-
JDR Clinical and Translational Research Apr 2023Markers of poor oral health are associated with impaired cognition and higher risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and thus may help predict AD.
INTRODUCTION
Markers of poor oral health are associated with impaired cognition and higher risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and thus may help predict AD.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional association between empirically derived groups of 19 IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms and cognition in middle-aged and older adults.
METHODS
The study population consisted of participants of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988 to 1994), who were 60 y and older, among whom cognition and IgG antibodies against 19 periodontal microorganisms were measured ( = 5,162).
RESULTS
In multivariable quantile regression analyses, the Orange-Red (Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Porphyromonas gingivalis) and Yellow-Orange (Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus micros, Capnocytophaga ochracea) cluster scores were negatively associated with cognition. A 1-unit higher cluster score for the Orange-Red cluster was associated on average with a lower cognitive score (β for 30th quantile = -0.2640; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.3431 to -0.1848). Similarly, a 1-unit higher score for the Yellow-Orange cluster was associated with a lower cognitive score (β for 30th quantile = -0.2445; 95% CI, -0.3517 to -0.1372).
CONCLUSION
Groups of IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms were associated with lower cognition among free living adults 60 years and older, who were previously undiagnosed with cognitive impairment. Though poor oral health precedes the development of dementia and AD, oral health information is currently not used, to our knowledge, to predict dementia or AD risk. Combining our findings with current algorithms may improve risk prediction for dementia and AD.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION STATEMENT
IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms were associated with lower cognition among adults 60 years and older previously undiagnosed with cognitive impairment. Periodontal disease may predict cognition among older adults.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dementia; Cognition; Immunoglobulin G; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Oral Health; Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 35139675
DOI: 10.1177/23800844211072784 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2017High-throughput sequencing has helped to reveal the close relationship between and periodontal disease, but the roles of subspecies diversity and genomic variation...
High-throughput sequencing has helped to reveal the close relationship between and periodontal disease, but the roles of subspecies diversity and genomic variation within this genus in periodontal diseases still need to be investigated. We performed a comparative genome analysis of 48 and isolates that from the same cohort of subjects to identify the main drivers of their pathogenicity and adaptation to different environments. The comparisons were done between two species and between disease and health based on pooled sequences. The results showed that both and have highly dynamic genomes and can take up various exogenous factors through horizontal gene transfer. The major differences between disease-derived and health-derived samples of and were factors related to genome modification and recombination, indicating that the isolates from disease sites may be more capable of genomic reconstruction. We also identified genetic elements specific to each sample, and found that disease groups had more unique virulence factors related to capsule and lipopolysaccharide synthesis, secretion systems, proteinases, and toxins, suggesting that strains from disease sites may have more specific virulence, particularly for . The differentially represented pathways between samples from disease and health were related to energy metabolism, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, consistent with data from the whole subgingival microbiome in periodontal disease and health. Disease-derived samples had gained or lost several metabolic genes compared to healthy-derived samples, which could be linked with the difference in virulence performance between diseased and healthy sample groups. Our findings suggest that and may serve as "crucial substances" in subgingival plaque, which may reflect changes in microbial and environmental dynamics in subgingival microbial ecosystems. This provides insight into the potential of and as new predictive biomarkers and targets for effective interventions in periodontal disease.
Topics: Adult; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Base Sequence; Cohort Studies; Female; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genetic Variation; Genome, Bacterial; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 28983469
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00409 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2020Knowledge of microbial composition and antimicrobials' susceptibility to periodontal abscesses is vital for their successful treatment. The current study aims to provide...
