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Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Gut microbiota plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis through microbes and their metabolites, while oral pathogens are the major components of...
OBJECTIVE
Gut microbiota plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis through microbes and their metabolites, while oral pathogens are the major components of CRC-associated microbes. Multiple studies have identified gut and fecal microbiome-derived biomarkers for precursors lesions of CRC detection. However, few studies have used salivary samples to predict colorectal polyps. Therefore, in order to find new noninvasive colorectal polyp biomarkers, we searched into the differences in fecal and salivary microbiota between patients with colorectal polyps and healthy controls.
METHODS
In this case-control study, we collected salivary and fecal samples from 33 patients with colorectal polyps (CP) and 22 healthy controls (HC) between May 2021 and November 2022. All samples were sequenced using full-length 16S rRNA sequencing and compared with the Nucleotide Sequence Database. The salivary and fecal microbiota signature of colorectal polyps was established by alpha and beta diversity, Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) and random forest model analysis. In addition, the possibility of microbiota in identifying colorectal polyps was assessed by Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC).
RESULTS
In comparison to the HC group, the CP group's microbial diversity increased in saliva and decreased in feces ( < 0.05), but there was no significantly difference in microbiota richness ( > 0.05). The principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in β-diversity of salivary and fecal microbiota between the CP and HC groups. Moreover, LEfSe analysis at the species level identified and as the major contributors to the salivary microbiota, and and to the fecal microbiota of patients with polyps. Salivary and fecal bacterial biomarkers showed Area Under ROC Curve of 0.8167 and 0.8051, respectively, which determined the potential of diagnostic markers in distinguishing patients with colorectal polyps from controls, and it increased to 0.8217 when salivary and fecal biomarkers were combined.
CONCLUSION
The composition and diversity of the salivary and fecal microbiota were significantly different in colorectal polyp patients compared to healthy controls, with an increased abundance of harmful bacteria and a decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria. A promising non-invasive tool for the detection of colorectal polyps can be provided by potential biomarkers based on the microbiota of the saliva and feces.
PubMed: 37655344
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1182346 -
Virulence Dec 2022readily colonizes healthy dental biofilm and is associated with periodontal diseases. The viscous exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing capability is known as a major...
readily colonizes healthy dental biofilm and is associated with periodontal diseases. The viscous exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing capability is known as a major virulence factor of 17 (Pi17). However, the inter-strain difference in regarding virulence-associated phenotype is not well studied. We compared virulence and whole genome sequences using five wild-type strains: ATCC 49046 (Pi49046), ATCC 15032 (Pi15032), ATCC 15033 (Pi15033), ATCC 25611 (Pi25611), and Pi17. Non-EPS producing Pi25611 was the least virulent in insect and mammalian models. Unexpectedly, Pi49046 did not produce viscous EPS but was the most virulent, followed by Pi17. Genomes of the five strains were quite similar but revealed subtle differences such as copy number variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Variations between strains were found in genes encoding glycosyltransferases and genes involved in the acquisition of carbohydrates and iron/haem. Based on these genetic variations, further analyses were performed. Phylogenetic and structural analyses discovered phosphoglycosyltransferases of Pi49046 and Pi17 have evolved to contain additional loops that may confer substrate specificity. Pi17, Pi15032, and Pi15033 displayed increased growth by various carbohydrates. Meanwhile, Pi49046 exhibited the highest activities for haemolysis and haem accumulation, as well as co-aggregation with harbouring type II, which is more tied to periodontitis than other types. Collectively, subtle genetic differences related to glycosylation and acquisition of carbohydrates and iron/haem may contribute to the diversity of virulence and phenotypic traits among strains. These variations may also reflect versatile strategies for within-host adaptation of
Topics: Animals; Carbohydrates; DNA Copy Number Variations; Genomics; Heme; Iron; Mammals; Phylogeny; Prevotella intermedia; Virulence
PubMed: 35791444
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2095718 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023: More than a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic periodontitis. The primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is dental plaque and the bacteria it... (Review)
Review
: More than a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic periodontitis. The primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is dental plaque and the bacteria it contains, particularly , , , , and . Zinc, owing to its antibacterial properties, can be employed in periodontology. The objective of this review was to analyze scientific literature that examines the effects of zinc on periopathogens. : A systematic review protocol of scientific literature was designed following PRISMA recommendations. Data search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. Full-text articles in English that examine the effects of zinc on periopathogens and were published between 2011 and 2021 were included. Fifteen articles were included in the analysis based on inclusion criteria. ZnO exhibited antibacterial activity against and ( < 0.001). The minimum inhibitory concentration against was 10 μg/mL. ZnO demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect, as evidenced by inhibition zones of 15.10 mm for , 13.36 mm for , 12.98 mm for , and 14.01 mm for Zn (II)-based polymers inhibited the and genes of . Titanium dental implants coated with ZnO effectively disrupted the cell walls of and . ZnO inhibited the growth of within 2 h and the growth of and within 3 h. ZnO exhibited nontoxic effects, and concentrations up to 0.8 mg/L increased cell survival rates by up to 90%. The analysis of the literature confirms the antibacterial action of zinc against periodontal pathogenic bacteria. At low concentrations, these substances do not exhibit cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Chronic Periodontitis; Organic Chemicals; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Zinc; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 38138191
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122088 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... 2017Aortitis is a general term that refers to all conditions involving an inflammation of the aortic wall. This case report describes the surgical approach of a patient with...
