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Rheumatology (Oxford, England) May 20222-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET-CT has revolutionized oncological imaging. The cellular processes that make cancer cells visible on FDG PET-CT also occur in a... (Review)
Review
2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET-CT has revolutionized oncological imaging. The cellular processes that make cancer cells visible on FDG PET-CT also occur in a number of inflammatory cells. Exploiting this phenomenon has led to a growth of evidence supporting the use of FDG PET-CT in a wide range of infective and inflammatory diseases. Rheumatological diseases can affect multiple sites within the musculoskeletal system alongside multi-organ extra-articular disease manifestations. Inflammation is central to these diseases, making FDG PET-CT a logical choice. In this review article we describe the various applications of FDG PET-CT in rheumatological diseases using illustrative examples to highlight the beneficial role of FDG PET-CT in each case.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glucose; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rheumatic Diseases
PubMed: 34463703
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab675 -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Jun 2022Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and versatile molecular imaging modality that leverages radiolabeled molecules, known as radiotracers, to... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and versatile molecular imaging modality that leverages radiolabeled molecules, known as radiotracers, to interrogate biochemical processes such as metabolism, enzymatic activity, and receptor expression. The ability to probe specific molecular and cellular events longitudinally in a noninvasive manner makes PET imaging a particularly powerful technique for studying the central nervous system (CNS) in both health and disease. Unfortunately, developing and translating a single CNS PET tracer for clinical use is typically an extremely resource-intensive endeavor, often requiring synthesis and evaluation of numerous candidate molecules. While existing methods are beginning to address the challenge of derisking molecules prior to costly PET studies, most require a significant investment of resources and possess substantial limitations. In the context of CNS drug development, significant time and resources have been invested into the development and optimization of computational methods, particularly involving machine learning, to streamline the design of better CNS therapeutics. However, analogous efforts developed and validated for CNS radiotracer design are conspicuously limited. In this Perspective, we overview the requirements and challenges of CNS PET tracer design, survey the most promising computational methods for CNS drug design, and bridge these two areas by discussing the potential applications and impact of computational design tools in CNS radiotracer design.
Topics: Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Agents; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 35606334
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00269 -
Biochemical Society Transactions Aug 2015The 18-kDA translocator protein (TSPO) is consistently elevated in activated microglia of the central nervous system (CNS) in response to a variety of insults as well as... (Review)
Review
The 18-kDA translocator protein (TSPO) is consistently elevated in activated microglia of the central nervous system (CNS) in response to a variety of insults as well as neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. It is therefore a target of interest for molecular strategies aimed at imaging neuroinflammation in vivo. For more than 20 years, positron emission tomography (PET) has allowed the imaging of TSPO density in brain using [(11)C]-(R)-PK11195, a radiolabelled-specific antagonist of the TSPO that has demonstrated microglial activation in a large number pathological cohorts. The significant clinical interest in brain immunity as a primary or comorbid factor in illness has sparked great interest in the TSPO as a biomarker and a surprising number of second generation TSPO radiotracers have been developed aimed at improving the quality of TSPO imaging through novel radioligands with higher affinity. However, such major investment has not yet resulted in the expected improvement in image quality. We here review the main methodological aspects of TSPO PET imaging with particular attention to TSPO genetics, cellular heterogeneity of TSPO in brain tissue and TSPO distribution in blood and plasma that need to be considered in the quantification of PET data to avoid spurious results as well as ineffective development and use of these radiotracers.
Topics: Humans; Isoquinolines; Microglia; Positron-Emission Tomography; Receptors, GABA
PubMed: 26551697
DOI: 10.1042/BST20150058 -
Cancer Letters Nov 2022Prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) is an excellent molecular imaging technique for prostate cancer. Currently, PSMA PET for... (Review)
Review
Prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) is an excellent molecular imaging technique for prostate cancer. Currently, PSMA PET for patients with primary prostate cancer is supplementary to conventional imaging techniques, according to guidelines. This supplementary function of PSMA PET is due to a lack of systematic review of its strengths, limitations, and potential development direction. Thus, we review PSMA ligands, detection, T, N, and M staging, treatment management, and false results of PSMA PET in clinical studies. We also discuss the strengths and challenges of PSMA PET. PSMA PET can greatly increase the detection rate of prostate cancer and accuracy of T/N/M staging, which facilitates more appropriate treatment for primary prostate cancer. Lastly, we propose that PSMA PET could become the first-line imaging modality for primary prostate cancer, and we describe its potential expanded application.
Topics: Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 36027998
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215883 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023The prevalence of brain cancer has been increasing in recent decades, posing significant healthcare challenges. The introduction of immunotherapies has brought forth... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of brain cancer has been increasing in recent decades, posing significant healthcare challenges. The introduction of immunotherapies has brought forth notable diagnostic imaging challenges for brain tumors. The tumor microenvironment undergoes substantial changes in induced immunosuppression and immune responses following the development of primary brain tumor and brain metastasis, affecting the progression and metastasis of brain tumors. Consequently, effective and accurate neuroimaging techniques are necessary for clinical practice and monitoring. However, patients with brain tumors might experience radiation-induced necrosis or other neuroinflammation. Currently, positron emission tomography and various magnetic resonance imaging techniques play a crucial role in diagnosing and evaluating brain tumors. Nevertheless, differentiating between brain tumors and necrotic lesions or inflamed tissues remains a significant challenge in the clinical diagnosis of the advancements in immunotherapeutics and precision oncology have underscored the importance of clinically applicable imaging measures for diagnosing and monitoring neuroinflammation. This review summarizes recent advances in neuroimaging methods aimed at enhancing the specificity of brain tumor diagnosis and evaluating inflamed lesions.