Knowledge of microbial composition and antimicrobials' susceptibility to periodontal abscesses is vital for their successful treatment. The current study aims to provide a thorough overview of the clinical and microbial features of periodontal abscesses of the local community. The study was carried out at Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan between December 2019 to March 2020. Clinical measurements and microbial samples were collected from 45 subjects. Microbial samples were anaerobically cultured for the growth of selected bacterial species. E-test was used to assess the susceptibility of bacterial species grown from the patient samples to amoxicillin, azithromycin, metronidazole, and tetracycline. The majority of affected patients had preexisting chronic periodontitis. All abscesses clinically demonstrated bleeding on probing and suppuration. The periodontal abscess was most commonly associated with lower incisors and canines, followed by lower molars and then upper incisor and canine teeth. spp. (73%) was the most frequently detected species followed by (65%), (46%) and (24%). The detected clinical isolates of certain bacteria demonstrated resistance to all tested antibiotics except azithromycin. We conclude that spp., , and are closely associated with periodontal abscess. Bacterial species associated with periodontal abscess demonstrated some level of antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin, metronidazole and tetracycline while antibiotic resistance to azithromycin could not be demonstrated.
PubMed: 33003527
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100654 -
International Journal of Medical... 2021is an oral pathogen that is frequently observed in the subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to be involved in the...
is an oral pathogen that is frequently observed in the subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to be involved in the immunopathology of periodontal diseases and has been implicated in the destruction of bone. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of IL-1β production by in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Our results showed that a host receptor, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), but not TLR4 is required for pro-IL-1β induction and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) priming in BMDCs in response to and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is necessary for processing of pro-IL-1β into mature IL-1β. In addition, an inhibitor assay revealed that production of reactive oxygen species, P2XR activity, and release of cathepsin B are involved in IL-1β production in BMDCs in response to
Topics: Animals; Cathepsin B; Cells, Cultured; Dendritic Cells; Disease Models, Animal; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Inflammasomes; Interleukin-1beta; Mice; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Periodontitis; Prevotella nigrescens; Primary Cell Culture; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 2
PubMed: 33390812
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47197 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2021Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory oral infection is the outcome of disturbances in the homeostasis of the oral biofilm microbiota. A number of studies have found...
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory oral infection is the outcome of disturbances in the homeostasis of the oral biofilm microbiota. A number of studies have found the occurrence of species in elevated levels in periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. Even though different aspects of as part of oral biofilm have been studied, biofilms formed by these species have not been characterized systematically. The objective of this study was to characterize biofilms formed by several species and further to assess biofilm inhibition and detachment of preformed biofilms. Biofilms were grown in 24-well plates containing brucella broth in anaerobic conditions for 3 days, and were quantified using crystal violet staining. Images of SYTO 9 Green fluorescent stained biofilms were captured using confocal microscopy. Biofilm inhibition and detachment by proteinase and DNase I was tested. The biochemical characterization included quantification of proteins and DNA in the biofilms and biofilm-supernatants. and showed highest biofilm formation. formed significantly higher amounts of biofilms than ( = 0.005) and ( = 0.0013). Inhibition of biofilm formation was significant only in the case of when treated with proteinase ( = 0.037), whereas with DNase I treatment, the inhibition was not significant ( = 0.531). Overall, proteinase was more effective in biofilm detachment than DNase I. Protein and DNA content were higher in biofilm than the supernatant with the highest amounts found in biofilm and supernatants. biofilms appeared to secrete large amounts of proteins extracellularly into the biofilm-supernatants. Significant differences among species to form biofilms may imply their variable abilities to get integrated into oral biofilm communities. Of the species that were able to grow as biofilms, DNase I and proteinase inhibited the biofilm growth or were able to cause biofilm detachment.
PubMed: 35048047
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.724194 -
NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes 2015Periodontitis is the most prevalent inflammatory disease worldwide and is caused by a dysbiotic subgingival biofilm. Here we used metatranscriptomics to determine the...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Periodontitis is the most prevalent inflammatory disease worldwide and is caused by a dysbiotic subgingival biofilm. Here we used metatranscriptomics to determine the functional shift from health to periodontitis, the response of individual species to dysbiosis and to discover biomarkers.
