-
Journal of Neurochemistry Feb 2023Molecular imaging techniques have become important tools to characterize and measure biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Nowadays, molecular...
Molecular imaging techniques have become important tools to characterize and measure biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Nowadays, molecular imaging techniques are widely used in preclinical and clinical studies to assess the molecular dynamics under physiological conditions and during pathological processes. This special issue on Brain Imaging (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1111/[ISSN]1471-4159.brain-imaging) will highlight some of the recent advances in developing new tools and applying molecular imaging techniques to understand biomarker dynamics in health and diseases.
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Brain; Biomarkers; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 36382604
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15705 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Jan 2018The new technology of PET/MRI is a prototype of hybrid imaging, allowing for the combination of molecular data from PET scanning and morphofunctional information derived... (Review)
Review
The new technology of PET/MRI is a prototype of hybrid imaging, allowing for the combination of molecular data from PET scanning and morphofunctional information derived from MRI scanning. Recent advances regarding the technical aspects of this device, especially after the development of MRI-compatible silicon photomultipliers of PET, permitted an increase in the diagnostic performance of PET/MRI translated into dose reduction and higher imaging quality. Among several clinical applications, PET/MRI gains ground initially in oncology, where MRI per se plays an essential role in the assessment of primary tumors (which is limited in the case of PET/CT), including prostate, rectal and gynecological tumors. On the other hand, the evaluation of the lungs remains an enigma although new MRI sequences are being designed to overcome this. More clinical indications of PET/MRI are seen in the fields of neurology, cardiology and inflammatory processes, and the use of PET/MRI also opens perspectives for pediatric populations as it involves very low radiation exposure. Our review aimed to highlight the current indications of PET/MRI and discuss the challenges and perspectives of PET/MRI at HC-FMUSP.
Topics: Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medical Oncology; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29561945
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.01.71 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... May 2018The goals of this article are to discuss the role of breast-specific PET imaging of women with breast cancer, compare the clinical performance of positron emission... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The goals of this article are to discuss the role of breast-specific PET imaging of women with breast cancer, compare the clinical performance of positron emission mammography (PEM) and MR imaging for current indications, and provide recommendations for when women should undergo PEM instead of breast MR imaging.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 29622131
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2017.12.006 -
Cancer Imaging : the Official... Apr 2023"Total-body" and ultra-extended field-of-view PET/CT scanners are now available commercially with great enthusiasm for their potential in both streamlining clinical... (Review)
Review
"Total-body" and ultra-extended field-of-view PET/CT scanners are now available commercially with great enthusiasm for their potential in both streamlining clinical practice and providing unique research opportunities. Accordingly, many groups are rushing to implement this technology. For early adopters, the challenges of these systems compared with more standard PET/CT systems have been significant. In this guide, aspects that need to be considered in planning installation of one of these scanners are discussed. These include financing, space, structural engineering, power supply, chilled water and environmental controls to manage heat loads, IT infrastructure and data storage, radiation safety and radiopharmaceutical procurement, staffing levels, patient handling logistics and imaging protocol redesign to leverage the superior sensitivity of these scanners, and marketing. It is a daunting but worthwhile endeavor in the author's opinion but needs a great team and the ability to bring in the appropriate expertise at the appropriate time.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Whole Body Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37020313
DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00542-1 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Mar 2022Compared to positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), the uptake of PET- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been slow, even more so in clinical...
Compared to positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), the uptake of PET- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been slow, even more so in clinical practice compared to the (pre-)clinical research setting. However, for applications in musculoskeletal (MSK) research, the combination of PET and MRI into a single modality offers attractive advantages over other imaging modalities. Most importantly, MRI has exquisite soft-tissue detail without the use of contrast agents or ionizing radiation, superior bone marrow visualization, and an extensive spectrum of distinct multiparametric assessment methods. In the preclinical setting, the introduction of PET inserts for small-animal MRI machines has proven to be a successful concept in bringing this technology to the lab. Initial hurdles in quantification have been mainly overcome in this setting. In parallel, a promising range of radiochemistry techniques has been developed to create multimodality probes that offer the possibility of simultaneously querying different metabolic pathways. Not only will these applications help in elucidating disease mechanisms, but they can also facilitate drug development. The clinical applications of PET/MRI in MSK are still limited, but encouraging initial results with novel radiotracers suggest a high potential for use in various MSK conditions, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and inflammation and infection. Further innovations will be required to bring down the cost of PET/MRI to justify a broader clinical implementation, and remaining issues with quality control and standardization also need to be addressed. Nevertheless, PET/MRI is a powerful platform for MSK research with distinct qualities that are not offered by other techniques.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35005878
DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03434-3 -
The Journal of Urology Aug 2019We assessed the feasibility and cancer detection rate of fluciclovine (F) positron emission tomography-ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy vs standard template biopsy in... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
PURPOSE
We assessed the feasibility and cancer detection rate of fluciclovine (F) positron emission tomography-ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy vs standard template biopsy in the same patient with biochemical failure after nonsurgical therapy for prostate cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 21 patients with a mean ± SD prostate specific antigen of 7.4 ± 6.8 ng/ml and biochemical failure after nonoperative prostate cancer treatment underwent fluciclovine (F) positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (mean 364.1 ± 37.7 MBq) and planning transrectal prostate ultrasound with 3-dimensional image reconstruction. Focal prostatic activity on positron emission tomography was delineated and co-registered with planning ultrasound. During the subsequent biopsy session computer generated 12-core template biopsies were performed and then fluciclovine defined targets were revealed and biopsied. Histological analysis of template and targeted cores were completed.