INTRODUCTION
Aortitis is a general term that refers to all conditions involving an inflammation of the aortic wall. This case report describes the surgical approach of a patient with infectious and symptomatic aortitis caused by the rare vector Prevotella intermedia.
PRESENTATION OF CASE
A 44-year old male patient was admitted with fever and general discomfort after a period of sore throat in a non-teaching hospital. After two weeks he developed acute abdominal and back pain accompanied by sweating and elevated infection parameters. Computed tomography angiography revealed atherosclerotic changes of the infrarenal aorta with a locally contained rupture of the aorta alongside peri-aortal signs of inflammation (and aortitis aspects). An urgent aortic reconstruction was performed according to Nevelsteen. The blood cultures turned out positive for Prevotella intermedia. Postoperatively the patient received antibiotics for six weeks. The patient recovered uneventful from this infection and surgical procedure.
DISCUSSION
A complicated and acute aortitis is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease. The aetiology can be ordered into two main groups; inflammatory and infectious. Diagnosis is based upon symptoms, biochemical values, microbiological results and imaging modalities. Treatment depends on aetiology and should be discussed in an experienced multidisciplinary setting. Infectious aortitis should be treated with antibiotics for at least six weeks with close monitoring of the patient's clinic and biochemical values, even after surgery.
CONCLUSION
Prevotella intermedia is a rare causative agent for aortitis. Acute aortitis is a challenging clinical entity which should be managed in an equipped medical center by an experienced multidisciplinary team.
PubMed: 28249232
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.02.015 -
Clinical Medicine Insights. Arthritis... 2017Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with periodontitis. Anti- and anti- antibody titers were higher in patients with spondyloarthritis than in healthy people.... (Review)
Review
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with periodontitis. Anti- and anti- antibody titers were higher in patients with spondyloarthritis than in healthy people. Sulfasalazine is an effective antibiotic treatment for AS. Moxifloxacin and rifamycin were also found to be significantly effective. The etiology hypothesis suggests that oral anaerobic bacteria such as spp and Prevotella spp contribute to the disease. These bacteria have been identified in AS, and we will discuss their pathogenic properties with respect to our knowledge of the disease. Periodontal pathogens are likely to be responsible for the development of AS in genetically susceptible individuals. This finding should guide the development of more comprehensive and efficacious treatment strategies for AS.
PubMed: 28638241
DOI: 10.1177/1179544117712992 -
Heliyon Mar 2023To investigate the frequencies and bacterial load of three species of periodontal bacteria in samples from oropharyngeal cancer patients versus healthy individuals.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the frequencies and bacterial load of three species of periodontal bacteria in samples from oropharyngeal cancer patients versus healthy individuals.
STUDY DESIGN
This is a case-control study based on biopsies collected from tumor tissues obtained from patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma between 2016 and 2017 and shed oral mucosal epithelial cells that were collected from controls using the Cepimax® brush, carrying out several brushings towards the posterior third edge of the tongue and the cheek. and detection and absolute quantification was determined through q-PCR. Statistical analysis included a U- test, , Fisher's exact test, odds ratio (OR) and Conditional logistic regression analysis and unconditional regression analysis ( < 0.05).
RESULTS
A total of 48 donors older than 55 years old participated in this study. The population was distributed into 24 patients (cases) and 24 controls. A robust association was established in cases and controls with significance regarding (OR: 15.00) and (OR:11.00). In the comparison between the amount of each bacteria in the groups, showed a higher bacterial load in oropharyngeal cancer patients ( = 0.04). However, multivariate analysis adjusted to the presence of different bacteria and the diverse confounding variables did not reveal significant differences for oropharyngeal cancer association.
CONCLUSION
and were detected more frequently in the group of patients with cancer. The bivariate analysis of the bacterial load evidenced significant differences for , suggesting that it could be associated with oropharyngeal cancer.