METHODS
Sixteen individuals were studied, from which six were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Illumina sequencing of the total messenger RNA (mRNA) yielded ~42 million reads per sample. A total of 324 human oral taxon phylotypes and 366,055 open reading frames from the HOMD database reference genomes were detected.
RESULTS
The transcriptionally active community shifted from Bacilli and Actinobacteria in health to Bacteroidia, Deltaproteobacteria, Spirochaetes and Synergistetes in periodontitis. Clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) related to carbohydrate transport and catabolism dominated in health, whereas protein degradation and amino acid catabolism dominated in disease. The LEfSe, random forest and support vector machine methods were applied to the 2,000 most highly expressed genes and discovered the three best functional biomarkers, namely haem binding protein HmuY from , flagellar filament core protein FlaB3 from , and repeat protein of unknown function from They predicted the diagnosis correctly for 14 from 16 individuals, and when applied to an independent study misclassified one out of six subjects only. shifted from commensalism to virulence by upregulating the expression of metalloproteases and the haem transporter. Expression of genes for the synthesis of the cytotoxic short-chain fatty acid butyrate was observed by under all conditions. Four additional species contributed to butyrate synthesis in periodontitis and they used an additional pathway.
CONCLUSION
Gene biomarkers of periodontitis are highly predictive. The pro-inflammatory role of is not related to butyrate synthesis.
PubMed: 28721234
DOI: 10.1038/npjbiofilms.2015.17 -
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis : Official... Mar 2020Prevotella spp. are frequently identified in Cystic Fibrosis sputum. This study examined whether infection with Prevotella nigrescens, a frequently identified member of...
Prevotella spp. are frequently identified in Cystic Fibrosis sputum. This study examined whether infection with Prevotella nigrescens, a frequently identified member of this species, contributes to inflammation in CF bronchial epithelial cells through activation of TLR- and NF-κB signalling pathways. CFBE41o- cells were infected with either P.nigrescens or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and incubated under anaerobic conditions for 4h. P.nigrescens activated TLR2 signalling but not TLR4 signalling while P.aeruginosa activated TLR4 signalling with a lesser effect on TLR2. P.aeruginosa induced significant IκBα phosphorylation 10min post infection with a return to control levels by 30min post infection. A significant induction in nuclear p65 DNA binding was observed at 2h post infection. In contrast, infection with P.nigrescens induced phosphorylation of IκBα 120min post infection, with significant induction in nuclear p65 DNA binding at 4h post infection only. Cytokine gene and protein responses were lower for P.nigrescens compared to P.aeruginosa. This study demonstrates the ability of a clinical P.nigrescens isolate to provoke a delayed NF-κB(p65) driven response through induction in TLR2 signalling and activation of sustained levels of IKKα.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cells, Cultured; Cystic Fibrosis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Inflammation; NF-kappa B; Prevotella nigrescens; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Respiratory Mucosa; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Transcription Factor RelA
PubMed: 31607634
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.09.005 -
Microorganisms May 2020Oral bacteria possess the ability to form biofilms on solid surfaces. After the penetration of oral bacteria into the pulp, the contact between biofilms and pulp tissue...
Oral bacteria possess the ability to form biofilms on solid surfaces. After the penetration of oral bacteria into the pulp, the contact between biofilms and pulp tissue may result in pulpitis, pulp necrosis and/or periapical lesion. Depending on the environmental conditions and the availability of nutrients in the pulp chamber and root canals, mainly Gram-negative anaerobic microorganisms predominate and form the intracanal endodontic biofilm. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of different substrates on biofilm formation as well as the separate and collective incorporation of six endodontic pathogens, namely and into a nine-species "basic biofilm". This biofilm was formed in vitro as a standard subgingival biofilm, comprising and The resulting endodontic-like biofilms were grown 64 h under the same conditions on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. After harvesting the endodontic-like biofilms, the bacterial growth was determined using quantitative real-time PCR, were labeled using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The addition of six endodontic pathogens to the "basic biofilm" induced a decrease in the cell number of the "basic" species. Interestingly, counts increased in biofilms containing and respectively, both on hydroxyapatite and on dentin discs, whereas counts increased only on dentin discs by addition of . The growth of on hydroxyapatite discs and of and on dentin discs were significantly higher in the biofilm containing all species than in the "basic biofilm". Contrarily, the counts of , and on hydroxyapatite discs as well as counts of and on dentin discs decreased in the all-species biofilm. Overall, all bacterial species associated with endodontic infections were successfully incorporated into the standard multispecies biofilm model both on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. Thus, future investigations on endodontic infections can rely on this newly established endodontic-like multispecies biofilm model.