RESULTS
Template biopsy was positive for malignancy in 6 of 21 patients (28.6%), including 10 of 124 regions and 11 of 246 cores, vs targeted biopsy in 10 of 21 (47.6%), including 17 of 50 regions and 40 of 125 cores. Five of 21 patients had positive findings on targeted biopsy only and 1 of 21 had positive findings on template biopsy only. An additional case was upgraded from Grade Group 2 to 3 on targeted biopsy. Extraprostatic disease was detected in 8 of 21 men (38.1%) with histological confirmation in all 3 who underwent lesion biopsy.
CONCLUSIONS
Fluciclovine positron emission tomography real-time ultrasound fusion guidance for biopsy is feasible in patients with biochemical failure after nonsurgical therapy for prostate cancer. It identifies more recurrent prostate cancer using fewer cores compared with template biopsy in the same patient. Further study is required to determine in what manner targeted biopsy may augment template biopsy of recurrent prostate cancer.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carboxylic Acids; Cyclobutanes; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30817240
DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000200 -
Radiologia 2016Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique that has grown greatly in recent years. PET is considered a fundamental tool in oncology, and it also has...
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique that has grown greatly in recent years. PET is considered a fundamental tool in oncology, and it also has indications in other fields such as neurology and cardiology. Although F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) is the radiopharmaceutical most widely used in PET, the availability of new radiotracers has been a key element in the expansion of the use of PET. These new radiopharmaceuticals have made it possible to study different biological targets that are essential for obtaining greater knowledge and better characterization of different diseases and have thus contributed to the research and development of different therapeutic agents. This article provides a description of different PET radiopharmaceutical, structured according to their areas of application. Some of these radiotracers are already commercially available, whereas others are still under research or pending approval by regulatory bodies.
Topics: Forecasting; Heart Diseases; Humans; Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 27592111
DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2016.07.003 -
Physics in Medicine and Biology Mar 2021Positron emission tomography (PET) plays an increasingly important role in research and clinical applications, catalysed by remarkable technical advances and a growing...
Positron emission tomography (PET) plays an increasingly important role in research and clinical applications, catalysed by remarkable technical advances and a growing appreciation of the need for reliable, sensitive biomarkers of human function in health and disease. Over the last 30 years, a large amount of the physics and engineering effort in PET has been motivated by the dominant clinical application during that period, oncology. This has led to important developments such as PET/CT, whole-body PET, 3D PET, accelerated statistical image reconstruction, and time-of-flight PET. Despite impressive improvements in image quality as a result of these advances, the emphasis on static, semi-quantitative 'hot spot' imaging for oncologic applications has meant that the capability of PET to quantify biologically relevant parameters based on tracer kinetics has not been fully exploited. More recent advances, such as PET/MR and total-body PET, have opened up the ability to address a vast range of new research questions, from which a future expansion of applications and radiotracers appears highly likely. Many of these new applications and tracers will, at least initially, require quantitative analyses that more fully exploit the exquisite sensitivity of PET and the tracer principle on which it is based. It is also expected that they will require more sophisticated quantitative analysis methods than those that are currently available. At the same time, artificial intelligence is revolutionizing data analysis and impacting the relationship between the statistical quality of the acquired data and the information we can extract from the data. In this roadmap, leaders of the key sub-disciplines of the field identify the challenges and opportunities to be addressed over the next ten years that will enable PET to realise its full quantitative potential, initially in research laboratories and, ultimately, in clinical practice.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Kinetics; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prognosis; Radiopharmaceuticals; Systems Biology; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33339012
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abd4f7 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2015L-glutamate and its receptors (GluRs) play a key role in excitatory neurotransmission within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Impaired regulation of GluRs has... (Review)
Review
L-glutamate and its receptors (GluRs) play a key role in excitatory neurotransmission within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Impaired regulation of GluRs has also been implicated in various neurological disorders. GluRs are classified into two major groups: ionotropic GluRs (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated ion channels, and metabotropic GluRs (mGluRs), which are coupled to heterotrimeric guanosine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins). Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of GluRs could provide a novel view of CNS function and of a range of brain disorders, potentially leading to the development of new drug therapies. Although no satisfactory imaging agents have yet been developed for iGluRs, several PET ligands for mGluRs have been successfully employed in clinical studies. This paper reviews current progress towards the development of PET and SPECT probes for GluRs.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Drug Discovery; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Receptors, Glutamate; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 25874256
DOI: 10.1155/2015/716514 -
Alzheimer's & Dementia : the Journal of... Jul 2015The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), designed as a naturalistic longitudinal study to develop and validate magnetic resonance, positron emission... (Review)
Review
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), designed as a naturalistic longitudinal study to develop and validate magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid, and genetic biomarkers for use in AD clinical trials, has made many impacts in the decade since its inception. The initial 5-year study, ADNI-1, enrolled cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD subjects, and the subsequent studies (ADNI-GO and ADNI-2) added early- and late-MCI cohorts. The development of standardized methods allowed comparison of data gathered across multiple sites, and these data are available to qualified researchers without embargo. ADNI data have been used in >600 publications including those describing relationships between biomarkers, improved methods for disease diagnosis and the prediction of future decline, and identifying novel genetic AD risk loci. ADNI has provided a framework for similar initiatives worldwide.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Computer Communication Networks; Disease Progression; Humans; Neuroimaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; United States
PubMed: 26194308
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.007