Topics: Humans; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Precision Medicine; Brain Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Molecular Imaging; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37533851
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211900 -
The British Journal of Radiology Jun 2020Currently, Nuclear Medicine has a clearly defined role in clinical practice due to its usefulness in many medical disciplines. It provides relevant diagnostic and... (Review)
Review
Currently, Nuclear Medicine has a clearly defined role in clinical practice due to its usefulness in many medical disciplines. It provides relevant diagnostic and therapeutic options leading to patients' healthcare and quality of life improvement. During the first two decades of the 21st century, the number of Nuclear Medicine procedures increased considerably.Clinical and research advances in Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging have been based on developments in radiopharmaceuticals and equipment, namely, the introduction of multimodality imaging. In addition, new therapeutic applications of radiopharmaceuticals, mainly in oncology, are underway.This review will focus on radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET), in particular, those labeled with Fluorine-18 and Gallium-68. Multimodality as a key player in clinical practice led to the development of new detector technology and combined efforts to improve resolution. The concept of dual probe (a single molecule labeled with a radionuclide for single photon emission computed tomography)/positron emission tomography and a light emitter for optical imaging) is gaining increasing acceptance, especially in minimally invasive radioguided surgery. The expansion of theranostics, using the same molecule for diagnosis (γ or positron emitter) and therapy (β minus or α emitter) is reshaping personalized medicine.Upcoming research and development efforts will lead to an even wider array of indications for Nuclear Medicine both in diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Nuclear Medicine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 32401541
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200095 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Mar 2022
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myocarditis; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 35272810
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.12.012 -
Theranostics 2018Positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance (MR) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-MR hybrid imaging is being used in daily clinical... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance (MR) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-MR hybrid imaging is being used in daily clinical practice. Due to its advantages over stand-alone PET, SPECT or MR imaging, in many areas such as oncology, the demand for hybrid imaging techniques is increasing dramatically. The use of multimodal imaging probes or biomarkers in a single molecule or particle to characterize the imaging subjects such as disease tissues certainly provides us with more accurate diagnosis and promotes therapeutic accuracy. A limited number of multimodal imaging probes are being used in preclinical and potential clinical investigations. The further development of multimodal PET-MR and SPECT-MR imaging probes includes several key elements: novel synthetic strategies, high sensitivity for accurate quantification and high anatomic resolution, favourable pharmacokinetic profile and target-specific binding of a new probe. This review thoroughly summarizes all recently available and noteworthy PET-MR and SPECT-MR multimodal imaging probes including small molecule bimodal probes, nano-sized bimodal probes, small molecular trimodal probes and nano-sized trimodal probes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive overview of all PET-MR and SPECT-MR multimodal probes. Since the development of multimodal PET-MR and SPECT-MR imaging probes is an emerging research field, a selection of 139 papers were recognized following the literature review. The challenges for designing multimodal probes have also been addressed in order to offer some future research directions for this novel interdisciplinary research field.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Molecular Probes; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 30613293
DOI: 10.7150/thno.26610 -
Biomolecules Oct 2022The use of radiolabelled nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising nuclear medicine tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Thanks to the heterogeneity of their material... (Review)
Review
The use of radiolabelled nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising nuclear medicine tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Thanks to the heterogeneity of their material (organic or inorganic) and their unique physical and chemical characteristics, they are highly versatile for their use in several medical applications. In particular, they have shown interesting results as radiolabelled probes for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The high variability of NP types and the possibility to use several isotopes in the radiolabelling process implies different radiolabelling methods that have been applied over the previous years. In this review, we compare and summarize the different methods for NP radiolabelling with the most frequently used PET isotopes.
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36291726
DOI: 10.3390/biom12101517 -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Dec 2021Mitochondrial dysfunction has been indicated in neurodegenerative and other disorders. The mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) of the electron transport chain (ETC) on the...
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been indicated in neurodegenerative and other disorders. The mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) of the electron transport chain (ETC) on the inner membrane is the electron entry point of the ETC and is essential for the production of reactive oxygen species. Based on a recently identified β-keto-amide type MC-I modulator from our laboratory, an F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, , was prepared. PET/CT imaging studies demonstrated that exhibited rapid brain uptake without significant wash out during the 60 min scanning time. In addition, the binding of was higher in the regions of the brain stem, cerebellum, and midbrain. The uptake of can be significantly blocked by its parent compound. Collectively, the results strongly suggest successful development of MC-I PET tracers from this chemical scaffold that can be used in future mitochondrial dysfunction studies of the central nervous system.
Topics: Brain; Electron Transport Complex I; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 34812607
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00297