PubMed: 36938439
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14293 -
Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra 2018To systematically review the current literature investigating the association between oral health and acquired brain injury. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
To systematically review the current literature investigating the association between oral health and acquired brain injury.
METHODS
A structured search strategy was applied to PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL electronic databases until March 2017 by 2 independent reviewers. The preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines were used for systematic review.
RESULTS
Even though the objective was to assess the association between oral health and acquired brain injury, eligible studies focused solely on different forms of stroke and stroke subtypes. Stroke prediction was associated with various factors such as number of teeth, periodontal conditions (even after controlling for confounding factors), clinical attachment loss, antibody levels to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia. The literature showed no consensus on the possible association between gingivitis and stroke. Patients with stroke generally had poorer oral hygiene practices and oral health. Dental prophylaxis and professional intervention reduced the incidence of stroke.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, oral health and stroke were related. Periodontitis and tooth loss were independently associated with stroke. However, prevention and timely intervention may reduce the risk of stroke. Stroke was the main cerebral lesion studied in the literature, with almost no publications on other brain lesions.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dental Prophylaxis; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Incidence; Male; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Prevotella intermedia; Stroke; Tooth Loss
PubMed: 29402871
DOI: 10.1159/000484989 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Oct 2015Noma is an aggressive orofacial gangrenous pathology that damages hard and soft tissues of the mouth and the face. Throughout the centuries it has been present around... (Review)
Review
Noma is an aggressive orofacial gangrenous pathology that damages hard and soft tissues of the mouth and the face. Throughout the centuries it has been present around the globe, but nowadays it has practically disappeared from developed countries and mainly affects children from the most disadvantaged places, especially in Africa. Noma disease is a multifactorial process; malnutrition, debilitating diseases (bacterial or viral systemic diseases, HIV-associated immunosuppression, etc.) and intraoral infections are some of the factors implied. The characteristic tissue necrosis is produced by a polymicrobial infection. Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacillus cereus, Trueperella pyogenes, spyrochetes, etc, are some of the species that have been isolated from the affected areas. Without treatment, noma is lethal in a short period of time, and the patients that survive show severe sequelae that hinder their life and interpersonal relationships. The aim of this paper is to unify the existing information and to promote wider knowledge and awareness among the population.
Topics: Africa; Humans; Neglected Diseases; Noma; Quality of Life; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26437752
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jun 2023Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been completely...
BACKGROUND
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been completely elucidated. Recent studies suggest the involvement of the oral microbiota in the development of ORN. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between oral microbiota and the extent of bone resorption in ORN patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty patients who received high-dose radiotherapy for HNC were enrolled. Tissue specimens were collected from the unaffected and affected sides. The diversity, species differences and marker species of the oral microbial community were determined by 16 S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.
RESULTS
The ORN group had greater microbial abundance and species diversity. The relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceaeand, f_Fusobacteriaceae, f_Porphyromonadaceae, f_Actinomycetaceae, f_Staphylococcaceae, g_Prevotella, g_Staphylococcus, s_Endodontalis and s_Intermedia were particular;y increased in ORN, suggesting a potential association between the oral microbiota and ORN. Furthermore, g_Prevotella, g_Streptococcus, s_parvula and s_mucilaginosa were identified as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ORN. Association network analysis also suggested an overall imbalance in species diversity and ecological diversity in the oral microbiota of ORN patients. In addition, pathway analysis indicated that the dominant microbiota in ORN may disrupt bone regeneration by regulating specific metabolic pathways that increase osteoclastic activity.
CONCLUSION
Radiation-induced ORN is associated with significant changes in the oral microbiota, and the latter may play a potential role in the etiopathology of post-radiation ORN. The exact mechanisms through which the oral microbiota influence osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis remain to be elucidated.
Topics: Humans; Osteoradionecrosis; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Health Status
PubMed: 37328857
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04219-y -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2018: Oral microbiota has been at the center of cultural attention in recent years. In daily clinical practice, orthodontic appliances may be associated with an increased... (Review)
Review
: Oral microbiota has been at the center of cultural attention in recent years. In daily clinical practice, orthodontic appliances may be associated with an increased cariogenic risk and a worsening of preexisting periodontal diseases. : The purpose of this review is to investigate the available evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the quality and quantity of the oral microbiota. : The research included every article published up to October 2017 featuring the keywords 'Orthodontic appliance* AND (microbiological colonization OR periodontal pathogen* OR OR spp. OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR )' and was conducted in the major medical databases. The methodological quality of selected papers was scored using the 'Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies' (SBU) method. : Orthodontic appliances influence the oral microbiota with an increase in the counts of and spp. and in the percentage of potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. : There is moderate/high evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the oral microbiota. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018091589.
PubMed: 29988826
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1476645