones in the development of 2-[F]-FDG and related glycan-based radiotracers for PET are described, with their diagnostic functions, to assist in navigating this rapidly expanding field of interdisciplinary research.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Carbohydrates; Glucose
PubMed: 37171037
DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00037k