PubMed: 32384777
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050674 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition as well as the antibacterial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic potentialities of the Brazilian root essential oil...
This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition as well as the antibacterial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic potentialities of the Brazilian root essential oil (CZ-EO) In addition, CZ-EO cytotoxicity to LLCMK adherent epithelial cells was assessed. The major compounds identified in CZ-EO were khusimol (30.0 ± 0.3%), β-eudesmol (10.8 ± 0.3%), α-muurolene (6.0 ± 0.1%), and patchouli alcohol (5.6 ± 0.2%). CZ-EO displayed optimal antibacterial activity against , , , and , with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values between 22 and 62.5 µg/mL and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values between 22 and 400 µg/mL. CZ-EO was highly active against the promastigote and amastigote forms (IC = 7.20 and 16.21 µg/mL, respectively) and the trypomastigote form (IC = 11.2 µg/mL). Moreover, CZ-EO showed moderate cytotoxicity to LLCMK cells, with CC = 565.4 µg/mL. These results revealed an interesting in vitro selectivity of CZ-EO toward the promastigote and amastigote forms (Selectivity Index, SI = 78.5 and 34.8, respectively) and the trypomastigote form (SI = 50.5) compared to LLCMK cells. These results showed the promising potential of CZ-EO for developing new antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal drugs.
PubMed: 36015115
DOI: 10.3390/ph15080967 -
Antibacterial activity of Brazilian red propolis and in vitro evaluation of free radical production.Archives of Oral Biology Nov 2022This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of crude Brazilian red propolis (BRP) extract against anaerobic bacteria involved in primary endodontic...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of crude Brazilian red propolis (BRP) extract against anaerobic bacteria involved in primary endodontic infection. Additionally, we evaluate the cell viability and free radical production of human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPF) in direct contact with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and BRP.
DESIGN
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MIC, MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB) of BRP against anaerobic endodontic pathogens were determined. HDPF were exposed to BRP10 (10 μg/mL), BRP50 (50 μg/mL), MTA extract (1:1, 1:2, 1:4 e 1:8), dimethyl sulfoxide 0.5% (DMSO), and cell culture medium (DMEM). The groups were tested for cell viability (MTT assay), and free radical production (reactive oxygen species - ROS, DCFH-DA probe and nitric oxide - NO, Griess reagent). The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were employed at a significance level of 5%.
RESULTS
MIC/MBC values of BRP performed antibacterial activity for Parvimonas micra (6.25/6.25 µg/mL), Fusobacterium nucleatum (25/25 µg/mL), Prevotella melaninogenica (50/100 µg/mL), Prevotella nigrescens (50/100 µg/mL), Prevotella intermedia (50/100 µg/mL), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (50/200 µg/mL). The MICB values ranged from 1.56 to 50 μg/mL. BRP and MTA stimulated cell viability, emphasizing BRP10 (p = 0.007). Furthermore, it was observed that MTA 1:1, MTA 1:2, and BRP50 slightly increased ROS (p < 0.001) and NO production (p = 0.008, p = 0.007, and p < 0.001 respectively) compared to DMEM group.
CONCLUSIONS
BRP exhibits good antibacterial activity against endodontic pathogens, and both BRP and MTA promote the viability of HDPF without increasing NO and ROS production.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brazil; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitric Oxide; Plant Extracts; Propolis; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 36049430
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105520